非粮食主产区农户耕地保护利益补偿制度的意愿分析———基于重庆市155 份农户认知调研数据

非粮食主产区作为耕地保护补偿的支付主体,其农户耕地保护利益补偿机制的意愿分析对于构建非粮食主产区耕地保护利益补偿机制具有重要作用。以重庆市为例,运用4 个区（县）的农户调研数据,分析了农户对耕地保护的认知,并在此基础上,从补偿标准、补偿对象、补偿方式、补偿周期和补偿资金的监管方式等关键要素对农户的耕地保护利益补偿机制的意愿进行了分析。结果表明：（1）农户对耕地保护主体认知异化、外部性认知水平偏低;（2）耕地保护受偿意愿（WPA）的期望值为1 116.9 元/年,远远高于现行的耕地保护补偿标准;（3）农户愿意接受的补偿方式与补偿周期分别呈平均分布、极端分布态势;（4）农户迫切希望建立耕地保护利益补偿的共同参与机制。最后,从提高耕地保护认知、规范补偿资金的用途,实施多元化的耕地保护补偿标准、补偿方式等方面提出政策建议。     

基于SD法的城市带状公园植物景观评价研究

以北京市4个城市带状公园:元大都城垣遗址公园、皇城根遗址公园、北二环城市公园和菖蒲河公园为研究对象,借助心理实验的SD法—语义差异法(Semantic Differential)分析了游人对城市带状公园植物景观的基本印象及心理感受.通过现场发放调查问卷的形式,共收集到有效问卷268份,运用SPSS20.0软件对数据进行了因子分析.结果表明:植被因子、认知因子和活动因子是影响游人对公园植物景观印象的3个主要因子;皇城根遗址公园的综合因子得分最高,菖蒲河公园得分最低.可见在植物景观设计过程中,不仅要做到景观效果美观、植物素材丰富,更应注重运用植物素材违背和满足游人需求的有效使用空间,在实现优质景观的同时提高植物景观的功能性.     

农户地理标志产品的认知研究——基于地理标志产品黄山毛峰、太平猴魁保护区556户农户的调查

农户作为地理标志保护产品供给的源头,其对地理标志产品的认知情况影响着地理标志产品产业发展。现对地理标志产品黄山毛峰、太平猴魁保护区种植户通过入户、座谈等方式进行调查,对其对地理标志保护的认知情况进行了描述性统计分析。     

从知行背离到知行统一——关于编辑职业道德建设的思考

对编辑职业道德生活中存在的知行背离现象进行了分析探讨,认为受编辑个体职业道德修养限制、知易行难、不良社会风气侵蚀、缺乏有效的约束机制等因素影响是导致知行背离的主要原因。指出应通过加强编辑道德修养、优化道德环境、完善约束机制等途径来促进编辑职业道德建设,推动出版事业健康发展。     

非农就业、所有权认知与农户承包地退出

为探究非农就业与所有权认知对农户承包地退出的影响,以国内9省1 006份农户抽样数据为基础,在综合分析农户承包地退出成本收益的基础上,利用Probit模型和分组回归方法,考察其对农户承包地退出意愿的作用机制。结果表明：农户的承包地所有权认知与制度规定存在错位,有39.07%的农户认为承包地所有权归农户个人所有,承包地所有权的私有认知降低了农户承包地退出意愿;非农就业程度的升高会降低农户对土地的依赖,这不仅有助于提高农户承包地退出意愿,还在一定程度上缓解了承包地所有权私有认知对承包地退出意愿的负面影响。控制内生性后,非农就业对承包地退出意愿的促进作用增强。因此,要提升农户承包地退出意愿,应从引导农户形成正确的承包地所有权认知及提高农户非农就业水平两方面入手,并在此过程中完善城乡社会保障体系,解除退地农户后顾之忧。     

破坏植物资源犯罪中违法性认识问题案例探析

破坏植物资源犯罪属于法定犯的范畴,基于“知法推定”立场的违法性认识不要说观点已难以适用。对于违法性认识定位问题,我国学界和大陆法系国家都存在“故意说”与“责任说”的分歧。由于故意说存在逻辑和体系上的缺陷,将违法性认识作为责任要素更为合理。在破坏植物资源犯罪的司法实践中,建议将违法性认识作为责任阻却事由进行考察。考虑到违法性认识在证明中的困难,实践中建议采用违法性认识可能性,即违法性认识错误的可避免性作为判断标准。对于违法性认识错误不可避免性的认定须具备两点,即行为人对破坏植物资源行为的违法性存在认识困难以及为避免错误,行为人曾努力查明法律。     

The face of animal cognition

As an increasing number of researchers investigate the cognitive abilities of an ever‐wider range of animals, animal cognition is currently among the most exciting fields within animal behavior. Tinbergen would be proud: all four of his approaches are being pursued and we are learning much about how animals collect information and how they use that information to make decisions for their current and future states as well as what animals do not perceive or choose to ignore. Here I provide an overview of this productivity, alighting only briefly on any single example, to showcase the diversity of species, of approaches and the sheer mass of research effort currently under way. We are getting closer to understanding the minds of other animals and the evolution of cognition at an increasingly rapid rate.     

Inference by exclusion in the red‐tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii)

Inference by exclusion is the ability to select a given option by excluding the others. When designed appropriately, tests of this ability can reveal choices that cannot be explained by associative processes. Over the past decade, exclusion reasoning has been explored in several non‐human taxonomic groups, including birds, mainly in Corvids and Parrots. To increase our understanding of the taxonomic distribution of exclusion reasoning and, therefore, its evolution, we investigated exclusion performances in red‐tailed black cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus banksii), an Australian relative of the Goffin cockatoo (Cacatua goffini), using a food‐finding task. Cockatoos were required to find a food item hidden in 1 of the 2 experimenter's hands. Following training sessions in which they reliably selected the closed baited hand they had just been shown open, each individual was tested on 4 different conditions. Critical to demonstrating exclusion reasoning was the condition in which they were shown the empty hand and then offered a choice of both closed hands. The performance of all birds was above chance on all experimental conditions but not on an olfactory and/or cuing control condition. The results suggest that the birds might be able to infer by exclusion, although an explanation based on rule learning cannot be excluded. This first experiment in red‐tailed black cockatoo highlights the potential of this species as a model to study avian cognition and paves the pathway for future investigations.     

从认知角度阐释英语性别语言标记的非对称现象

认知理论(包括象似性理论、范畴化)可以对英语性别语言标记的非对称现象做出解释,从而揭示出性别歧视背后的认知根源。     

B2B电子商务系统的技术接受模型及实证研究

在技术接受模型(TAM)的基础上,增加了主观规范、工作相关度、不确定性避免、系统响应时间等外部变量,在认知层面增加了可靠认知变量,提出了B2B电子商务系统的技术接受模型,并进行了实证分析和检验。研究发现,主管规范、工作相关度、系统响应时间是影响用户对B2B电子商务系统的有用认知、易用认知和可靠认知的重要因素。