蒜种贮藏温度和空气湿度对大蒜生理及二次生长的影响

贮藏期间蒜种呼吸增强,乙烯含量降低,低温贮藏促进这些变化;随空气湿度增大,蒜种呼吸及含水量有增加趋势。鳞茎形成过程中鳞茎中游离氨基酸减少,蔗糖和果糖增加,低温贮藏蒜种加快了这一进程。贮藏温度效应大于湿度效应,低温(5℃)和高湿(75％或100％RH)贮藏蒜种对初级生长及二次生长促进最显著。贮藏温度越低,外层型二次生长(SGo)越严重;内层型二次生长(SGi)与蒜种贮藏温度呈‘V’型曲线关系。低温下,高湿贮藏蒜种较低湿(25％或50％RH)贮藏蒜种SGo及SGi均极显著增加。     

贮藏温度对兰州百合生长及鳞茎碳水化合物代谢的影响

以兰州百合为材料,研究了百合种球经不同贮藏温度处理后,植株生长及鳞茎碳水化合物代谢的变化。结果表明:随着贮藏温度的降低,百合各个生育阶段均提前,总生育期缩短,同时百合株高和茎粗的生长加快,叶面积和鳞茎鲜重增加;母鳞茎和新鳞茎淀粉、总可溶性糖含量增加。蔗糖是百合鳞茎内糖分积累和转运的主要形态,其含量变化与总糖变化趋势基本一致。淀粉酶活性变化与淀粉含量变化趋势相反。结合鳞茎鲜重的变化可知,在本试验范围内,2℃贮藏百合种球101d有利于鳞茎发育。     

一种空气相对湿度算法及其编程

通过对湿度查算表湿度、干球温度、干湿球温差数据间关系的分析研究，提出一种根据湿度基准值进行二次线性插值求得湿度测量值的计算方法。对计算准确度、测量范围与基准值设置的关系做了讨论，给出了计算方法的C语言程序。本方法简便、准确，如计算结果四舍五人保留整数，则与湿度查算表数值完全吻合。实验表明：应用此方法的实时测湿系统，其湿度测量精度主要取决于温度测量精度。     

不同产地和生长年限伊贝母地上部位与鳞茎生物碱含量研究

[目的]研究不同产地和生长年限伊贝母地上部位与地下鳞茎总生物碱含量。[方法]采用酸性染料比色法测定总生物碱的含量。[结果]在不同产地和生长年限的伊贝母中,其地上部位与地下鳞茎的生物碱含量存在差异,4年生的伊贝母总生物碱含量比3年和5年的含量高,地上部位中总生物碱含量为地下鳞茎中的1.258~2.870倍,新疆伊犁州新源县中的伊贝母总生物碱含量均比其他产地的总生物碱含量低。[结论]不同产地和生长年限伊贝母中总生物碱含量因产地及生长年限不同而存在差异,但总体上地上部分的总生物碱含量高于地下鳞茎,存在进一步研究与开发的价值。     

百合组培球茎尖剥取技术研究

[目的]研究百合组培球茎尖剥取技术。[方法]对不同直径大小的组培球对百合剥取茎尖的影响及不同大小的茎尖对百合脱毒效果的影响进行研究。[结果]大于0.5 cm的百合组培球适合茎尖剥取;在组培球剥取茎尖过程中,剥取0.4~0.7 mm大小的茎尖适合百合脱毒的培养。[结论]为百合种球生产提供技术支撑。     

Early forcing of narcissus: The effects of lifting date and stage of floral development at the start of cooling

Early Narcissus flowers may be obtained if bulbs are lifted early from the field, warm-stored (35°C) and then cool-stored (9°C) before forcing in a glasshouse. The earliest satisfactory forcing was investigated, in ‘Carlton’ and ‘Fortune’, by lifting weekly from 27 May to 22 June, and storing at 17°C for 0–7 weeks between warm- and cool-storage. Storage at 17°C is usually intercalated to allow the completion of flower differentiation prior to the start of cool storage.After warm-storage, the bulbs lifted on 27 May and 22 June had reached Stages Sp and A2 of flower differentiation, respectively; 5–7 weeks of 17°C-storage were then needed to reach complete flower differentiation (Stage Pc). Cool storage was therefore begun with bulbs ranging from Stage Sp to Stage Pc. The earliest cooled bulbs had progressed only to Stage A2, and all others to Stage Pc, after 14–16 weeks of cool storage. No floral defects (e.g., split paracorolla) were noted in any treatment, but in ‘Carlton’, about half the bulbs lifted on 27 May and stored for 0 or 1 week at 17°C did not yield a flower, due to failure of the scape to elongate and death of the flower bud within the spathe.Duration of the glasshouse period was reduced by later lifting and by longer 17°C-storage, but following lifting on 15 or 22 June and 2 or more weeks at 17°C, differences were trivial. For flowering within 30 days in the glasshouse, 5 or 6 weeks' 17°C-storage was needed with 27 May lifting, reducing to 1 week at 17°C after 22 June lifting. Flowering within 21 glasshouse days was achieved only after 15 or 22 June lifts followed by 4–5 weeks at 17°C. The earliest flowers in ‘Fortune’ (7 November) were produced following 3–5 weeks at 17°C after lifting on 27 May or 1 June, or following 1–2 weeks at 17°C after later lifting. In ‘Carlton’, the earliest flowers (23 November) followed 2–3 weeks at 17°C after lifting between 1 and 15 June, or 0–1 weeks at 17°C after the last lifting date (22 June). Following the use of 3 weeks' 17°C-storage, flowering date was about equal, irrespective of lifting date. However, further extension of 17°C-storage resulted in a delay in flowering date. Scape length increased irregularly with longer storage at 17°C; scapes were taller following later lifting (8–22 June) than following earlier lifting. Differences in flower diameter between treatments were relatively small.     

Cytokinins in iris bulb-scales under flower-inducing conditions

Cytokinin activity was detected by means of the soybean callus test in the scales of Iris hollandica Hoog cultivar ‘Prof. Blaauw’ during the cold treatment for flower formation. A component of the biological activity extracted from the bulb scales coeluted with zeatin riboside when subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography. It is suggested that the cytokinins in the scales may be involved in flower formation.     

番红花种球定量留芽增产效果研究简报

为实现番红花球茎高产,提高繁殖率,开展了番红花种球定量留芽田间试验。结果表明:26～30 g的大球茎留3芽、18～25 g的中球茎留2芽、18 g以下的小球茎留1芽为合理留芽量。     

冷藏对郁金香鳞茎可溶性糖和蛋白质的影响

以郁金香鳞茎阿波罗、检阅、小黑人、普瑞斯玛、巴塞罗娜为试材,对不同冷藏处理时间的郁金香鳞茎不同部位的可溶性总糖、还原糖、蔗糖、可溶性蛋白质含量进行研究。结果表明:5个品种郁金香鳞茎在冷藏处理期间可溶性总糖、还原糖、蔗糖、可溶性蛋白质含量呈规律性变化。蔗糖是可溶性总糖的主要形式;初步认为解除休眠的过程是由外向内,通过鳞茎盘调节来实现的;5个品种郁金香鳞茎还原糖、蔗糖在第7周出现明显的波峰和拐点;检阅较其它4个品种表现出较高的可溶性糖含量和活性。     

盆栽百合鳞茎发育与碳水化合物变化的关系

为深入探讨盆栽百合的鳞茎发育机制,对盆栽百合粉冠军(After eight)和橙色精灵(Tinydina)的鳞茎发育规律及鳞茎不同部位中淀粉、可溶性糖和蔗糖含量进行了研究。结果表明:现蕾后鳞茎中可溶性糖和蔗糖含量迅速下降;盛花后鳞茎干质量和鲜质量同时增加;叶半枯到叶全枯时新鳞茎中淀粉含量迅速上升,两品种增长幅度分别为41.9%和15.6%。因此,盛花期是粉冠军和橙色精灵百合鳞茎膨大的转折点,此时新鳞茎成为主要的"库";盆栽百合鳞茎发育存在后熟期。