基于OGRE和MPI的虚拟场景多机并行渲染

本研究实现了一种用于静态虚拟场景漫游的分布式的多通道并行渲染系统。系统采用OGRE(O-OGraphics Rendering Engine)进行场景渲染,MPI构成消息传递环境,介绍了与OGRE相关的视角分配算法和渲染同步问题。实验证明,该系统能取代昂贵的图形工作站,成本低,且易于扩展,有很好的应用前景。     

Sexual compatibility of transgenic soybean and different wild soybean populations

The introduction of genetically modified(GM) soybean into farming systems raises great concern that transgenes from GM soybean may flow to endemic wild soybean via pollen. This may increase the weediness of transgenic soybean by increasing the fitness of hybrids under certain conditions and threaten the genetic diversity of wild soybean populations. Although pollen-mediated gene flow between GM crops and wild relatives is dependent on many factors, the sexual compatibility(SC)determined by their...     

Effects of landscape structure on nest predation in roadsides of a midwestern agroecosystem: a multiscale analysis

Nest predation is an important cause of mortality for many bird species, especially in grassland ecosystems where generalist predators have responded positively to human disturbance and landscape fragmentation. Our study evaluated the influence of the composition and configuration of the surrounding landscape on nest predation. Transects consisting of 10 artificial ground nests each were set up in 136 roadsides in six watersheds in south-central Iowa. Nest predation on individual roadside transects ranged from 0 to 100% and averaged 23%. The relationship of landscape structure within spatially-nested landscapes surrounding each roadside transect (within 200, 400, 800, 1200, and 1600 m of the transect line) to nest predation was evaluated by using multiple regression and canonical correlation analyses. The results of this multiscale landscape analysis demonstrated that predation on ground nests was affected by the surrounding landscape mosaic and that nest predators with different-sized home ranges and habitat affinities responded to landscapes in different ways. In general, wooded habitats were associated with greater nest predation, whereas herbaceous habitats (except alfalfa/pasture) either were associated with less nest predation or were not important. Different landscape variables were important at different spatial scales. Whereas some block-cover habitats such as woodland were important at all scales, others such as rowcrops and alfalfa/pasture were important at large scales. Some strip-cover habitats such as gravel roads and paved roads were important at small scales, but others such as wooded roadsides were important at all all scales. Most landscape metrics (e.g., mean patch size and edge density) were important at large scales. Our study demonstrated that the relationships between landscape structure and predator assemblages are complex, thus making efforts to enhance avian productivity in agricultural landscapes a difficult management goal.     

新一代信息技术驱动下的农业信息化发展思考

[目的/意义]目前全球正处于信息化时代,农业信息化的发展已成为现代化农业发展的重要方向,因此有必要探索新一代信息技术对农业信息化的推动作用.[方法/过程]总结新一代信息技术在农业领域应用的现状,对新一代信息技术推动农业信息化发展的路径进行分析,提出新一代农业信息技术创新与集成应用的策略.[结果/结论]提出通过新一代信息...     

空气温度对水稻生长影响的数学模拟

应用1996~2006年水稻生长发育资料和同期的地面气象观测资料,借助一元非线性回归统计方法,建立了水稻播种至三叶期、移栽至分蘖期、分蘖至抽穗期的生长速度、有效分蘖及孕穗至抽穗所需日数与日平均气温关系的数学模型。并根据模型对水稻有关发育期生长所需的空气温度作了定量的分析。     

基于图像处理与人工神经网络的小麦颗粒外观品质评价方法

综合利用计算机视觉、图像处理、人工神经网络技术,实现小麦品质评价自动化。通过比较不同背景,发现在黑色毛面纸板背景下,使用数码像机获得容易处理的小麦图像。应用分水岭算法自主开发了图像分割处理软件,分割小麦图像并识别提取出完整的小麦颗粒,针对每个小麦颗粒,计算了其12个形态学特征、12个色泽参数等图像特征参数。利用所提取的24个小麦图像特征参数,采用人工神经网络BP算法建立起小麦粒径外观品质评价模型,并应用于小麦的品质识别,取得了良好的试验结果。多次建模运算证明,该方法具有较好的稳定性,对小麦粒径外观品质评价的平均识别准确率可达93%。     

海湾泥碱渣和粉煤灰作为园林种植基质的氮素生理类群及生化作用研究

海湾泥、碱渣和粉煤灰是天津滨海地区大量存在的固体废弃物,通过前期室内配比筛选、盆栽试验、田间试验表明其混合基质可以用于园林绿化,并在防护林建设中获得成功.以滨海盐土、客土绿地为对照,对通过脱盐、培肥、种植毛白杨、刺槐、洋白蜡、金银木、紫花苜蓿等园林植物后基质的氨化细菌、好气性自身固氮菌、硝化细菌、反硝化细菌、纤维素分解菌等土壤氮素生理类群的数量进行了研究,同时对呼吸作用、氨化作用强度以及二者与土壤微生物数量、理化性质进行了相关性分析.结果表明,基质的氮素生理类群数量高于或与客土绿地相当,明显高于滨海盐土.呼吸作用高于客土绿地和滨海盐土,氨化作用强度与客土绿地相当,说明混合基质的氮素转化、有机物质的矿化能力以及基质整体的代谢水平好于客土绿地.土壤呼吸作用强度与土壤盐分呈极显著负相关,与细菌数量呈显著正相关.氨化作用强度与全氮、全磷、有机质含量、细菌和真菌数量呈极显著正相关,与放线菌呈显著正相关,与速效钾、盐分呈显著负相关.     

细河污染物在地下水中运移规律的模拟研究

为了研究河水中污染物在地下水中运移规律,分析了细河污染对地下水的影响,根据细河水文地质条件建立了污染物在地下水中运移的2区动力学模型,对河水中氨氮、总硬度等组分在地下水中的运移规律进行了模拟研究。结果表明,随运移距离的增加,污染物浓度逐渐降低;地下含水层对河流中部分污染物具有较强的去除能力,如对氨氮、耗氧量的去除率可达98%以上;水分蒸发对部分污染物具有浓缩作用,地下水中总硬度等组分浓度逐渐升高,并高于污染源浓度。     

棉籽和蓖麻籽的冷榨试验与数值模拟

探讨棉籽和蓖麻籽植物油料的冷榨应力-应变关系、应力-压缩比关系以及加载速率对应力-应变关系和应力-压缩比关系的影响,探讨临界压榨压力选取问题。进行了棉籽和蓖麻籽冷榨试验,采用川北方程建立双曲线型应力-应变模型和压缩比的理论计算模型。研究表明,加载速率对油料破碎应力、应变以及应力-应变关系有影响,速率越大,破碎应力和应变越大;棉籽和蓖麻籽的模拟结果与实测值比较吻合。根据压缩比变化率及其斜率曲线近似确定出棉籽和蓖麻籽工程临界压榨压力分别为70 MPa和100 MPa。     

半轴套管热挤压成形工艺数值模拟

通过对半轴套管的工艺分析,基于体积不变原则,采用逆向法计算零件毛坯,确定了热挤压成形工艺方案;结合刚粘塑性有限元法基本原理,运用有限元软件对半轴套管的反挤压过程进行3-D热力耦合模拟。影响半轴套管热挤压成形的主要工艺参数有挤压温度、挤压速度、模具预热温度等。在其他条件相同情况下,分别设置不同的挤压温度、挤压速度、模具预热温度,通过对不同参数模拟结果的分析比较,得出工艺参数对半轴套管成形的影响状况,揭示热挤压成形过程中的金属流动规律。优化的成形参数,提高了半轴套管的成形性能和经济性能。