Reproduction in three species of rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae) from rainforest streams in northern Queensland, Australia

Abstract – The reproductive biology of three species of rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae) in northeastern Australian rainforest streams was investigated. Two species, Melanotaenia eachamensis and Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides are endemic to the area, whereas the third, M. splendida splendida, is more widespread. The species were all highly fecund, producing many hundreds of eggs between 1.10 and 1.24 mm in diameter. Melanotaenia eachamensis was the most fecund, produced the largest eggs of the three species, and consequently exhibited the greatest maternal investment (as measured by gonadosomatic index). The majority of reproductive effort occurred during the dry season, although reproductively active fish were present year-round for each of the species, but particularly so for M. s. splendida and C. rhombosomoides. No evidence for a role by temperature or photoperiod as environmental cues for reproduction was found, and it was suggested that gonad development was strongly tied to somatic growth. The concentration of reproduction to the dry season ensures that larvae are produced during a period of relatively stable and benign physical conditions. Comparison of temporal changes in gonadosomatic index values suggest that the spawning season of M. eachamensis , which occurs in high-elevation streams, is more restricted and commences about 1 month earlier than either other species. A similar phenology was observed for the M. s. splendida population found at high elevation and highlights the potential for spatial differences in stream productivity to influence life history. ^Note     

大别山板栗片热泵干燥特性及动力学模型分析

为了研究大别山板栗片热泵干燥过程和特性,建立其干燥动力学模型,并优化干燥工艺以提高干燥后的品质,以大别山板栗为研究对象进行热泵干燥动力学研究,通过对7 种常用干燥模型线性化处理,筛选适合用来描述板栗片热泵干燥特性的数学模型,并利用试验数据与模型进行回归拟合,确定并建立最适合的数学模型。结果表明：Page 模型的预测值曲线和实测值曲线高度吻合,Page模型可用来描述板栗片热泵干燥过程中水分的变化规律。研究结果可为板栗片实际生产中的热泵干燥加工提供一定参考。     

近43年黄河上游来水来沙变化特点

选取黄河头道拐站实测水沙序列(1960-2002年)资料,对水沙序列进行了多时间尺度和趋势识别的小波分析。结果表明:①黄河上游来水来沙量汛期所占比例减少,而非汛期所占比例增加;在年际变化上,水沙量逐年减少;同时,水沙相关关系具有一定的变化;②黄河上游水沙序列具有相同的多时间尺度(准周期)变化,但同一尺度下,水沙所处的丰枯变化并不一致;③年水沙序列趋势变化基本一致,20世纪80年代以来,两者存在明显减少趋势;但在非汛期,两者的趋势变化有较大区别。     

Prediction of irrigation return flows through a hierarchical modeling approach

The quantity of water available for irrigation is getting scarce in many countries and it assumes great importance for assured crop production, especially in view of the erratic behavior of the monsoon. Thus, there is a pressing need to improve the water efficiency of irrigation systems. One-way of improving the efficiency of the irrigation system is reusing the return flow from the irrigation system. This task requires quantification of return flow, which still remains as a grey area in irrigation water management. The estimation of return flow from the irrigation system is usually obtained using thumb rules depending upon the site-specific conditions like command area conditions and soil properties. In this paper, a hierarchical modeling technique, namely, regression tree is developed for return flow estimation. Regression tree is built through binary recursive partitioning. The effective rainfall, inflow, consumptive water demand, and percolation loss are taken as predictor variables and return flow is treated as the target variable. The applicability of the hierarchical model is demonstrated through a case study of Periyar-Vaigai Irrigation System in Tamil Nadu, India. The model performance shows a good match between the simulated and the field measured return flow values. Results of statistical analysis indicated that the correlation coefficients are high for both single as well as double crop seasons.     

田面微地形对滴灌灌水均匀性的影响

首先分析了田面微地形对滴头实际工作压力的影响,田面越不平整,滴头实际工作压力与设计工作压力的差值越大,当田面局部高差大于滴头设计工作压力时,滴头流量等于零;然后提出了田面微地形产生的流量偏差率公式,并用泰勒级数展开;最后利用描述统计方法和独立样本T-检验的方法对余项进行分析,置信度为99%的余项取值区间为0.001￣0.002,说明余项能够被忽略,田面微地形产生的流量偏差率公式可以用简单的形式来表示。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒实验感染SPF猪外周血单核细胞和肺泡巨噬细胞早期凋亡细胞的观察

采用Ａｎｎｅｘｉｎ Ｖ－ＦＩＴＣ／ＰＩ双染色法,用流式细胞仪检测了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（ＰＲＲＳＶ）实验感染ＳＰＦ猪不同时期外周血单核细胞和肺泡巨噬细胞感染Ａｎｎｅｘｉｎ Ｖ－ＦＩＴＣ＾＋／ＰＩ＾－细胞群（早期凋亡细胞群）。结果显示,ＰＲＲＳＶ感染猪外周血单核细胞和肺泡巨噬细胞Ａｎｎｅｘｉｎ Ｖ－ＦＩＴＣ＾＋／ＰＩ＾－细胞群的表达率均明显高于正常对照猪,感染后２４ｈ表达率达最高值。     

The Fluorescent Characterization and Analysis of Two Brucella Attenuated Vaccine Infecting Mouse Macrophagocyte

The experiment was conducted to discuss the difference of binding time of green fluorescent protein B.melitensis M5 (GFP-M5) and B.abortus S19 (GFP-S19) infecting the mouse macrophagocyte (RAW264.7),lysosome,endoplasmic reticulum and golgi body in the initial stage and compare the binding rate of GFP-M5,GFP-S19 with organelle in different timeline,respectively,by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and flow cytometry.The result showed that GFP-M5 and GFP-S19 were successfully constructed.The intracellular survival ability of Brucella M5,Brucella S19,GFP-M5 and GFP-S19 were not obvisouly affected after infecting RAW264.7.GFP-M5 and GFP-S19 could enter the macrophagocyte in 30 mins,and in 2 h the Brucella could reach lysosome,endoplasmic reticulum and golgi body.In addition,the binding time for two attenuated vaccine did not show differences in 1,2,3 and 4 h.The content of GFP⁺ cell produced by RAW264.7 infected by GFP-M5 and GFP-S19 did not show significant differences (P>0.05).Therefore,the two strains did not have significant differences in the invasion ability in the initial stage of infecting host cell.     

CS02型干丝绵机的研究报告

针对普通干丝绵机台时产量低 ,锡林针滚两端被丝绵“抱轴” ,绵坯中未开松绵球较多等缺点 ,用提高锡林针滚和进料齿轮轴转速及设置手刹装置、机腔内设置导轨和毛刷等方法 ,进行了改进设计。这种新型干丝绵机的性能测试结果表明 :丝绵机锡林针滚线速度 2 3 4m/s,进料齿轮轴线速度 0 0 16 8m/s,单台生产率 7～ 7 5kg/h ,是国内同类机型台时产量的 2 2 6～ 2 34倍 ;锡林针滚在半圆形空间轨道中抓取精干绵 ,锡林针滚两端光轴微量缠绵 ;合理的芯皮等混合流导向腔体 ,使吸附在绵坯中未开松绵球≤ 10个 /m2 ;设有手刹装置 ,使大线速度的锡林针滚在2～ 3s内止动 ,提高了单位时间内的生产率。     

短流程兔皮鞣制技术初探

针对兔皮生产周期长的特点,在传统兔皮鞣制技术的基础上,在脱脂工段加入适量的脱脂酶,将脱脂时间从原来的1h延长至8h,在跳过软化工序进行短时间浸酸后,次日进行铬鞣。结果表明,除能有效缩短加工时间、简化加工工艺外,该工艺加工的兔皮皮板柔软丰满,手感良好,收缩温度在99℃左右,证明这种短流程的兔皮鞣制工艺具有可行性。     

Optimization and validation of a flow cytometric method for immunophenotyping peripheral blood lymphocytes from cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

BACKGROUND: Guidelines published by the Food and Drug Administration and Center for Human Medicinal Products describe the need to assess immunotoxic effects in nonclinical studies that evaluate drug toxicity, including the use of immunophenotyping to measure immunotoxicity. We are not aware of previous studies, however, that have validated methods for immunophenotyping peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in whole blood samples from cynomolgus monkeys. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to optimize and validate a flow cytometric assay for immunophenotyping lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of cynomolgus monkeys. METHODS: A series of prevalidation experiments were done to determine optimal reagents, volumes, timing, and other procedural details of the flow cytometric assay. Using the optimized method, we then determined precision, interindividual variation, laboratory-to-laboratory variability, and sample stability. Stabilized human blood was used as a positive control for staining, processing, and analysis. The percentage and number of pan-T cells (CD3+), T-helper cells (CD3+4+), T cytotoxic/suppressor cells (CD3+8+), natural killer cells (CD3-16+), and B-cells (CD3-20+) were determined in 146 male and 140 female, clinically healthy monkeys and reference intervals were calculated. RESULTS: By doing 4-color staining with a lyse-wash method, intra- and interassay precision were <5% for all lymphocyte subsets. Variability between technicians and laboratories was minimal (CVs<3%). Samples were stable for up to 24 hours after staining and fixing. CONCLUSIONS: The validated method is extremely robust and can be performed under good laboratory practice conditions to support nonclinical studies. Reference intervals for lymphocyte subsets were similar to those previously reported.