Fine structure and differentiation of the alimentary canal in captive-bred Japanese eel Anguilla japonica preleptocephali

ABSTRACT:   The fine structure of the alimentary canal in preleptocephali produced by artificially matured Japanese eel was examined. At 1 day posthatch (dph), the alimentary canal was found only above the dorsal side of the yolk mass, and the epithelium was composed of a single layer of epithelial cells. By 5 dph, the alimentary canal was divided into three segments based on the structure of the epithelial cells: foregut, midgut and hindgut, corresponding to the future esophagus, intestine and rectum, respectively. After 7 dph, the epithelium in the foregut was surrounded by a circular muscle layer, suggesting a role in the transportation of food materials. The epithelial cells of the midgut exhibited well-developed membranous structures, which are deduced to be invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane. Pinocytotic invaginations and vacuoles were observed in the epithelial cells of the hindgut; this observation suggests that this region is involved in the uptake of food. Significant changes in morphological features of the epithelial cells in each segment were observed until 7 dph; however, these were not evident between 7 dph and 13 dph. Consequently, the differentiation of the alimentary canal was completed by 7 dph, and preleptocephalus had developed the ability to absorb food by 7 dph.     

引黄济津应急调水工程河北段输水能力计算

针对引黄济津应急调水工程河北段的输水能力进行了研究。渠段的输水能力是指渠段所能通过的最大入流量，即渠段的首端断面所能通过的最大流量。根据引黄济津应急调水工程近4年的实测数据，构建了适于干河床水流推进过程渗漏损失的改进模型、小水深情况下的糙率加大模型，并采用均匀试验优选方法对水力参数进行了反演，利用非恒定流模型对引黄济津河北段渠系输水能力进行了计算。结果表明，建立的渗漏损失改进模型、小水深情况下的糙率加大模型是合理的，反演得到的参数是精确的；由于在水流推进与涨水阶段渠床的非稳定渗漏起了较大作用，所以各渠段的输水能力在非稳定输水阶段比稳定输水阶段稍大。输水能力的计算结果可以为引黄济津未来几年的输水规划与调度提供具体的指导。     

南方平原灌区渠道防渗工程规划方案决策分析

针对目前灌区防渗渠道规划的局限性，引入价值工程的概念，并根据南方平原地区灌区的特点，应用计算机模拟技术，通过对渠道的衬砌费用和节水量的模拟计算，得出更为切合实际的灌区防渗渠道投资效益评价指标，从而确定防渗工程的最优布局以及工程实施的先后顺序。     

蒙古绵羊胚胎胚中轴的形成

蒙古绵羊胚胎胚中轴的形成,对各器官系统的发生起着定向发育的作用。原条最初发生于交配后12天23时47分。从胚盘后结开始外胚层表面的中线加厚並向前延伸形成原条。随后,原结、原沟、原窝、头突及神经板相继出现。原条是胚中轴发生的基础。交配后13时5分,原窝底部的头突向前延伸形成管索管。交配后14天15时,脊索在内外胚层间形成空心的脊索管。脊索管的底部与内胚层融合。进而消失开口于卵黄囊,形成临时性的神经肠管。脊索是胚胎椎柱形成的中轴。胚胎的第1对体节,发生于交配后15天3时20分。交配后15天15时35分为3对体节(图1),交配后16天14时3分,已出现6对体节(图2)。此时,体节两侧的间中胚层及侧扳分界清楚。胚内体腔仅见于前肠两侧。体节的发生是胚胎的骨骼、肌肉、及尿殖系统等对称发育的基础。早期的神经扳,大约发生于交配后14天2时20分。当胎胚发育到16天14时3分,神经沟两侧的神经皱逐渐在背中线吻合,形成神经管。神经管是胚体未来中抠神经系统的原基。交配后14天5时至16天14时5分,绒毛膜呈长囊状,长约35cm。卵黄管呈细长的管状,长约30cm。羊膜随胚体发育,比胚体稍宽大。尿囊呈半月形囊,发生于胚胎的后肠。     

内蒙古鄂尔多斯蒙西工业园区供水工程防洪评价

根据项目的实际情况,经现场查看对内蒙古鄂尔多斯蒙西工业园区供水工程多角度分析研究,得出综合评价结论.     

泾河来水来沙对渠首电站运行的影响

针对泾河河流含沙量高,电站运行工况复杂的实际情况,通过分析泾河干流(电站取水口)1994—2009年水文数据,研究了泾河来水来沙变化特点及对电站运行的影响。结果表明,在强烈的区域水土保持措施的作用下,泾河近16a来年径流量和输沙量均呈明显下降趋势;河道来水来沙年内分布极不均匀,汛期来水来沙分别占全年来水来沙量的64.6%和92.6%,尽管来沙量减少但汛期河水含沙量仍然很高。针对泾河来水来沙变化特点,进一步探讨了泾河来水来沙对电站运行的影响,并初步给出了高含沙条件下几种保证电站正常运行的对策。     

Heritable characters of the red blood cells of sheep

Extract

From the start I want to make it clear that the research work described here is the work of one of us (J.V.E.), and the reason why I am presenting his work is that Evans comes from New Zealand and presented a paper on this subject to the annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science last September in Sheffield, so that it seemed appropriate that his work should also be presented to this Society.     

Atrioventricular septal defects: Natural history,echocardiographic, electrocardiographic,and radiographic findings in 26 cats

ObjectivesTo evaluate signalment, echocardiographic, electrocardiographic, and radiographic findings as well as natural history in a group of cats with atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD).Animals26 client owned cats.MethodsMedical records were reviewed retrospectively for signalment, morphologic type of AVSD, presence of concurrent congenital heart disease (ConcCHD), diagnostic findings, and natural history.ResultsSeventeen cats had an isolated AVSD; 13/17 had a partial and 4/17 had a complete AVSD. Double outlet right atrium (DORA) was diagnosed in 4/17 cats. Of those with a partial AVSD, 7/13 had an atrial communication while 6/13 had a ventricular communication. Congestive heart failure (CHF) developed in 5/17 cats; all 3 cats diagnosed with a DORA not lost to follow-up developed pulmonary edema. Sudden death was documented in 4/17 (23.5%). The 5 year survival was 53.0% (9/17). Concurrent congenital heart disease was identified in 9/26 cats with 7/9 having a conotruncal abnormality. Electrocardiography was performed in 14 cats with 11/14 diagnosed with a conduction disturbance.ConclusionsOverall the echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings with AVSD are similar to that seen in humans. Cats may have a higher prevalence than humans of partial AVSD with ventricular communication only as well as a higher prevalence of DORA. Cats with an AVSD have an overall guarded prognosis although some can live for a protracted time.     

Investigation into intraoral approach for nerve block injection at the mental foramen in the horse

Invasive dental procedures performed in the standing, sedated horse are facilitated by local and regional anaesthesia. The traditional transcutaneous approach to the mental foramen is used to desensitise the incisive region including the mandibular incisors, but is not well tolerated by many sedated patients. In this study, a new, intraoral needle insertion technique for nerve block at the mental foramen was investigated. In 15 equine cadaver heads and two live horses, computed tomography (CT) was used to verify Tuohy needle placement into each mental foramen using an intraoral technique. Varying volumes of contrast medium (3, 6, 10 mL) were injected into the mandibular canal with and without digital occlusion of the mental foramen. The distance of retrograde flow was measured. Additionally, measurements were taken to determine the position of the mental foramen within the interdental space. Correct placement of Tuohy needles and injection of contrast medium into the mandibular canal using an intraoral approach at the mental foramen was achieved in all injections. Retrograde flow of contrast medium was accomplished with all volumes, regardless of occlusion. Although not statistically significant, the 10 mL group appeared to have a greater distance of flow. The needle insertion technique described here appears to be a potential alternative to traditional transcutaneous approaches to mental nerve block for procedures involving the incisive region. In addition, it was found that 79% of the mandibular canals injected with 10 mL of contrast medium had retrograde flow to the position of PM4, suggesting this method may be a useful alternative technique for nerve block for the more rostrally located cheek teeth. The location of the mental foramen was consistently found in the distal third of the interdental space (approximately 60–80% of the distance between the distal aspect of the lateral corner incisor and the mesial aspect of the second premolar).     

Strategies to improve manual operation of irrigation systems in Sri Lanka

Improvements to normal operational procedures are investigated for the main types of irrigation system identified in Sri Lanka. Scheduled and unscheduled changes of flow regime the systems are likely to experience and the opportunities for improved operations related to the physical characteristics of each type are analyzed.Performance of several alternative manual operational procedures are evaluated and compared using a hydraulic model (Simulation of Irrigation Canal, SIC) for three different irrigation subsystem types (Single Bank canal; Double Bank canal; Canals with intermediate Storage). Results of these simulations show that current practice, based on a fixed frequency of operation of 12 hrs and a target water depth set to the spill level of the cross-regulator, is not far from the optimal for systems without on-line storage. A slight improvement can be expected if the frequency of operation is increased to 6 hrs. For systems with on-line storage it is recommended to split operational procedures into two parts, one related to the canal and one to the storage. Among different options investigated, discharge control at the downstream regulator of the storage appears to be the most reliable as it performs well whatever operation procedures are selected for the canal.Irrigation systems in Sri Lanka are subject to frequent positive flow changes (Supply fluctuations, Runoff, Return-flow changes). As far as water management is concerned, improvements to be expected from normal operation procedures appear to be somewhat limited because management of flow changes is not an objective. For instance little effort is made to harvest runoff under the current practices. One conclusion of the study is that new strategies for the harvest, storage and release of positive flow changes should be tested and, where appropriate, implemented to improve the overall efficiency of operation in irrigation systems in Sri Lanka.