百合鳞茎解除休眠与花期调控的研究

探讨了亚洲百合杂种系(Asiatic hybrids)‘新中心(Nove Cento)’在12℃冷藏过程中冷处理时间长短与花芽分化、花期调控之间的关系。结果表明:从冷藏开始至60d,冷藏时间越长,鳞茎解除休眠所需时间越短,冷藏45d以上,可完全解除鳞茎休眠;百合的花芽分化从冷藏45d开始,栽植后30d基本完成;冷处理时间越长,百合植株开花越早,花茎越矮,而且还会出现二次抽薹开花的现象。     

Substrate effects on vegetative and reproductive growth of Ornithogalum thyrsoides “Royal Beauty”

The effect of soil amendment with degraded granite or perlite on plant growth of Ornithogalum thyrsoides was investigated in Central Chile. Bulbs were planted in April in raised soil beds under greenhouse. Three different substrates were compared: control (unamended soil), decomposed granite soil (DG) and soil in proportion 1:2, and perlite and soil in proportion 1:2. Soil nutrient availability in all treatments was considered higher than the plant requirements. The plants in the unamended soil had the greatest flower stem diameter, total fresh weight, and aboveground fresh weight. In terms of stem length, inflorescence length, belowground structures fresh weight, and inflorescence fresh weight, perlite with soil had similar results as unamended soil, but never better. Our results indicate that, under the conditions of this experiment, DG or perlite is not recommended for growing O. thyrsoides, since they did not improve either vegetative or reproductive growth.     

野生湖北百合不定芽诱导及再生植株的建立

为了加强野生湖北百合资源保存与利用,选用黔东南州野生湖北百合为材料,鳞茎及茎段为外植体,探讨不同浓度激素配比对其不定芽诱导、增殖及生根的影响。结果表明:诱导不定芽的最佳培养基为MS+1.0mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.5mg·L~(-1) NAA,但茎段诱导不定芽高于鳞片,出芽率分别为66.67%和59.63%,单块外植体出芽个数分别为2和1,且茎段污染率比鳞片的污染率低。茎段诱导最佳增殖培养基为MS+0.1mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+1.0mg·L~(-1) NAA,增殖率为83.33%,平均增殖系数为2.11,其生长状况良好,为最佳增殖培养基。茎段诱导最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+0.3mg·L~(-1) NAA,诱导生根率高达93.33%,平均生根数为3.18。     

东方百合鳞茎低温解除休眠过程中的形态和生理变化

研究了东方百合鳞茎在5℃低温处理下休眠解除过程中的形态和生理变化。结果表明，百合鳞茎内的新芽在冷藏过程中不断伸长，60d后芽生长点距鳞茎端部的距离小于1cm。在冷藏处理过程中，鳞茎的淀粉含量下降明显，可溶性总糖和蔗糖含量增加。在进入冷藏后的前10d内、外层鳞片的淀粉含量均呈极显著下降；品种索蚌至冷藏50d时的可溶性总糖和蔗糖含量达到最大值，然后出现下降趋势，糖分含量的转折点可能与鳞茎萌发有关。     

不同生态型大蒜品种生态特性研究Ⅰ．温度和光周期对大蒜鳞茎形成发育的影响

采用蒜种播前温度处理和鳞芽分化发育期光周期处理法，研究了３个大蒜生态型的３０个品种在北纬３４°１８＇地区秋播时鳞茎的形成及发育状态。结果表明，低温反应敏感型品种在１２ｈ日长下鳞茎发育良好；蒜种播前用３５℃处理４０ｄ，效果较好。低温反应中间型品种在中纬度地区自然日长下鳞茎发育良好；蒜种播前用３５℃处理４０ｄ可增加鳞茎重量。低温反应迟纯型品种在１２ｈ日长下一般不形成鳞茎，日长达１６ｈ虽可形成鳞茎但发育不良；蒜种播前用５℃处理４０ｄ对鳞茎发育有促进作用。     

亚洲百合鳞茎休眠过程中需冷量的研究

以亚洲百合(白天使,普瑞头)为材料,研究了不同低温及不同时间对百合鳞茎解除休眠的效应和百合鳞茎解除休眠的最适需冷量,结果表明:亚洲百合打破休眠的最有效温度为5℃,15℃以上对打破休眠无效,仅白天使对-2℃低温有一定感应,对于0℃、10℃低温,白天使经0℃处理打破休眠效率高于10℃,普瑞头则与之相反;两种百合鳞茎解除休眠的最适需冷量分别为:白天使,1200C.U,普瑞头840C.U     

Identification of tulip cultivars based on polymorphism in esterase isozymes from bulb scales

Summary An efficient procedure for identification of tulip cultivars in dry bulb stage, based on polymorphism in the isozymes of esterase, is described. Out of 91 cultivars (excl. mutants) which were analyzed for their esterase banding patterns, 78 (86%) could be uniquely identified using native PAGE of bulb protein extracts. A group of 14 Darwin hybrids showed strongly resembling banding patterns; they all originate from the same breeder and most likely have the same parents. Mutants could not be discriminated. The esterase patterns were not influenced by type of bulb scale used for extraction (inner vs outer scale), bulb size (mature bulb or clister) and bulb origin (different lots, grown on sand or clay). However, bulb storage did affect the esterase pattern in several cultivars; generally, some bands appeared or became more intense in the lowest region of the banding pattern after storage of the bulbs.     

Angioarchitecture of collateral arteries of the aortic arch of Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus Linnaeus, 1758)

The aortic arrangement is an important structure associated with the maintenance of homeostasis. Based on this information, this study was conducted to describe the collateral arteries of the aortic arch of Antillean manatee and define the standard model for the species. Three specimens, an adult male, adult female and a male neonate, all strandings on the coast of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, were used. The study was performed in the Laboratory of Morphophysiology of Vertebrates of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, where in situ photographs were taken to demonstrate their topography. Subsequently, their hearts were removed and fixed in 10% formaldehyde and after 72 hr were dissected and analysed, obtaining schematic drawings and photographs of the vascular arrangement. The aortic arch was represented by three collateral arteries identified as the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery. This arrangement was similar to that found for other sirenians, and yet, for other mammals like hooded seal, murine, margarita island capuchin, black-handed tamarin, Mongolian gerbil and human. The morphological similarity presented in this study with different species of mammals, including humans, may contribute valuable information from an evolutionary point of view.     

亚高山地区东方百合试管苗移栽及鳞茎培养

笔者在亚高山地区对不同季节移栽百合试管苗及鳞茎培养进行了试验,同时对试管苗移栽后不同栽培管理措施中苗木成活率与生长势进行了比较,在海拔1 000 m左右的亚高山地区春季移栽东方百合试管苗,并采取盖膜、遮光70%的管理措施,试管苗成活率最高,鳞茎生长量也显著高于低海拔地区,在亚高山地区进行东方百合试管苗移栽及鳞茎培养能显...