基于掌上电脑的农田信息快速采集与处理系统的研究

为了解决精细农业中空间信息及属性信息的快速获取与分析处理问题，提出并实现了基于掌上电脑的农田信息快速采集与实时处理系统。分析了具体实现系统功能的若干关键技术，如地理信息系统(GIS)、空间索引、Windows CE数据库技术、采样控制等因硬件环境的不同而产生的问题及相应的解决方案，又针对农场环境下的特殊性，提出并实现了一个面向对象的农场模型，以便于更好的描述农场环境及更方便的确定采样方案。作为一种实时系统，该系统可结合全球定位系统(GPS)和各种传感器，快速地测量和分析农田信息。应用该系统对两种GPS(Ag132与MAP330)进行了精度比较试验，快速而方便地证实了Ag132有更好的精确性与稳定性，更适于农业生产要求。试验的过程与结果也间接表明了该系统具有较好的实用性，为精细农业田间信息快速采集和处理设备的研制与开发奠定了基础。     

The drought response of landraces of wheat from the northern Negev Desert in Israel

Summary Diverse landraces of wheat, collected from the semi-arid (150 to 250 mm of total annual rainfall) Northern Negev desert in Israel were considered as a potential genetic resource of drought resistance for wheat breeding. These materials were therefore evaluated for their reponses to drought stress in agronomical and physiological terms. Up to 68 landraces, comprising of Triticum durum, T. aestivum, and T. compactum were tested in two field drought environments, in one favourable field environment, under post-anthesis chemical plant desiccation which revealed the capacity for grain filling from mobilized stem reserves, under a controlled drought stress in a rainout shelter and in the growth chamber under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water stress. Biomass, grain yield and its components, harvest index, plant phenology, canopy temperatures, kernel weight loss by chemical plant desiccation, growth reduction by PEG-induced drought stress and osmotic adjustment were evaluated in the various experiments.Landraces varied significantly for all parameters of drought response as measured in the different experiments, which was in accordance to their documented large morphological diversity. Variation in grain yield among landraces under an increasing drought stress after tillering was largely affected by spike number per unit area. Kernel weight contributed very little to yield variation among landraces under stress, probably because these tall (average of 131 cm) landraces generally excelled in their capacity to support kernel growth by stem reserve mobilization under stress. Yield under stress was reduced with a longer growth duration of landraces only under early planting but not under late planting. Landraces were generally late flowering but they were still considered well adapted phenologically to their native region where they were always planted late.Landraces differed significantly in canopy temperature under drought stress. Canopy temperature under stress in the rainout shelter was negatively correlated across landraces with grain yield (r=0.67^**) and biomass (r=0.64^**) under stress. Canopy temperature under stress in the rainout shelter was also positively correlated across landraces (r=0.50^**) with canopy temperature in one stress field environment. Osmotic adjustment in PEG-stressed plants was negatively correlated (r=–0.60^**) with percent growth reduction by PEG-induced water stress. It was not correlated with yield under stress in any of the experiments. In terms of yield under stress, canopy temperatures and stem reserve utilization for grain filling, the most drought resistant landrace was the Juljuli population of T.durum.     

农田信息采集单多跳共存LEACH算法

针对农田环境信息量丰富的特点,提出一种基于LEACH算法的改进型无线传感器网络路由算法--LEACH-SMC.在LEACH-SMC算法的稳态阶段,簇头节点到基站间通信采用临界距离来判断和选择多跳或单跳方式,在多跳方式中采用基于最小能量消耗的路由方式.应用Matlab对LEACH-SMC算法和LEACH算法进行仿真对比分析,结果表明, LEACH-SMC算法能提高网络有效覆盖面积并延长整个网络的寿命.     

秸秆成型燃料生产应用的关键问题探讨

秸秆成型燃料(straw densification briquetting fuel,SDBF)的研究在中国已有二十多年的历史,但中国SDBF现有的年产量仅有十多万吨,是中国原料年产量的万分之一,是世界年产量的2.5%,形成这种局面的主要原因是生产中的几个关键问题一直没有受到重视.通过十余年的潜心研究,作者认为:要在中国实现SDBF规模化生产,必须认真解决好四个问题:一是资源收集和储运的高成本问题;二是成型机快速磨损问题;三是燃烧设备中受热面飞灰沉积和腐蚀问题;四是原材料脱水问题.该文在分析SDBF成型机理和实际应用案例的基础上,对四个问题的影响因素和成因进行了探讨,提出了解决这些技术难题的办法和中国生物质成型燃料规模化发展的模式和建议.     

基于MODIS-NDVI的连江流域植被覆被及空间格局变化分析

利用2001-2008年250 m分辨率的MODIS-NDVI数据与景观格局分析软件,对8 a来连江流域的植被覆盖与空间格局变化进行动态分析。结果表明:近8 a来连江流域的较高与高植被覆盖区面积减少而中度与较低植被覆盖区面积增加,即植被覆盖呈总体退化趋势;流域景观破碎程度减少、连通性增强,景观异质性提高,景观趋于多样化和均匀化;流域内各类景观要素在破碎化程度、复杂性和稳定性、空间分布关系、聚集性变化差异明显,其中较高与中度植被覆盖区的空间特征变化对整个流域空间格局动态起主导性作用。     

IBM—PC机控制恒电位仪的自动极化测试系统

An automatic polarization measure system can be made up of a commercial potentiostat and a computer. This paper described a corresponding analog interface circuit and a software consisting of the controlling,sampling and fitting programs with which the da     

农用残膜的回收问题

地膜覆盖种植技术可大幅工提高作物单产水平,因而得以大面积推广应用,但用过的地膜不能及时回收,滞留在田间,对土壤及生态环境都造成了污染,从残膜不能得及时回收的原因分析入手,结合各地条件,阐述了不同类型的残膜回收机的特性和使用状况,并提出了解决这一问题的措施和建议。     

杜仲叶采收时间与采叶量的研究

通过对杜仲叶不同采收方式的研究,结果认为,不同采叶方式对杜仲树体及叶生长均有不同程度的影响:采叶量愈大、采叶次数愈多,树木高、径生长量愈小,新生叶叶面积也愈小.但是,50采叶量组和70采叶量组、1次采叶组和2次采叶组差异不显著.所以,从采叶后对杜仲高、径生长量以及叶片生长的影响来看,一次采叶量以50左右为宜,一年内采叶次数不宜超过2次.     

计算机在渔政管理中的应用——捕捞许可证数据库网络系统

作者介绍了《捕捞许可证数据库网络系统》，这是借鉴国内外管理经验提出的，最终实现大连市渔政部门与所属各县区形成一个渔政管理的计算机通讯网络，为进入“全国渔业管理信息系统工程”做基础准备，其目的利用现有渔政设施逐步提高宏观调控能力，循序渐进达到科学化、规范化的管理效果，使渔业生产获取最佳的经济效益和社会效益。     

B样条曲线的光顺问题

研究了用3次均匀有理样条曲线光顺拟合一组平面点列的问题，其中光顺性由曲线的能量积分与扰动量的加权平均来确定．