The effect of NPK fertilizer with different nitrogen solubility on growth,nutrient uptake and use by chrysanthemum

The effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizer with different nitrogen forms on N, P, K use, uptake and growth of potted chrysanthemum plants during three vegetation phases was observed in two - years experiment. In the experiment, NPK fertilizer with slow soluble nutrients with different nitrogen forms: ureaform, (IBDU) isobutyledenediurea and melamin, was used. At control treatment the identical fertilizer was applied but the nitrogen was in ammonia and urea forms as usually used in horticulture. The experiment clearly showed the positive effect of NPK fertilizer containing half nitrogen amount in ureaform, on growth and plant nutrient uptake. This effect of nitrogen ureaform was confirmed by both the highest uptake of N, P, K and the highest yield of biomass. The NPK fertilizer with half nitrogen content in ureaform ensured optimal nutrient release according chrysanthemum nutrient requirement.     

菊楂决明饮单煎和共煎对化学成分及抗氧化活性的影响

目的：考察菊楂决明饮中山楂、决明子（炒决明子）、菊花配伍单煎液与共煎液的化学成分及抗氧化活性差异。方法：采用紫外分光光度法测定总黄酮、总蒽醌的含量;采用酸碱滴定法测定总酸的含量;采用HPLC法测定山楂酸、大黄酚、橙黄决明素、绿原酸、木犀草苷、3,5-O-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸的含量。结果：山楂单煎液的总黄酮含量为 {1.63% }、总酸含量为5.44%、山楂酸含量为2.37%、对DPPH自由基的清除率为46.49%;决明子单煎液的总黄酮含量为0.54%、总蒽醌含量为0.27%、大黄酚含量为0.14%、橙黄决明素含量为 {0.52% }、对DPPH自由基的清除率为3.53%;炒决明子单煎液的总黄酮含量为0.52%、总蒽醌含量为0.29%、大黄酚含量为0.22%、橙黄决明素含量为0.56%、对DPPH自由基的清除率为25.07%;菊花单煎液的总黄酮含量为1.65%、绿原酸含量为 {0.99% }、木犀草苷含量为 {0.30% }、3,5-O-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量为2.65%、对DPPH自由基的清除率为45.89%;山楂、决明子、菊花共煎液总黄酮含量为2.62%、总酸含量为 {4.12% }、总蒽醌含量为0.25%、山楂酸含量为1.25%、大黄酚含量为0.16%、橙黄决明素含量为0.56%、绿原酸含量为 {3.01% }、木犀草苷含量为0.48%、3,5-O-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量为3.97%、对DPPH自由基的清除率为25.92%;山楂、炒决明子、菊花共煎液总黄酮含量为2.56%、总酸含量为 {3.94% }、总蒽醌含量为0.24%、山楂酸含量为0.43%、大黄酚含量为0.33%、橙黄决明素含量为1.00%、绿原酸含量为4.12%、木犀草苷含量为 {0.60% }、3,5-O-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量为4.74%、对DPPH自由基的清除率为44.51%。结论：山楂、决明子、菊花共煎后,与单煎液相比,总黄酮、大黄酚、橙黄决明素、绿原酸、木犀草苷、3,5-O-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量均升高;总酸、总蒽醌、山楂酸含量都有不同程度降低,对DPPH自由基清除率与单煎液相当。     

菊花幼嫩花瓣愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生

以菊花幼嫩花瓣作为供体材料,ＭＳ作为基本培养基,在激素组合为６ＢＡ１～３ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ或２,４ Ｄ１～３ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＫＴ１ｍｇ／Ｌ的范围内均能诱导出愈伤组织,但以ＭＳ附加６ＢＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ和ＮＡＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ的诱导率最高,可达１００％。将愈伤组织转移到ＭＳ＋６ＢＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０２ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上,分化芽的频率为７７８％。将３ｃｍ左右的茎段转移到不含激素的ＭＳ培养基或ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０１ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上,生根率可达９５％以上。     

菊属7个种的人工种间杂交试验

该文选择菊属（Ｄｅｎｄｒａｎｔｈｅｍａ（ＤＣ）ＤｅｓＭｏｕｌ．）７个野生种进行了正交设计的人工种间杂交试验，对各种间杂交结实率及杂种Ｆ１植株的形态变异进行了分析，研究结果表明：染色体倍性相同或相近的种间杂交结实率较高；毛华菊（Ｄ．ｖｅｓｔｉｔｕｍ）与野菊（Ｄ．ｉｎｄｉｃｕｍ）种间杂交较易成功，且能获得较多具明显形态变异的Ｆ１植株，而以紫花野菊（Ｄ．ｚａｗａｄｓｋｉｉ）为亲本的杂交组合结实率低且仅有较少具变异形态的杂种苗，此外，还对种间杂交在菊属植物进化中的作用进行了讨论，旨在为探讨菊花起源奠定基础。     

南京地被小菊应用现状分析及引种小菊品种的性状比较

对南京目前地被小菊的应用现状进行分析,引种国庆小菊和秋小菊品种共14个,对其部分观赏性状进行观测和统计分析,并筛选可以用作地被种植的品种。结果表明,国庆小菊和秋小菊分别有3个和8个品种具有更加优良的观赏性状,可以在南京用作园林绿化上种植的地被植物。     

鲜切菊花品种‘Cedis’多头小菊和‘Country’多头菊养分需求特性研究

以设施栽培鲜切菊花主栽品种荷兰多头小菊‘Cedis’和多头菊‘Country’为研究对象,比较其鲜切菊花产量、观赏性状和对氮磷钾养分吸收、累积特性,以期为设施鲜切菊花优质生产和科学施肥提供依据。结果表明:两品种的产量无显著差异,多头小菊‘Cedis’的采收率和高等级鲜切花比例显著高于多头菊‘Country’,而鲜样质量和株高则以多头菊‘Country’较高。多头小菊‘Cedis’的氮和钾需求量显著高于多头菊‘Country’,分别高10.80%和35.03%,而磷需求量两者无显著差异。多头小菊‘Cedis’的养分吸收量为KNP,而多头菊‘Country’为NKP。移栽30~45 d时(茎生长期—花芽分化期),鲜切荷兰菊氮、磷、钾阶段累积量最大。     

切花菊周年生产栽培技术

根据多年的切花菊栽培技术开发研究,总结出一套实用的栽培技术.包括品种选择、茬口安排、种苗培育、栽培管理、病虫害防治、采收包装等方面,对实现切花菊周年生产有重要的意义.     

Chimerical structure and carotenoid inheritance in Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.)

Summary Progeny analysis showed that yellow-flowered chrysanthemum sports with carotenoid only in L1 are indistinguishable from their white progenitors in breeding behaviour; those with carotenoid in L2 breed quite differently. Chimerical structure has, therefore, to be considered when analysing flower colour inheritance data. Segregations were consistent with the action of the single dominant gene I. Such simply inherited characters may be useful in studies to distinguish between the several alternative patterns of inheritance which can be suggested in the species.     

菊花花芽分化期超微弱发光及生理代谢的变化

 研究了菊花花芽分化期超微弱发光（UWL）,呼吸速率和ATP、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量的变化。结果表明,菊花花芽分化起动期（II）与未分化期（I）相比,UWL强度增加119.3%,呼吸速率提高102.4%,ATP含量增加148.6%,可溶性糖增加95.5%,可溶性蛋白增加18.3%;在总苞鳞片分化期（III）、小花原基分化期（IV）和花冠形成期（V）,UWL强度、呼吸速率和ATP含量逐渐下降,可溶性糖在IV和V期下降幅度很大并接近对照水平,可溶性蛋白在II、III和IV期保持较高水平,在V期下降幅度较大,但仍比对照增加14.0%;而长日照处理的对照菊花UWL强度、呼吸速率以及ATP、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量基本保持较稳定水平。显示菊花花芽分化期叶片UWL水平与呼吸速率和能量代谢密切相关。