补灌水平对宁南山区露地青花菜产量、品质及耕层水分动态的影响

为探究宁夏南部山区自然降水条件下露地青花菜的最佳补灌灌溉方案,采用大田田间对比试验,设置5个补灌水平,在宁夏原州区冷凉蔬菜基地开展补灌水平对土壤水分分布、青花菜产量、品质、水分利用效率的试验研究.结果表明,青花菜全生育期自然降雨主要集中在7月份,且占全生育期降雨量的78.49％,此月份无需补灌即可满足生育后期对水分的需...     

马铃薯黑痣病生防菌的筛选及防治效果

由立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)引起的马铃薯黑痣病由于常年连作和马铃薯种植规模扩大,病害发生越来越严重[1,2].目前马铃薯黑痣病的防治主要依靠农药的施用[3,4],但化学药剂的频繁使用会导致抗药性的产生、同时带来农药残留和环境污染等问题[5].从棉花根际土壤分离得到的多粘类芽胞杆菌Sx3可产生杀镰...     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地滴灌种植肉苁蓉的试验研究

在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的人工梭梭林,利用咸水滴灌技术,对种植肉苁蓉（Cistanche deserticola）的开挖方式、播种方式、接种深度以及稳产技术等进行了试验研究。结果表明：① 提高肉苁蓉种子和寄主根系接触的几率是提高人工接种肉苁蓉效果的有效途径。不同种植方式的肉苁蓉出土率为：沟种>打洞>穴种,撒种>种植带（种植纸）。② 采用开沟、撒种方式种植肉苁蓉,随播种量增加,出土肉苁蓉数量呈增加趋势,但存在一个上限值。在沙地滴灌种植肉苁蓉适宜的播种量为300粒/m。③ 接种深度应控制在寄主根系主要分布层以内,并结合作业方式及作业成本来综合确定,在沙地滴灌接种深度不宜超过60 cm。④ 人工接种肉苁蓉具有一次接种,多年采收的效果,但肉苁蓉出土率年际间差异较大。接种后第2 a至第4 a为主要收获期。采用沟种、撒种技术春季接种肉苁蓉,接种后连续3 a平均出土率可以保持在1株/m以上,肉苁蓉鲜重产量达1 800 kg/hm²,经济效益显著。     

基于营养竞争原理的大豆根腐病生防芽孢杆菌的筛选及其特性研究

利用营养竞争平板筛选法获得了可在大豆麦麸(SWB)培养基上快速生长并拮抗大豆根腐病菌Fusarium oxysporum和F.solani的芽孢杆菌菌株B006和B010。通过16S rDNA序列分析、形态观察和生理生化性状测定,将其鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。田间小区试验结果表明,以种子处理(108cfu/mL,药种比为1∶60)和以麦麸为载体的固体菌剂土壤沟施(106cfu/g,用量195 kg/ha)B006和B010菌剂对真叶期大豆根腐病的防治效果分别为74.6%和63.5%,高于商品化学农药35%多福合剂种子处理的防效(P=0.05),大豆产量分别增加13.8%和24.0%。利用特异引物对生防功能基因的扩增结果表明,bmyB、fenD、bioA和srfAA基因以及srfAB基因簇的片段在2个菌株中均存在,而ituC基因仅存在于B010菌株中。对菌株生防功能基因的分析有助于今后高效菌株的快速筛选和对生防菌作用机制的研究。     

日光温室黄瓜智能灌溉控制指标研究

在日光温室中进行了不同灌溉土壤水分上、下限对黄瓜生长、生理指标、产量以及品质的影响的试验。在前期试验研究的基础上,在结瓜期设置了3个处理,灌溉土壤水分分别控制在75%~85%FC、70%~80%FC、65%~75%FC之间。研究结果表明:在结瓜期3种灌溉水平下的产量分别为:67.637、59.559、52.898 t/hm2,作物水分利用效率分别为:22.03、21.53和20.42 kg/m3。不同的灌溉水平对黄瓜的产量有显著差异,而对水分利用效率并没有形成显著差异。综合考虑不同灌溉水平对黄瓜产量、品质、水分利用效率等方面的影响,认为结瓜期灌溉土壤水分保持在75%~85%FC之间为宜。     

水杨酸和乙烯在烟草抗黑胫病中的作用

5mmol/L水杨酸或1g/L乙烯外源处理可诱导烟草对黑胫病的抗性，推迟植株死亡。不能积累水杨酸的转nahG基因植株和不表现乙烯应答反应的转etr1-1基因植株对黑胫病的抗性显著弱于野生型植株。组成性积累高水平水杨酸的转entC和pmsB基因植株对黑胫病的抗性明显强于野生型植株。这些结果说明水杨酸和乙烯增强烟草对黑胫病的抗性，减缓黑胫病的扩展。0．5mmol/L KCN连续浇灌植株4天或浸溃叶片2，4h均不能恢复转nahG基因植株丧失的对黑胫病的抗病性。此结果进一步支持关于KCN处理不能恢复转nahG基因植株丧失的对真菌病害抗病性的假说。     

Laboratory and field comparisons of insecticides to reduce infestation of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops

BACKGROUND: The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of small‐fruit crops. Unlike most other Drosophila, this insect is able to oviposit into and damage ripe and ripening fruit, making it unmarketable. Because this is a new pest in the United States, it is necessary to identify registered insecticides to manage this insect effectively in conventional and organic production systems. RESULTS: The present laboratory bioassays and field trials identified a number of insecticides representing various modes of action that are effective in controlling D. suzukii. Products that performed well in the laboratory bioassay also performed well in the field, indicating that screening of new chemistries in the laboratory is a worthy exercise. Field application of pyrethoids, organophosphates or spinosyns provided 5–14 days of residual control of D. suzukii. The efficacy of the neonicotinoids as adulticides was not satisfactory compared with the other contact‐mode‐of‐action chemistries. Based on the zero tolerance by the small‐fruit industry and the individual effects mentioned above, neonicotinoids are not currently recommended for D. suzukii management. CONCLUSIONS: There are effective insecticides registered for controlling D. suzukii infestations in susceptible small‐fruit crops. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Irrigation scheduling based on yield and quality in Bromus inermis北大核心CSCD

A suitably calculated irrigation regime can improve the productivity of artificial grassland,improve the quality of pasture and enhance water use efficiency in drier areas. In this research we compared the effects of two irrigation regimes（regulated deficit irrigation at different growth stages,I1;regulated deficit irrigation over the whole growth period ,I2）on yield and quality of Bromus inermis in the Hexi Corridor. Irrigation scheduling was optimized by considering the results of field trials and simulations of irrigation scheduling in typical dry years to provide a theoretical basis for local production practices. The results showed that：The yield of B. inermis in I1 initially increased and then decreased with successive increases in the amount of water applied,while in I2 B. inermis yield showed an increasing trend across the range of irrigation rates tested. In both irrigation regimes,the crude protein content of B. inermis gradually decreased with increasing water supply,while the acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents increased somewhat. Compared with I2,B. inermis yield was increased by 23.11% on average and crude protein content by 6. 09% on average in I1;therefore,the I1 irrigation regime was superior. Based on the field trial combined with the simulation of irrigation scheduling in a typical dry year,it was found that a treatment designated ［greening stage （75%-85% θFC）,jointing stage （65%-85% θFC）,and tasseling stage （65%-85% θFC）,I1DF1］,irrigation frequency of 12 times,and a total irrigation amount of 521. 76 mm provided water-saving benefits and stable yield in B. inermis in the Hexi Corridor. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

8种生物农药对草原蝗虫的田间防治效果评价

应用4种绿僵菌、白僵菌、0.3%印楝素、1%苦参碱和森得保8种生物农药对草原蝗虫进行了田间药效对比试验,以期筛选出防效较好的生物农药用于大面积推广.研究表明,0.3%印揀素、1%苦参碱和森得保防治效果显著优于其他5种生物杀虫剂,药后11 d防效均在90%以上.几种杀蝗绿僵菌油悬浮剂药后11 d防效在65%以上,白僵菌油...     

梨灰霉病拮抗放线菌L-30的筛选、鉴定及作用机制研究

采用平板对峙培养法从果树根际土壤中筛选出对梨灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)及10种常见果实采后病害具有抑制活性的放线菌株L-30,同时利用分子方法结合形态观察对其进行鉴定,并测定其对B.cinerea孢子萌发的抑制作用、对‘皇冠’梨的诱导抗性和果实防御酶系活性的影响。结果表明,菌株L-30对梨灰霉病菌的活体抑制活性达到40%以上,基于16S rDNA核酸一致性和系统发育分析及培养特性证明L-30为链霉菌属(Streptomyces)的多产色链霉菌(S.polychromogenes)。L-30稀释100倍发酵液对梨灰霉病孢子萌发抑制率为52.04%。L-30处理皇冠梨果实能显著降低梨灰霉病菌的扩展,并提高果实的过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性。