农村电力负荷管理系统的研究与开发

随着我国农村经济的发展,造成了农村地区电力的持续紧缺,给农业生产带来了不利影响,要求电力部门加强对农村电力负荷的管理,以确保农业生产的电力需求.为此,介绍了一种集多种功能于一体的农村电力负荷管理系统,阐述了该系统的主要功能、终端的硬件设计和主控站软件的设计.本系统支持230M无线专网和GPRS/CDMA无线公网两种通讯方式.     

农用柴油发动机噪声污染分析

柴油发动机广泛应用于各类农业机械中,由其带来的噪声污染也日益严重.为研究柴油机的整机噪声,利用声强测试技术中的p-p法,对某型农用六缸柴油发动机进行实测.通过对发动机各包络面上声强分布和声功率测试结果的分析,确定了其噪声源的位置、声功率的大小、主要噪声频率及整机辐射强度,为控制柴油发动机噪声污染提供了理论依据.     

直线共轭内啮合齿轮泵齿轮接触强度的有限元分析

针对采用传统经验公式分析计算齿轮泵齿轮接触强度存在计算过程相当复杂、繁琐,误差较大的问题.在分析齿轮受力情况基础上,采用有限元法对直线共轭内啮合齿轮泵齿轮接触强度进行计算,并与经验公式计算的接触强度进行比较分析.结果表明,两种方法计算结果基本吻合,证实了采用有限元法分析计算的可行性与优越性,为直线共轭内啮合齿轮泵齿轮的设计、选材提供了一种新的方法,具有一定的工程应用价值.     

温度、盐度和光照强度对鼠尾藻氮、磷吸收的影响

在实验室条件下,研究了不同的温度和盐度组合,温度和光照强度组合对鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)氮、磷吸收速率的影响.结果表明,上述3个环境因子对鼠尾藻氮、磷吸收速率均有显著影响.其中,温度和盐度对鼠尾藻氮、磷吸收速率有极显著影响(P<0.01),二者交互作用也极显著(P<0.01).在盐度20、温度25℃条件下和盐度30、温度30℃条件下,鼠尾藻对氮有较高吸收速率,分别为11.26μmol/[g(dw)·h]和11.01 μmol/[g(dw)·h];在盐度40、温度15～30℃范围内对磷的吸收速率较大,达到1.5μmol/[g(dw)·h]以上.温度和光照对鼠尾藻氮、磷吸收速率均有极显著影响(P<0.01),二者交互作用极显著(P<0.01).在温度15℃和光照强度140～180μE/(m2·s)以及温度20～25℃和光照强度60～100 μE/(m2·s)条件下,鼠尾藻对氮有较高吸收速率,均在9.60 μmol/[g(dw)·h]以上;在温度25℃和光照强度60μE(m2·s)条件下,鼠尾藻对磷的吸收速率达到最大,为1.30 μmol/[g(dw)·h].本研究结果表明,鼠尾藻总体上对水体中的氮、磷均具有较高的吸收速率,且能较好地同时吸收NH4+-N和NO3--N,显示了它对海水环境中营养盐具有较强的吸收能力.     

电控喷油器智能测试系统数据通讯技术研究

电控喷油器的性能是决定电控系统设计的重要因素,直接影响车用发动机燃油控制单元的精确性.对电控喷油器智能测试系统进行了开发研究.使用计算机的RS-232接口与单片机进行串行通讯.采用VB6.0对上位机进行编程控制,实现了上下位机之间的实时通讯.快捷地控制喷油器的运行,并能够实时地获取喷油器喷射量,实现电控喷油器的智能测试.     

Influence of light intensity on feeding, growth, and early survival of leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) larvae under mass-scale rearing conditions

This study investigated the effect of different light intensities on feeding, growth and survival of early stage leopard coral grouper Plectropomus leopardus larvae. Four different light intensities (0, 500, 1000 and 3000 lx) were used and larvae were kept under constant light conditions from 0 day after hatching (DAH) to 5 DAH. The larvae were fed a small S-type of Thai strain rotifers at a density of 20 individuals/mL from 2 DAH. The number of rotifers in larval digestive organ and total length of larvae were examined at 3 h intervals between 04:00 and 22:00 h on 3 DAH, and thereafter at 6 h intervals until the end of the experiment (5 DAH). Four experimental trials of the larval rearing were repeated using by 60 kL mass-scale rearing tanks. The results indicate that coral grouper larvae are visual feeders and their food intake increases with increasing light intensity. Food intake of larvae reared at 3000 lx was significantly higher than those reared at 0–1000 lx on 3 DAH despite being the first-feeding day (P < 0.01). On 4 DAH, total length of larvae reared at 3000 lx was significantly larger than those reared at the lower light intensities (0, 500 and 1000 lx), and thereafter light intensity significantly influenced larval feeding and growth until the end of the experiment. Survival on 5 DAH did not show a significant difference between light intensities, but survival rate at 3000 lx and 1000 lx had a tendency to be higher than those reared at the lower light intensities (0 and 500 lx). In contrast, larvae reared at 0 lx exhibited stagnant and/or negative growth. These results indicate that light intensity is significantly the factor affecting larval feeding, growth, and survival in coral grouper larvae under the rearing conditions.     

Explaining urban governance in the midst of political transformation: The city of Macao

This paper takes a close look at the urban governance and political culture of Macao, the world largest casino city. Macao has experienced spectacular economic growth since gaming liberalisation in 2002 and China's Free Individual Travel scheme launched in 2003. However, the booming gaming sector has crowded out other sectors of Macao. It has not only made the city's economy mono‐structured and consequently extremely vulnerable to external shocks and fluctuations but also induced serious social divisions and political controversies within the local community. By tracing the root cause of the ongoing dilemma and crisis in the mode of governance, the dynamic relationships between formal and informal institutions, consensus politics and the social group culture are intensively discussed in a historical context. In fact, the sustainable development of the former Portuguese colony has largely been hindered by its residents' passive attitudes toward political communication, non‐transparent urban governance, the absence of a middle class and the dominance of pro‐establishment social groups.     

韭菜迟眼蕈蚊紫外敏感视蛋白基因的克隆及光强度对其表达量影响

为明确韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga紫外敏感视蛋白基因Bo-uv的作用及其与趋光性的关系,利用常规PCR方法克隆获得Bo-uv基因的全长cDNA序列,分析了其敏感视蛋白的氨基酸序列与其它12种昆虫同源蛋白氨基酸序列之间的系统进化关系,运用qPCR技术检测了不同发育阶段、不同组织及不同光强度下Bo-uv基因的相对表达量。结果表明,Bo-uv基因cDNA全长2 757 bp,开放阅读框1 542 bp,编码514个氨基酸。韭菜迟眼蕈蚊紫外敏感视蛋白的氨基酸序列与其它12种昆虫同源蛋白的氨基酸序列一致性为21.93%～43.00%,与橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis的氨基酸序列同源性最高。Bo-uv基因在韭菜迟眼蕈蚊蛹末期、成虫期表达,在成虫头部的相对表达量较高。在0～10 000 lx光强范围内雌、雄成虫体内该基因的相对表达量均呈先增高后降低趋势。与对照相比,1 000 lx光强度下其相对表达量显著升高,10 000 lx时相对表达量显著降低。表明光强度能够有效地调控Bo-uv基因的表达,该基因在韭菜迟眼蕈蚊感知外界光刺激过程中具有重要作用。     

蕹菜芽苗菜对LED 光强和光质的生长响应

以阔叶空心菜为试材,研究蕹菜芽苗菜对LED 光强和光质的生长响应。结果表明：绿化阶段结束时处理L₇₀₀₀RBW4∶1∶1（光强7 000 lx,红光∶蓝光∶白光为4∶1∶1）的脱壳率显著高于其他处理;光强为7 000 lx 时,3 种光质处理的蕹菜芽苗菜可食部分干质量均显著高于白光对照;光照强度过高显著影响叶绿素的累积,高光强（L₁₁₀₀₀）下的叶绿素a、叶绿素b 含量及叶绿素总量随红光比例的增加而降低,同时子叶白化现象越发明显;不同光强条件下,3 种光质处理的抗坏 血酸含量均随着红光比例的增加而降低,而可溶性糖含量处理间差异不显著;主成分分析结果表明,L₇₀₀₀RBW4∶1∶1 在本试验条件下表现最佳,是较适宜蕹菜芽苗菜工厂化生产的LED 光源配方。