辽宁省草原资源管理系统建设研究

辽宁省草原资源管理系统综合应用地理信息、数据库和网络信息技术,以辽宁省1∶250000和1∶50000比例尺的电子地图为基础本底数据,结合实地调查的草原GPS数据和草原属性数据建立了辽宁省草原地理信息数据库,采用B/S辅以C/S架构构建系统,设置了系统设置、专题管理、统计分析、项目管理、文献管理和权限设置等模块,涵盖了草原资源、属性、工程、灾害、监测、知识、文献和报表等信息,为草原管理提供了系统、高效、便捷和直观的网络信息交互平台,对于提高辽宁省草原资源管理水平、实现草原数字化与信息化管理具有重要意义。     

Chapter 10. Mapping Ecological Attributes Using an Integrated Vegetation Classification System Approach

Summary

Land managers need vegetation maps to inventory, monitor, and manage ecological resources across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Current vegetation maps usually only describe one vegetation characteristic, such as cover types, across the landscape. Although these maps provide important information for land management, they often fall short of addressing key issues like forest health and ecosystem management. In this paper we present an integrated approach where three different vegetation classifications are used in concert to spatially characterize many ecological attributes such as snag densities, insect susceptibility, and fire behavior across the landscape. Two examples from the Pacific Northwest are used to illustrate how this approach can be used to describe fuel characteristics and resource hazard across multiple scales.     

From Experience-Oriented to Quantity-Based: A Method for Landscape Plant Selection and Configuration in Urban Built-Up Areas

Sunshine is the key ecological factor for the growth, development, and reproduction of all green plants. Experience-oriented methods are the main approach in the stage of plant selection and configuration for landscape planning and design. However, our survey showed that this approach is unreliable in complex built-up environments. The objective of this research was to find a sound strategy for the selection and configuration of landscape plants, thereby ensuring their healthy growth and development. In this research, we adopted a geographic information system (GIS) as the technological platform, combined with a sunshine simulation and evaluation model, and a landscape plant database. The system can automatically retrieve and match landscape plants for different levels of solar radiation at specific geographic sites. This quantity-based assessment of the solar environment can overcome the drawbacks of the experience-oriented approaches, and can be used for landscape plant selection in the early stages of landscape planning and design, and also for their conservation and replacement.     

基于VB与Googleearth插件的广西百色市森林防火地理信息系统的设计与构建

基于百色市市、县、国有林场森林防火工作的需求,从森林防火指挥需要出发,以森林资源多源数据（国家防火网热点监测数据、红外遥感影像、Google地图、地面调查数据和防火资源数据等）为基础,对森林防火地理信息系统的技术构架进行了设计,对系统设计中的若干关键技术进行分析,并提出了解决方案。     

Genotypic Diversity of Cross-Tolerance to Oxidative and Drought Stresses in Rice Seedlings Evaluated by the Maximum Quantum Yield of Photosystem II and Membrane Stability

Abstract

The genotypic variation of oxidative damage under oxidative and drought stresses was evaluated for a total of 67 rice cultivars consisting of 61 from the rice diversity research set of germplasm and 6 high-yielding varieties. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F_v/F_m) and the membrane stability index (MSI) were measured to assess the oxidative damage induced by methyl viologen (MV) for oxidative stress and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for drought stress. Considerable variations in F_v/F_m and MSI among the cultivars in MV treatment indicated the existence of genotypic diversity in the susceptibility to oxidative damage. The weak relationships of F_v/F_m and MSI between MV and PEG treatment suggested that mechanisms other than oxidative stress tolerance affected the genotypic diversity of oxidative damage in PEG treatment. We used principal component analysis to quantify the cross-tolerance to oxidative damage under MV and PEG treatments: cross-tolerance was higher in cultivars in the japonica group than in the indica groups and higher in the improved cultivars than in the landraces. These results suggest that genotypic diversity of cross-tolerance is related to adaptation to the ecosystem where the genotypes originated and that the characteristics responsible for the tolerance to oxidative damage have been selected during breeding for improved grain yield.     

白羊草主要生产性能构成因子分析

对采自山西省不同地区的10个白羊草居群的10个生产性能指标进行相关性分析和主成分分析,结果表明:10个指标中干草产量变异系数最大(29.90％),株丛密度最小(11.55％);白羊草不同居群间,除株丛密度外其他生产性能指标差异均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01);干草产量与株丛密度呈负相关,与花序重、小穗数、单株产量、单株茎重、单株叶重、结实率、茎叶比和千粒重均为正相关,单株产量与单株茎重、单株叶重呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01).主成分分析表明,前3个主成分因子中特征向量最大的分别为单株叶重、千粒重和小穗数,3个主成分因子累计贡献率达到78.609％.     

基于GIS的中山市近二十年建设用地增长分析

在RS与GIS的支持下,对中山市建设用地空阁格局演变进行了定量分析.结果表明,在城市扩张压力下,建设用地是研究区变化最为活跃的用地类型,1990-2007年总体呈增加的趋势,其中2000-2007年建设用地增加数量最大.而重心迁移距离则是1990-1995年最长.     

施钼量对烤烟化学成分和经济性状的影响

[目的]研究不同施钼量对烤烟化学成分含量和经济性状的影响。[方法]采用大区对比试验,对云烟87进行不同施钼量处理。[结果]施钼量80 ml/株烟叶产量、产值、上等烟比例最高,且有利于提高烟叶总糖、还原糖含量;施钼量40 ml/株有利于提高烟叶钾含量,降低烟叶总氮、烟碱、氯含量,并协调烟叶糖碱比、氮碱比和钾氯比。[结论]施钼量宜选择40～80 ml/株。     

基于主成分回归分析方法的消费需求研究———以湖北省为例简

基于2002 ～2010年湖北省消费需求影响因素的时序数据,运用主成分分析法求出影响湖北省消费需求的主成分,然后运用最小二乘法与湖北省人均消费支出进行回归,得到主成分回归方程,并对其展开定量与定性分析.结果表明,少年儿童抚养比、老年抚养比和人均储蓄余额对人均消费支出具有正向促进作用,其指标每上升1％,人均消费支出将分别增加1.33％、1.30％和0.73％;而就业率、城乡收入差距、人均可支配收入、人均生产总值、一年期存款利率等对人均消费支出具有反向抑制作用,其值每上升1％,人均消费支出将下降0.29％、0.28％、0.29％、0.22％、0.13％.