不同铜、锰水平对荷斯坦种公牛血清抗氧化指标的影响

【研究目的】本试验旨在研究不同铜、锰水平对荷斯坦种公牛血清抗氧化指标的影响。【方法】试验选取40头荷斯坦种公牛,随机分为10组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组采用3×3试验设计,分别饲喂不同铜、锰水平的日粮,铜的添加水平分别为4、8、12mg/kg（按日粮干物质计）,锰的添加水平分别为50,125,200mg/kg,试验期8个月。【结果】结果表明：不同铜、锰水平对荷斯坦种公牛血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、锰超氧化物歧化酶（Mn-SOD）活性及血清一氧化氮（NO）含量差异极显著（P<0.01）,对总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（CuZn-SOD）差异显著（P<0.05）,对血清过氧化氢酶（CAT）,铜兰蛋白（CP）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。【结论】综合分析不同铜、锰水平下试验牛抗氧化指标的变化,铜的适宜添加水平为4-8mg/kg日粮干物质,锰的适宜添加水平为50mg/kg日粮干物质。     

Influence of shearing on oxidative stress and some physiological parameters in ewes

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of shearing on physiological and oxidative stress parameters in ewes. Twenty Comisana ewes were used and divided into two groups. Ten ewes were left unshorn as a control group (Group A) and 10 ewes were shorn (Group B). All measurements were taken before and after shearing, and repeated 8 h after shearing and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 and 15 days after shearing. Reactive oxygen species (dROMs), antioxidant barrier (oxy‐adsorbent), thiol antioxidant barrier (SHp) and packed cell volume (PCV) were assessed in blood samples collected by means of jugular venipuncture. Rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) were also measured. Two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Bonferroni's test, was used for the assessment of significant effects due to shearing and time. The statistical analysis showed significant increases (P < 0.01) of dROMs, oxy‐adsorbent, SHp, and a significant decrease (P < 0.01) of RT and RR associated with time and shearing. Our results indicate that shearing causes a change in the ewe's homeostatic balance that leads to oxidative stress.     

混合悬架半主动控制器设计与试验

为改善传统被动悬架的动力学性能,回收悬架振动能量,设计了一种半主动混合悬架系统。建立1/4车动力学方程,分别研究馈能回路处于Boost模式和Buck模式时馈能回路内电流的变化情况,并分析MOS管占空比对直线电动机电磁阻尼力的影响。在此基础上,引入基于天棚和地棚混合控制的半主动控制策略。提出半主动控制参考力的概念,并运用粒子群算法确定其最优控制参数。通过对不同工作模式下电路电流的追踪,达到对电动机电磁阻尼力实时控制的目的。接着运用Simulink仿真搭建混合悬架系统模型,分别进行动力学性能、馈能性能以及电流跟踪控制效果对比。仿真结果表明,半主动混合悬架能够在改善车辆动力学性能的同时回收部分振动能量,所设计的半主动控制器对电流有较好的控制效果。最后,进行台架试验,通过对比试验结果验证了仿真结果的正确性。     

菌草灵芝菌糟对奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

选取10头产奶量、胎次、泌乳天数和体重基本一致的荷斯坦奶牛,按单因素试验设计,随机分为对照组和试验组。每组5头,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在饲喂的基础日粮中用1．5k·头-1·d-1菌草灵芝菌糟替代1kg·头-1·d-1甜菜粕,研究菌草灵芝菌糟对奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响．结果表明：对照组和试验组奶牛的产奶量分别比试验前降低16．85％和14．29％,表明以菌糟替代部分甜菜粕可延缓泌乳中期奶牛产奶量降低的趋势;两组间的乳常规成分,血液中葡萄糖、胆固醇的浓度,总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白M（1gM）的含量,白蛋白／球蛋白,谷丙转氨酶活性差异均不显著（P〉0．05）,试验组的血液尿索氮浓度与对照组相比降低13．26％,差异显著（P〈0．05）;试验后两组间的牛奶IgG含量差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但试验组与对照组相比有较明显的上升趋势,提高56．67％;试验组每头奶牛每年可节约饲料成本529．25元,经济效益明显．     

Molecular characterisation of Theileria equi and risk factors associated with the occurrence of theileriosis in horses of Punjab (Pakistan)

Theileria equi (T. equi) is an obligate intra- and extra-erythrocytic parasite that causes equine theileriosis (ET) in equids. Equine theileriosis is considered a notifiable disease of global significance, a major constraint to the international movement of horses, and endemic in many countries. This disease may be difficult to diagnose, as it can produce variable and nonspecific clinical signs. A cross-sectional study was designed for the molecular characterisation of T. equi and to investigate the associated risk factors of ET accompanied by its consequences on haematological and sero-biochemical parameters. A convenience sampling of 500 blood samples were collected from ET suspect horses from January to December 2017. PCR was performed on all blood samples targeting the 18S rRNA gene of T. equi followed by sequencing; 9% animals tested positive with confirmed sequences. The isolates of this study showed high homology with Cuban, Russian and Brazilian isolates of T. equi (accession numbers KY111762.2 , MG551915.1 and KY952237.1 , respectively). Based on multivariate analysis, the principal risk factors consisted of absence of dogs on the premises and presence of tick infestation. The haemato-biochemical parameters showed a decrease in granulocytes and erythrocytes, and an increase in lymphocytes, monocytes, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean platelet volume, glucose, phosphorus and aspartate aminotransferase in positive horses. This is the first study which identified ET in Punjab (Pakistan) using molecular techniques and risk factors together with the haemato-biochemical variations in horses.     

基于离散元的玉米种子颗粒模型种间接触参数标定

由于EDEM(离散元法)中建立的玉米种子颗粒模型与实际玉米种子在外形、表面粗糙度等方面存在差异,若直接将实际测量的物性参数引入EDEM中进行仿真,会出现仿真失真的情况。针对此问题,该文提出一种建立数学回归模型主动寻找目标参数的方法,简化标定过程,将仿真试验和真实试验相结合,对玉米种子颗粒模型的种间静摩擦系数和滚动摩擦系数两个关键参数进行标定,使其在EDEM中建立的玉米种子颗粒重新获得与真实颗粒相近的物理特性。利用两种接触材料(有机玻璃板与铝质圆筒)进行玉米种子堆积角仿真试验,建立两个自变量为种间静摩擦系数、种间滚动摩擦系数的二元回归方程。以实际测量种群堆积角作为已知目标量进行数值求解,求得EDEM中玉米种间静摩擦系数和滚动摩擦系数这两个目标参数:玉米种间静摩擦系数为0.0338,玉米种间滚动摩擦系数为0.0021。将标定的玉米种子物性参数输入EDEM中进行仿真试验,通过提取关键特征尺寸和图像边界将试验结果与实际试验结果进行对比,结果表明:关键特征尺寸数值差异在4.70%以内,标定后的玉米种子堆积角边界与实际情况更接近,提高了仿真结果的可靠性。     

Some Aspects of the Growth of Gracilaria birdiae (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) in an Estuary in Northeast Brazil

The agarophyte Gracilaria birdiae Plastino & Oliveira was cultivated under field conditions in an estuary over a 6-month period. Biomass production varied significantly (p<0.01) and ranged from 900.0 to 3537.0 g m⁻² with a mean of 2124.4±1004.36 g m⁻² over the cultivation period. The epiphyte-biomass varied from 64.7 to 313 g m⁻², with maximum values observed in July. Relative growth rate (RGR) of G. birdiae varying from −0.59 to 4.67% day⁻¹, with a maximum mean observed in July. Correlation analysis showed that RGR was positively correlated with epiphyte-biomass (R-Pearson=0.69; p< 0.01) and negatively correlated with salinity (R-Pearson=−0.41; p<0.05). These correlations were used in a mathematical regression model to estimate the growth of Gracilaria in an estuary. The regression model explained 61% of RGR variability demonstrating that growth rates of Gracilaria were directly related to the variables salinity and epiphytes. The model was developed to help to predict production at a cultivation site in order to evaluate its suitability for Gracilaria cultivation.     

Genetic parameters for litter size,piglet growth and sow's early growth and body composition in the Chinese–European line Tai Zumu

Genetics of piglet growth in association with sow's early growth and body composition were estimated in the Tai Zumu line. Piglet and sow's litter growth traits were calculated from individual weights collected at birth and at 3 weeks of age. Sow's litter traits included the number of piglets born alive (NBA), the mean piglet weight (MW) and the standard deviation of weights within the litter (SDW). Sow's early growth was measured by the age at 100 kg (A₁₀₀), and body composition included backfat thickness (BF₁₀₀). A main objective of this study was to estimate separately the direct genetic effect (d) and the maternal genetic effect (m) on piglet weight and daily weight gain during lactation. Variance components were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood methodology based on animal models. The heritability estimates were 0.19 for NBA, 0.15 and 0.26 for SDW and MW at 3 weeks and 0.42 and 0.70 for A₁₀₀ and BF₁₀₀. The NBA was almost independent from SDW. Conversely, the A₁₀₀ and BF₁₀₀ were correlated unfavourably with SDW (r_g<−0.24, SE<0.12). A stronger selection for litter size should have little effect on litter homogeneity in weights. Selection for lean growth rate tends to favour heterogeneity in weights. The direct effect on piglet weight at birth and daily weight gain accounted for 12% (h² (d) = 0.02) and 50% (h² (d) = 0.11) of the genetic variance, respectively. The association between d and m for piglet weight was not different from zero at birth (r_g = 0.19, SE = 0.27), but a strong antagonism between d and m for daily weight gain from birth to 3 weeks was found (r_g = −0.41, SE = 0.17). Substantial direct and maternal genetic effects influenced piglet growth until weaning in opposite way.     

日粮锰水平对辽宁绒山羊与蛋白质代谢相关的血液指标的影响

为了研究日粮中添加锰对辽宁绒山羊蛋白质代谢的影响,试验采用单因子完全随机试验设计,将24只辽宁绒山羊公羊随机平均分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,分别饲喂锰含量为20,40,60 mg/kg的日粮,测定了血液中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总蛋白、尿素氮含量。结果表明:随着锰含量的增加,谷丙转氨酶活性和总蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05),尿素氮含量显著降低(P<0.05),但谷草转氨酶活性未受显著影响(P>0.05)。综合分析认为,含锰60 mg/kg的日粮对促进辽宁绒山羊的蛋白质代谢较为适宜。     

植被覆盖下黄土凸型复合坡面水流特征

针对黄土凸型复合坡面侵蚀产沙规律研究现状的薄弱问题,该文通过对野外凸型复合坡面进行不同流量(14、18、22 L/min)、不同植被覆盖度(30%、50%、70%)和不同植被覆盖坡位(凸型复合坡面的上坡坡底和下坡坡底)的放水冲刷试验,对黄土凸型复合坡面径流侵蚀发生过程中的水流特征进行了深入研究。结果表明,当植被覆盖度为70%,且植被布设在凸型复合坡面上坡坡底时,复合坡面的水流流态属于缓流过渡流,其他情况下凸型复合坡面的水流流态属于急流过渡流。植被布设在凸型复合坡面下坡坡底时的雷诺数和佛罗德数大于植被布设在凸型复合坡面上坡坡底时相应的雷诺数和佛罗德数。用达西阻力系数和曼宁糙率系数这2个参数表达径流阻力结果一致。植被布设在凸型复合坡面上坡坡底时的达西阻力系数和曼宁糙率系数大于植被布设在凸型复合坡面下坡坡底时相应的达西阻力系数和曼宁糙率系数。研究结果可为植被覆盖下黄土凸型复合坡面侵蚀产沙过程机理的研究和植被措施在黄土凸型复合坡面中的合理配置提供科学参考。