电站锅炉沼气点火装置的研究与设计

详细阐述了电站锅炉沼气点火装置的喷嘴,引射器及烧嘴的设计计算与稳定火焰的方法。应用结果表明,该点火装置火焰温度高,适应性强,使用经济,操作方便,在电站锅炉无油,少油点火方面有着广阔的应用前景。     

一种多功能食品加工机的研讨

在食品加工中,各单元操作已使用各种形式的操作单机。如和面机、搅拌机、打蛋机、绞肉机等。目前,像饮食行业和职工食堂等部门,由于加工批量不大,采用单机操作,则机械利用率低,且投资大,管理和使用不方便。如果用一台具有多种功能的加工机代替各种单机,是有一定的经济和实用价值的。因此,我国已开始研制多种功能食品加工机。为了交流信息,加速多功能食品加工机的发展,本文介绍一种具有和面、拌肉馅、打蛋花、打奶酪、绞肉末、挤面条等多种功能的食品机。 并扼要说明该机的整体结构和传动系统,及进行不同作业时所选用的各种附件的结构和工作原理。     

卵磷脂桶混助剂的特性及其在防治稻飞虱中对氟啶虫胺腈的协同增效作用

为明确新型卵磷脂类桶混助剂“融透”的特性,采用透射电镜和激光粒度分析仪表征了其物理性质,并通过室内生物测定和田间药效试验测定了其在防治稻飞虱中对氟啶虫胺腈的协同增效作用。结果表明,“融透”中含有圆形脂质体,Z平均粒径为129.5 nm。室内生物测定结果表明,“融透”可使氟啶虫胺腈对褐飞虱的毒力增加1.67倍。田间药效试验表明,“融透”可使氟啶虫胺腈对稻飞虱的防效提高9.04%~41.77%;当氟啶虫胺腈减量40%时,添加“融透”的处理对稻飞虱的防效与未添加“融透”的常量组相当。研究结果表明,卵磷脂桶混助剂“融透”可以通过形成脂质体提高药剂的利用率,从而达到增效的作用。     

A rapid extensigraph protocol for measuring dough viscoelasticity and mixing requirement

The extensigraph is particularly useful in characterizing dough viscoelastic properties; however, testing throughput for standard method is low due to the prerequisite for farinograph water absorption, long dough resting and milling to prepare large amounts of flour. Therefore, a rapid extensigraph method was developed that reduced sample size (165 g wheat) for milling and more than tripled throughput. Wheat is milled in Quadrumat Junior mill with a modified sieving system. The resulting flour (100 g) was mixed with a pin mixer at constant water absorption to allow the evaluation of wheat genotypes at the absorption level they are expected to perform. Dough was subsequently stretched by an extensigraph after 15 min of floor time and 30 min resting. Strong correlations for extensigram R_max (r > 0.93), extensibility (r > 0.64) and area (r > 0.88) were found for the proposed method compared to the standard method. Mixing parameters (time and energy) obtained during dough preparation provided further information about dough strength and mixing requirement. By significantly reducing sample size requirement and increasing testing throughput, this rapid extensigraph method can be widely adopted in milling and baking industry and meets the need for a fast evaluation of dough strength in breeding trials.     

Combined mutations in five wheat STARCH BRANCHING ENZYME II genes improve resistant starch but affect grain yield and bread-making quality

Increases in the proportion of amylose in the starch of wheat grains result in higher levels of resistant starch, a fermentable dietary fiber associated with human health benefits. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of combined mutations in five STARCH BRANCHING ENZYME II (SBEII) genes on starch composition, grain yield and bread-making quality in two hexaploid wheat varieties. Significantly higher amylose (∼60%) and resistant starch content (10-fold) was detected in the SBEII mutants than in the wild-type controls. Mutant lines showed a significant decrease in total starch (6%), kernel weight (3%) and total grain yield (6%). Effects of the mutations in bread-making quality included increases in grain hardness, starch damage, water absorption and flour protein content; and reductions in flour extraction, farinograph development and stability times, starch viscosity, and loaf volume. Several traits showed significant interactions between genotypes, varieties, and environments, suggesting that some of the negative impacts of the combined SBEII mutations can be ameliorated by adequate selection of genetic background and growing location. The deployment of wheat varieties with increased resistant starch will likely require economic incentives to compensate growers and millers for the significant reductions detected in grain and flour yields.     

生物柴油搅拌装置的设计

生物柴油制备器械很多,但制备过程中油料预混合及配套加热器械却很少。为了进一步完善现今这一领域的不足,设计了一种适用于生物柴油的油料搅拌装置。为此,阐述了该装置的主要结构、工作原理和主要技术参数,并以200r/min的转速为标准,运用gambit进行图形绘制和网格划分,采用fluent软件对该机内部流场进行仿真分析,验证了其转速的合理性。基于STC89C51单片机和DS18B20的温度传感技术,设计了一种温度控制装置,可在生物柴油制备过程中使油料更好地进行预混合和加热,从而提高了生物柴油的制备效率和质量,减少了操作时间。     

基于Fuzzy-Smith控制器的营养液pH值调控系统研究

pH值的控制是水肥一体化营养液循环控制系统的重要环节,水肥控制过程中pH值在最优控制范围内有利于根系的发育以及多数矿物质的吸收。营养液调控过程中,由于循环管路以及酸液的缓慢扩散,使得pH值调节过程存在很大的时滞,传统PID难以取得良好效果。本研究根据被控对象特点,建立了描述该过程的数学模型,设计开发了一套具有二次混肥特性的以MSP430单片机为主控的营养液pH值控制系统。由于参数自整定模糊PID不需要精确数学模型以及Smith预估可对纯滞后进行补偿的特点,开发的系统将参数自整定模糊PID控制引入Smith预估当中,既缓解了滞后时间对控制系统的影响,又对模型的不精确性进行了补偿。为了验证该算法以及系统的有效性和优越性,分别对PID、Fuzzy-Smith控制算法进行仿真测试,同时在不同灌溉量下进行性能试验。试验结果表明,在不同灌溉量下Fuzzy-Smith控制算法pH值的平均最大超调量为0.83%,营养液pH值从8.0调节为6.0的平均时间为157s,优于常规PID控制的2.55%和189s。     

刮板式有机肥条铺与旋耕混合施肥机设计与试验

针对果园有机肥人工施肥量不准确、施肥不均匀等问题,本文根据施肥农艺要求,设计了一种有机肥条铺与旋耕混合施肥机。该装置采用刮板式结构,通过圆环链带动刮板向前排肥,将有机肥呈条状铺撒在地表,通过旋耕装置将其与土壤混合。通过计算确定了施肥装置最大开口高度、肥箱容积等结构参数,分析了上、下层有机肥排肥过程。以排肥口开口高度、前进速度、链轮转速和刮板间距为试验因素进行离散元仿真试验,以有机肥相对误差和变异系数为评价指标,对排肥过程工作参数进行优化求解,得到最优参数组合：开口高度为53.17 mm、前进速度为2.8 km/h、链轮转速为15.96 r/min、刮板间距为160 mm。在最优工作条件下进行试验验证,得到有机肥平均排肥量为5.099 kg/m²,与理论施肥量相对误差为4.5%,变异系数为8.8%,表明仿真优化结果可靠,排肥量准确且排肥均匀性较好,该施肥装置施肥性能较优。在旋耕混合试验中,通过测定得到上层有机肥混合比例为11.83%,下层有机肥混合比例为6.29%,表明经过旋耕后,能够实现土肥混合效果,上层土肥混合比例高于下层。     

水泥电杆搬运栽杆机研究

在分析水泥电杆规格、传统搬运栽杆技术要求和方法及其不足的基础上,以叉车车身为基础,对专用的栽杆工作装置进行总体和主要机构设计.工作装置主要由夹持装置、旋转盘、提升机构(门架装置)、垂直度调整机构组成.水泥电杆搬运栽杆机的工作过程由装夹、提起、水平移动、提高、旋转、对准、扦插等组成,实现了一机多用,提高了水泥电杆搬运栽杆...     

原汁比例对复合果蔬汁感官品质的影响

运用Mixture—D—Optimal设计,以糖酸比为响应值,研究了草莓、番茄、胡萝卜和葡萄4种原汁的不同复合配比对其混合成品风味等感官品质的影响。结果表明,最优配方为草莓汁10％、番茄汁10％、胡萝卜汁38％和葡萄汁42％,相应的复合果蔬汁糖酸比为45．04。应用模糊数学法对复合果蔬汁感官评定分析后显示：4种原汁按上述配比生产的复合果蔬汁易为消费者接受。