径向谐和激励下圆形隧道衬砌的动力稳定性

对径向谐和激励下圆形隧道的动力稳定性进行了研究,从动荷载下衬砌结构的振动方程出发,得到了隧道衬砌动力失稳临界频率计算公式,对可能影响隧道衬砌动力稳定性的因素进行了参数分析,探讨了系统参数,如地基土的性质、衬砌径厚比、外激励的性质以及系统的阻尼对衬砌动力稳定性的影响,计算结果表明：隧道周围土体的性质以及系统阻尼对衬砌的动力稳定性影响不大;相反,衬砌的厚度和外激励特性对衬砌的动力不稳定区域影响较大     

灌溉渠系流量最优调配的0-1规划模型

本文根据灌溉配水渠系的运行特点,提出在一定轮期和来水流量限制条件下实现下级配水渠最优组合及其配水时间最优排序的一种0-1规划模型,实例运算表明,这种方法可有效减少无效弃水和闸门调节次数,同时对渠道横断面的设计有参考意义。     

光肩星天牛与黄斑星天牛幼虫消化道外形比较

黄斑星天牛消化道比光肩星天牛的较短,尤其以中肠明显。黄斑星天牛中肠膨大部分比光肩星天牛长而且皱褶多。     

Influence of Construction Defect on the Performance of Lining in Hydraulic Tunnels

In the construction of hydraulic tunnel, the engineering quality problem is often caused by concrete cracks and insufficient thickness of roof lining. This problem attracted great attention of the most engineers that whether the structure performance of this kind of lining can meet the design criteria or not, especially under unfavorable conditions. Based on the on site inspections of the lining defects in Baishanzui tunnels, the model and size of the defects are analyzed with FLAC program. The study shows that the defects have obvious adverse influence on the stability and safety of the tunnel lining, however, if a backfilling grouting is carried out and the cracks are repaired, the integrality of lining is restored, the behavior of lining will be improved and can meet the design criteria as well.      

典型小型灌区渠系老化对农田灌溉的影响-以贵州省乌中灌区为例

乌中灌区是贵州省的大型灌区之一,灌区工程多修建于上世纪50至70年代。至今,大多渠道老化难以正常工作,渠系老化率平均达0.55;灌区有效灌溉面积锐减,现状有效灌溉面积为设计灌溉面积的37%-54%,其中改种占相当比例;灌溉水利用系数较低,在0.39—0.42之间。本文以5个典型样点灌区为例,分析渠系老化对农田灌溉的影响。     

Endoscopic anatomy of the cervical vertebral canal in the horse: a cadaver study

Reason for performing study: Localisation of spinal cord compression in horses with cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy is inexact. Vertebral canal endoscopy has been used in man to localise spinal cord lesions and has the potential to become a useful diagnostic technique in horses. Objective: To establish a surgical approach via the atlanto‐occipital space to the cervical vertebral canal in equine cadavers and describe the endoscopic anatomy of the cervical epidural and subarachnoid spaces. Methods: The cadavers of 25 mature horses were used to assess 3 surgical methods to approach the cervical vertebral canal, including 2 minimally invasive and one open technique. Once the approach had been made, a flexible videoendoscope was inserted into the epidural space (epiduroscopy) or the subarachnoid space (myeloscopy) and advanced caudally until the intervertebral space between C7 and T1 was reached. Results: The epidural and subarachnoid spaces could not be accessed reliably using the minimally invasive techniques. Furthermore, damage to the nervous tissues was a frequent complication with these procedures. The open approach allowed successful insertion of the videoendoscope into the epidural and subarachnoid spaces in all horses and no inadvertent damage was observed. Anatomical structures that could be seen in the epidural space included the dura mater, nerve roots, fat and the ventral internal vertebral venous plexus. In the subarachnoid space, the spinal cord, nerve roots, blood vessels, denticulate ligaments and external branch of the accessory nerve were seen. Conclusions: Using the open approach, epiduroscopy and myeloscopy over the entire length of the cervical vertebral canal are possible in the mature horse. Potential relevance: Cervical vertebral canal endoscopy may become a valuable tool to localise the site of spinal cord injury in horses with cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy and could aid in the diagnosis of other diseases of the cervical spinal cord.     

黄河下游引黄灌区渠道水利用系数估算方法

以山东簸箕李引黄灌区为例，根据3种实测方法得到的渠道渗漏水量损失观测数据，利用理论方法确定渠床渗透系数和地下水顶托修正系数。在对干渠以下各级渠道进行概化分类的基础上，采用回归分析方法建立灌区干渠以下各级渠道渗漏水量损失与流量间的相关关系，给出依据渠道流量估算渠道水利用系数的经验公式。由于该估算方法仅根据渠道流量即可获得相应的渠道水利用系数，故具有简便可行、实用性强的显著特点，为黄河下游灌区制定灌溉输配水计划提供了合理依据。     

渠灌类型区农业高效用水项目区(杨陵)调查报告

通过对渠灌类型区农业高效用水科技产业示范项目区的自然、社会、经济、水资源的供需状况以及节水灌溉的发展现状进行调查,分析了灌区目前在节水灌溉和农业高效用水方面存在的主要问题,为该项目的有效实施提供了科学依据     

大型泄洪洞衬砌混凝土施工期温度场和温度应力的仿真计算

【目的】探明地下衬砌混凝土出现裂缝的原因,研究进一步采取综合温控措施防裂的有效性和合理性。【方法】结合工程实际情况,在考虑混凝土热力学参数随混凝土龄期的变化,以及坝体分层浇筑过程对温度应力影响的基础上,利用大型有限元软件对泄洪洞衬砌施工过程中的温度场和温度应力进行了三维仿真计算。【结果】仿真结果给出了衬砌混凝土温度场、温度应力分布及其随时间变化的规律,即于开浇后的第2天达到最大温度值,第3天即开始出现较大拉应力值,而极值出现在中后期。【结论】在混凝土浇筑过程中,应采取降低浇筑温度等措施;在浇筑后的10~28 d温降期间,要对混凝土表面施行流水养护等温控措施,严格各项施工规范。     

油气田管道HDPE内衬技术的应用

随着国内外油气田的深度开发,介质工况愈发复杂苛刻,高密度聚乙烯(High Density Polyethylene,HDPE)内衬技术是控制油气田地面集输系统及注水系统腐蚀泄漏、延长管道服役寿命的重要措施之一。基于等径压缩HDPE管的内衬原理,结合国内外标准规范,从设计、施工、经济性3方面进行对比分析,提出了HDPE内衬管的材料性能要求、HDPE内衬技术的适用工况、内衬管与基管的结合形式、放空口设计原则,以及基于安装和存储最小壁厚、内衬层稳定性和抗塌陷强度三个方面确定的HDPE内衬管壁厚。对比了不同HDPE内衬管技术的接头形式,提出优先考虑法兰连接方式。介绍了HDPE内衬技术的施工安装工序和热煨弯头内衬的形式,并对施工质量控制关键点和要求进行总结。对比不同油气田管道选材方案的经济性,以期推动HDPE内衬管在油气田管道的应用,从而更好地解决管道腐蚀泄漏问题。