珠母贝糖胺聚糖的纯化及其化学性质

珠母贝糖胺聚糖粗制品经吸附、等电点沉淀、醇沉、溴化十六浣基三甲铵（ＣＴＡＢ）络合等进行分离纯化,得一糖胺聚糖级分。经醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳显示为单一区带。化学组成分析表明：该级分氨基已糖含量较高（７１．３％）,其中以氨基半乳糖为（５９％）,含量少量的乙糖醛酸,含硫酸基、半乳糖、岩藻糖。元素分析表明其碳、氢、氮、硫的含量分别为３７．７％、５．８％、３．０％。对级分的残余氨基酸分析表明,８４．２％氨基酸已     

2015年靖海湾及五垒岛湾海域表层海水化学要素时空分布特征及潜在富营养化评价

于2015年春季、夏季及秋季3个航次对威海南部靖海湾及五垒岛湾海域进行表层海水水质调查并进行了富营养化评价。结果表明:调查海域表层海水水质符合二类水质标准,受磷限制影响;叶绿素-a春季航次(0.660μg/L)含量偏低,夏季航次(0.808mg/L)达到最高值;溶解氧春季航次(10.711mg/L)高于夏季航次(8.940mg/L)及秋季航次(8.678mg/L),近岸区域出现低值区;无机氮秋季航次(0.146mg/L)最高,活性磷酸盐(0.013mg/L)及化学需氧量(1.316mg/L)夏季航次最高,三者受外源河流输入的影响呈现从近岸区域向外海逐渐降低的趋势;活性硅酸盐主要受海洋本底的影响;夏秋航次在靖海湾河流入海口区域出现富营养化状态。     

Apparent digestibility of protein, energy, and amino acids in some selected feed ingredients for pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus

The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of amino acids (AA), protein, and energy in six feed ingredients (Brazilian fish meal, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, alcoholic yeast, corn, and wheat bran) we evaluated for pacu juveniles. In general, all ingredients showed high digestibility values for all AA, and differences among ADCs of individual amino acid were detected ( P  < 0.01). Corn gluten, soybean, and fish meals had the highest ADCs of AA. The ADCs of protein in fish meal, yeast, and corn gluten meal should not be used as AA digestibility indicators, because those showed differences up to 6.7% between the ADCs of protein and AA. All ingredients had lower ADCs of energy than corn gluten meal ( P  < 0.01). Lysine was the first limiting amino acid in fish meal, corn gluten meal, wheat bran, and corn, and the second limiting amino acid in soybean meal, as methionine was the first limiting amino acid in soybean meal and yeast. However, the soybean meal was the best quality protein source, as it had the highest digestible essential amino acid index. This demonstrated that digestible amino acid values can be used to formulate practical diets for pacu, preventing potential deficiencies or excess that might cause environmental and economic losses.     

Seasonal Changes in Quality and Fatty Acid Composition of Black Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

The study was designed to assess the seasonal variations in the quality and lipid profile of mussel meat (Mytilus galloprovincialis) harvested along the Bulgarian coast of the Black Sea. The trial period lasted from June to October, and the sampling was carried out in the area of Varna Bay. Technological quality of the mussels was determined by measuring the water holding capacity (WHC) and cooking and roasting losses. Proximate composition, total aerobic plate count, and fatty acid analysis were carried out. Technological parameters and nutritional quality of the mussel meat were strongly affected by the season. During the summer, the mussels had higher mass, meat content, and meat yield (p < 0.001) compared to the early autumn, which corresponds to the lowest protein content during this season. Lipid profile showed seasonal variations in both individual and total fatty acid amounts (p < 0.001). Saturated fatty acids (SFA) had the highest content in summer, while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) decreased gradually until the autumn. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reached its peak in October, contributing to the most favorable values of the nutritional indices of lipids in the early autumn.     

三沙湾海域化学需氧量（COD）分布特征及相关性分析

2012年5月和11月对三沙湾海域水质化学需氧量( COD)进行大面积调查研究,结果表明,2012年三沙湾海域COD含量变化范围为0．52~2．13 mg/L,平均含量为0．94 mg/L;水平分布特征呈西北侧向东南水域逐渐递减的趋势,白马港海域COD含量最高;秋季高于春季;平均COD含量能达到一类海水水质标准要求;化学需氧量与活性硅酸盐、无机氮、总氮及悬浮物呈极显著正相关;与pH值、盐度呈极显著负相关。     

镉在海藻中的化学形态

利用化学试剂逐步提取法研究了紫菜、海带、裙带菜和羊栖菜中镉的存在化学形态。研究结果表明:镉以多种化学形态存在于4种海藻中,1 mol/L氯化钠提取态镉和 2% 醋酸提取态的镉所占比例较大,两者约占总镉含量的76.3%～92.9%。0.6 mol/L盐酸提取态、去离子水提取态和80%乙醇提取态镉所占比例较小,其中乙醇提取态(离子态镉)约仅占总镉含量的0.4%～9.2%,且对于4种海藻,紫菜中的离子态镉所占比例最低(均小于1%)。实验进一步证实以海藻中总镉含量作为检测标准不能准确反映海藻及其制品的食用安全性,因此亟需建立海藻中针对毒性较强的离子态镉的检测标准限量和快速有效的检测方法,以保障我国海藻产业和出口创汇经济的顺利发展。     

草鱼干扰素的分离纯化及某些理化和生物学特性

通过ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ阴离子交换层析、Ｓｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌ Ｓ－２００凝胶层析、高效液相层析和梯度聚丙烯酰张胶电泳等技术,对病毒诱生的草鱼血清干扰素进行了分离纯化。纯化的草鱼干扰素在ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中呈现单一组份,分子量为３８ｋＤ,等电点为５．２５,过碘酸－Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ试剂反应表现为典型的糖蛋白染色特征。理化和生物学特性研究表明,草鱼干扰素具有１０００００ｇ（２ｈ）离心不沉降、耐     

单级生物接触氧化法去除海水养殖废水中的无机氮

利用在填料上人工接种微生物组成的浸没式生物接触氧化单级处理系统对养殖废水进行净化,效果良好。在试验水体体积与处理系统体积之比约为100∶1的情况下,对氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮起始质量浓度分别为4.0 mg/L、1.76 mg/L、800 mg/L,COD质量浓度为16.33 mg/L的养殖废水进行处理,发现处理系统中进行着强烈的硝化和反硝化作用:处理30 h,氨氮质量浓度下降并一直保持在0.1 mg/L;亚硝酸盐氮浓度48 h内,前6 h从1.76 mg/L短暂上升到2.24 mg/L,然后持续下降,最低到0.22 mg/L;对硝酸盐氮的反硝化作用能力也很强,经48 h处理,硝酸盐氮质量浓度从800 mg/L下降到180 mg/L。根据对处理过程中的水质测定,浸没式生物接触氧化单级处理试验系统具有较强的生物脱氮能力。     

植物诱导抗病技术的发展现状

对植物诱导抗病技术进行了综述;针对生物诱导因子、物理诱导因子和化学诱导因子,分析了各种诱导因子的特征和应用;指出了植物诱导抗病性研究的现状和问题;并对诱导抗病性的应用和发展方向做作了概括.     

大果沙棘籽和油的理化成分研究

本文对采于新疆青河的大果沙棘籽进行了理化指标的分析研究。结果表明：大果沙棘籽在粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量上优于中国沙棘,在脂肪酸组成、维生素E含量上与中国沙棘无明显区别。该结果为大果沙棘籽的进一步开发利用奠定了基础。