瓜蚜对不同甜瓜品种的取食选择性

选择7个不同甜瓜品种,综合比较了瓜蚜对不同品种室内离体叶片的取食选择性及在室外活体植株上的种群增长动态。结果发现,瓜蚜对IVF437和羊角蜜的叶碟选择性比其他品种低,叶碟选择2 h后羊角蜜和IVF437上的瓜蚜数量为2~3头,选择率为5.54%~7.38%;培养12 h后,羊角蜜和IVF437上的若蚜分别为5.50头和14.00头。且瓜蚜在这2个品种上的种群增长速度也较慢,研究结果为田间甜瓜品种的选择种植及进一步选育抗蚜品种提供了科学基础。     

Assessing opportunity and relocation costs of marine protected areas using a behavioural model of longline fleet dynamics

Increasing use of spatial management tools in fisheries requires an understanding of fleet response, and in particular to where displaced fishing effort is likely to move. We develop a state‐dependent decision‐making model to address the spatial allocation of effort in an Australian tuna longline fishery. We assume that fishers have an economic objective in deciding where to fish, but that decisions in any period are also influenced by the remaining quota held at the time of the decision. Key features of the model include endogenous price dynamics, a moving stock and a competitive pool of different vessel types operating from different port locations. We utilize this model to illustrate fleet responses to marine reserves and limits on fishing effort. The results illustrate that the model framework provides advantages over statistically based models in that decisions made in response to the imposition of a reserve are not consistent with a proportional reallocation of effort. Rather, the stochastic dynamic model yielded an overall profit level of ～4% higher relative to scenarios with no reserve. Incorporating the opportunity cost of a quota into the model resulted in an optimal utilization of effort, in which effort was concentrated in time periods and locations yielding maximized profit. Under a low level of effort relative to the season length, the model indicated an overall profit level 43% greater than the highest obtained when the same level of effort was applied solely within any given quarter of the season.     

稻-鸭生态系统中二化螟消长动态研究

2003年4～10月,在稻鸭共栖田中,对二化螟发生规律的系统研究结果表明,稻田养鸭能显著减轻二化螟的为害。与对照相比,中稻田养鸭区二化螟为害株率减少13.4%～47.1%;晚稻田减少62.2%。稻鸭共栖能减少化学农药的使用量,具有较好的经济、社会和生态效益。     

电选法回收废印刷线路板中金属Cu的研究

采用破碎机和高压电选机对废印刷线路板中金属Cu进行回收.结果表明,破碎产物粒度<0.9mm时金属的单体解离度较高,可以作为分选的原料.物料在电选过程中的动力学分析表明,影响电选效果的主要因素为电极电压、滚筒转速、电晕电极距及物料粒度.经正交实验优化影响参数后,-0.9+0.074mm粒级的破碎产物一次电选所得精料中Cu的富集情况较好,Cu品位由32.0%富集到63.6%,回收率为78.7%.     

Influence of Disease Process and Duration on Acute Phase Proteins in Serum and Peritoneal Fluid of Horses with Colic

Background

The acute phase proteins (APP) serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, and fibrinogen are valuable blood biomarkers in equine inflammatory diseases, but knowledge of factors influencing their concentrations in blood and peritoneal fluid (PF) of horses with colic is needed.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of demographics (age, sex, breed), disease process (simple obstruction, strangulating obstruction, inflammatory), disease location, disease duration, hypovolemia, and admission hospital on concentrations of APP, lactate and white blood cell counts (WBC) in horses with colic admitted to 2 referral hospitals.

Animals

The study included 367 horses with colic admitted at 2 referral hospitals.

Methods

Prospective multicenter observational study of clinical data, as well as blood and PF biomarkers. Associations between biomarker concentrations and clinical variables were analyzed using multivariate linear regression analysis.

Results

Increasing pre‐admission duration of colic was associated with increased concentrations of APP in blood and PF. Blood concentrations of SAA and fibrinogen were associated with disease process (inflammatory, strangulations, simple obstructions) in more colic duration groups (5–12 and >24 hours) than any of the other biomarkers. No relevant associations between demographic factors, hospital, or hydration status and the measured biomarkers were found.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

In horses with colic, concentrations of APP are associated mainly with disease process and duration of colic and may thus be used for assessment of disease independently of demographic or geographic factors. Serum amyloid A may be a diagnostic marker for use in colic differential diagnosis, but further evaluation is needed.     

10％乙霉威·腐霉利微粉剂在设施黄瓜上的沉积分布及残留消解动态

为探究10%乙霉威·腐霉利微粉剂(有效成分质量分数:5%乙霉威,5%腐霉利)在设施黄瓜上施用后的沉积分布特性及残留消解动态,采用PC-3A(S)型激光粉尘仪及粉尘取样片,分别研究了不同设施类型、不同温湿度及不同施药角度下,10%乙霉威·腐霉利微粉剂在设施黄瓜上的沉积分布情况;并于2017年和2018年,分别在北京市进行了该药剂在设施黄瓜叶片和果实中的残留及消解动态试验。结果表明:不同设施类型、不同温度条件下,10%乙霉威·腐霉利微粉剂的沉积分布特性无明显差异,且其有效成分分解率不受温度影响;不同湿度条件下,该微粉剂在黄瓜叶片上的沉积量不同,湿度越大沉积量越多。乙霉威和腐霉利在黄瓜叶片和果实中的消解动态均符合准一级动力学或一级动力学方程,2种药剂在叶片中的半衰期分别为3.2 d和3.0~3.2 d,在果实中的半衰期分别为4.0~4.3 d和3.1~3.8 d。采用10%乙霉威·腐霉利微粉剂,分别按100 g/hm2和150 g/hm2(1.5倍)剂量于黄瓜幼果期施药,最多施药3次,施药间隔期为7 d,距最后一次施药间隔7、10和14 d分别采样,乙霉威在黄瓜果实中的最大残留量为0.88 mg/kg,低于中国国家标准规定的其最大残留限量(MRL)值(5 mg/kg),腐霉利在黄瓜果实中的最大残留量为0.49 mg/kg,也低于其MRL值(2 mg/kg)。该研究结果可为10%乙霉威·腐霉利微粉剂在设施黄瓜上的安全使用提供数据支持。     

接种密度和面包酵母投喂量对蒙古裸腹溞种群变动和生产量的影响

在室内水槽中进行蒙古裸腹(Moinamongolica)的大量培养,研究不同接种密度和面包酵母投喂水平对该种群变动和生产量的影响。所用蒙古裸腹为20世纪90年代采自山西省晋南半咸水湖、在海水中长期培养保存下的种。实验1中,接种密度分别设为338ind/L、145ind/L和88ind/L3个水平,面包酵母投喂量为5mg/L,每天4次,各设3个重复。实验2中,面包酵母投喂量分别为30mg/(L·d)、20mg/(L·d)和10mg/(L·d)3个水平,蒙古裸腹接种密度为900ind/L,各设3个重复。实验结果表明:(1)在一定范围内蒙古裸腹培养产量随接种密度增加而增加,当接种密度低于88ind/L时,接种的蒙古裸腹较难形成稳定的种群。(2)当使用面包酵母(Bakeryeast)作为培养蒙古裸腹的惟一食物时,食物需要量随种群密度的变化而变化。当密度低于1500ind/L时,适宜的面包酵母投喂水平为20mg/(L·d);当密度超过5000ind/L时为30mg/(L·d)。上述结果显示,接种密度和面包酵母投喂量对蒙古裸腹种群变动和生产量具有重要影响。建议在蒙古裸腹培养生产中接种密度高于150ind/L,面包酵母投喂量为0 8×10-5～1 3×10-5g/(ind·d)。     

无芒雀麦草地营养物质生产量季节动态的研究

采用在生长季节内按照不同生长发育时期共取１５次样品分析牧草营养成分含量的方法，研究了无芒雀麦人工草地牧草营养万分含量和营养物质生产量的季节动态，了在高寒地区无氮浸出物含量呈中间低两头高的特殊性。     

赣北二化螟卵寄生蜂寄生率动态及其对景观结构的响应

为探索南方稻区二化螟卵寄生蜂生防功能、评估卵寄生蜂在田间寄生动态并探讨对不同景观结构的响应,本文采用对比盆栽稻株叶片载卵、离体新鲜稻叶载卵和滤纸卵卡比对二化螟卵寄生蜂寄生率差异;利用盆栽稻株叶片载卵调查卵寄生蜂在稻田中的寄生率季节动态变化;在5月初、7月初和9月初分别调查了在不同景观样点二化螟卵寄生蜂寄生率,对不同空间尺度下（0.2,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 km）景观变量与卵寄生率进行模型分析,评估不同景观变量对卵寄生率的影响。结果表明,三种诱集方法差异显著,盆栽稻株叶片载二化螟卵被寄生的比率最高,其次为离体新鲜稻叶,滤纸卵卡效果最差。田间寄生动态调查表明,早稻卵被寄生比率偏低,中稻寄生率较高,在7月中旬二化螟卵被寄生率达到高峰（66.7%）,8月下旬以后,晚稻寄生率逐步下降。对不同空间尺度下景观结构变量与卵寄生率分析表明,1.5 km尺度下的林地与二化螟卵寄生蜂有着密切关系。低于40%林地面积比例时,二化螟卵寄生蜂寄生率随林地面积增加而降低;而在高于40%林地面积比例时,二化螟卵寄生率随林地面积增加而增加。综上所述,对于中国南方的小规模稻田景观,林地比例与二化螟卵寄生率有关,但相关效应并非单一地增加或减少的线性响应。研究结果可为南方稻区二化螟卵寄生蜂提供简便、有效的评估方法,并为综合利用二化螟卵寄生蜂控害功能,发展二化螟生防策略提供参考依据。