抗冻蛋白应用前景及基因工程表达研究进展

抗冻蛋白(antifreeze protein,AFP)又称为热滞蛋白,是一类抑制冰晶生长的蛋白,它具有三个基本特征:热滞效应(thermal hysteresis activity,THA)、冰晶形态效应和重结晶抑制效应(frecrystallization inhibition,RI),抗冻蛋白是一类广泛存在于鱼类、植物、真菌、昆虫中的蛋白,不同生物的AFPs的化学结构、理化性质、空间构型各不相同,并且同类生物之间的AFPs同源性也不高,不存在相似性序列或结构模式,说明它们可能是在不同的有机体中独立进化而来,没有共同的演化规律.随着研究的深入,抗冻蛋白可广泛应用于医学农学食品工业等领域,起到冷冻保护剂,食品添加剂的作用,前人已经对抗冻蛋白的结构、生化性质和抗冻机制进行了阐述,研究主要对抗冻蛋白应用方面及基因工程的表达作了系统综述,为抗冻蛋白的深入研究奠定基础.     

气单胞菌外膜蛋白基因工程疫苗的研究进展

就气单胞菌外膜蛋白的基因工程亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗、重组活载体疫苗等基因工程疫苗的研究现状、免疫方式以及不足之处进行了综述,以期为气单胞菌疫苗研制提供参考。     

GMOs in animal agriculture: time to consider both costs and benefits in regulatory evaluations

In 2012, genetically engineered (GE) crops were grown by 17.3 million farmers on over 170 million hectares. Over 70% of harvested GE biomass is fed to food producing animals, making them the major consumers of GE crops for the past 15 plus years. Prior to commercialization, GE crops go through an extensive regulatory evaluation. Over one hundred regulatory submissions have shown compositional equivalence, and comparable levels of safety, between GE crops and their conventional counterparts. One component of regulatory compliance is whole GE food/feed animal feeding studies. Both regulatory studies and independent peer-reviewed studies have shown that GE crops can be safely used in animal feed, and rDNA fragments have never been detected in products (e.g. milk, meat, eggs) derived from animals that consumed GE feed. Despite the fact that the scientific weight of evidence from these hundreds of studies have not revealed unique risks associated with GE feed, some groups are calling for more animal feeding studies, including long-term rodent studies and studies in target livestock species for the approval of GE crops. It is an opportune time to review the results of such studies as have been done to date to evaluate the value of the additional information obtained. Requiring long-term and target animal feeding studies would sharply increase regulatory compliance costs and prolong the regulatory process associated with the commercialization of GE crops. Such costs may impede the development of feed crops with enhanced nutritional characteristics and durability, particularly in the local varieties in small and poor developing countries. More generally it is time for regulatory evaluations to more explicitly consider both the reasonable and unique risks and benefits associated with the use of both GE plants and animals in agricultural systems, and weigh them against those associated with existing systems, and those of regulatory inaction. This would represent a shift away from a GE evaluation process that currently focuses only on risk assessment and identifying ever diminishing marginal hazards, to a regulatory approach that more objectively evaluates and communicates the likely impact of approving a new GE plant or animal on agricultural production systems.     

乳铁蛋白的生物学功能及其基因工程研究进展

乳铁蛋白是一种具有多种生物活性的糖蛋白。本文主要就乳铁蛋白的生物学功能及其基因工程研究进展作一综述。     

岩土计算中的弾塑性理论

岩土工程计算是一个复杂的系统工程,它涉及面广,包括高等数学、数值分析、计算机程序、弾塑性力学和岩土力学与工程等等学科知识.本文着重对该计算中所涉及到的主要弾塑性理论加以阐述,并讨论岩土计算中还有待于深入研究的部分课题.     

荧光93菌体和代谢物对全蚀病菌和小麦生长影响的初步研究

对荧光假单胞菌工程菌剂“荧光93”菌体和代谢物的作用特性进行了比较。结果表明:该菌剂能保护小麦根系免遭全蚀病危害,对植株生长有促进作用。菌体的抑菌能力强于代谢物,浸种处理防效分别为44.8％和27.8％;代谢物具有更强的刺激植株生长作用,在无病条件下,代谢物灌根处理鲜重增加34.5％,菌体处理鲜重增加7.5％。培养基成份对代谢物的作用有一定影响:以马铃薯葡萄糖培养产生的代谢物,抑菌效果好;营养肉汁酵母粉培养产生的代谢物,促生作用好。据此推断,荧光93菌剂代谢产物中含有抑制全蚀病菌和刺激植株生长的物质。     

通用电工实验台的设计与试制

主要叙述了所研制的一种通用电工实验台的设计与试制,该实验台采用双重保护线路,安全可靠,仪表布置合理,显示直观,操作简便,可完成电路、电机和电器控制等多项电工类实验教学,经专家和实际实验实习检验,表明其电器及安全性能良好,使用方便,具有一定的推广应用价值。     

SEM-EDXA法测定分析柠檬桉木材中的晶体

采用扫描电子显微镜-X射线能量散射分析（SEM—EDXA）法对柠檬桉Eucalyptus citriodora木材中晶体的轴向分布、径向分布、形态和含量以及硅石的纳米结构进行了分析。结果表明：①柠檬桉木材中晶体主要分布在木射线细胞,形态多为菱形晶体;②柠檬桉木材钙元素含量高的可达所有元素含量的22％以上;③柠檬桉木材中晶体的纳米尺寸在350～400nm,晶体尺寸大小从树基向树梢呈递减趋势。图4表1参9     

图书馆建筑环境对人文精神的体现

图书馆环境包括建筑外环境、内环境以度服务环境3方面。文章提出了图书馆建筑环境对人文精神的体现．应当从馆舍建筑的外环境和内环境两方面入手：应凸显人文关怀的结构设计理念;营造优美环保的绿色环境;室内环境布局、装饰要蕴涵审美情趣,设施建以致用;保障健康的室内空气质量,并提出了如何营造具有人文关怀的服务环境。