Analysis of Drought Characteristics and Its Trend Change in Shaanxi Province Based on SPEI and MI

【Objective】 At present, most drought studies were based on historical drought events to analyze the causes and trends. This paper sought to simulate the drought index method when outputting future meteorological data based on CMIP5 model, and explored the characteristics of past and future drought changes in Shaanxi Province, which could provide a basis for the future management of agricultural water resources in Shaanxi Province. 【Method】Based on the historical data of 18 meteorological stations in Shaanxi Province and CMIP5 model, the future meteorological data were output. The reference crop evapotranspiration (ET₀) was simulated by comparing three kinds of models. The standard precipitation evaporation index (SPEI) and relative moisture index (MI) were calculated based on the reference crop ET₀ and precipitation data to reflect the drought degree. The spatial and temporal characteristics of drought in the past (1958-2017) and in the future (2018-2100) were compared.【Result】Multiple linear regression (MLR) simulation could accurately predict the reference crop ET₀ (RMSE=0.457 mm·d ^-1). In the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios, the future drought index showed an upward trend. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, there was a sudden change in the drought index in the 1940s. The degree of drought would decrease in the future of Shaanxi Province, and the distribution of drought would be more uneven during the year. In the future, the degree of drought would decrease during summer maize growth season, and the degree of drought would increase during winter wheat growth season.【Conclusion】The characteristics and extent of drought change were different under different RCP scenarios. The changes in drought characteristics reflected by SPEI and MI were basically the same, but there were differences in the changes in some time periods. In order to effectively cope with the negative impact of climate change on dry crop yields, it was necessary to enhance soil water storage and conservation capacity, especially to strengthen drought resistance during the winter wheat growing season.     

基于语义部位分割的条纹斑竹鲨鱼体运动姿态解析

条纹斑竹鲨具有较高的经济价值和医用研究价值.人工驯养对环境和温度等因素要求较高,时常出现大规模病死现象.利用视频图像量化分析鱼体运动行为,有助于进行异常识别和早期预警,将有效提高养殖养护水平.该研究针对人工驯养的条纹斑竹鲨鱼,提出一种基于深度神经网络的语义部位分割方法,并将分割结果应用于剖析条斑鲨鱼体运动姿态.首先,依...     

专家系统技术与植保应用研究进展

专家系统是人工智能的1个分支,集合了数据库技术、多媒体技术、网络技术、"3S"技术以及数据挖掘技术等多种技术手段,在农作物病虫害综合治理的远程诊断、预测预报、管理决策等方面发挥着重要的作用。笔者概述了专家系统最新技术特点,并对专家系统在植保方向上的应用现状和前景进行了讨论。     

车辆半主动悬架控制器的设计与研究

根据半主动悬架系统的研究现状,设计了嵌入式智能控制器,采用模糊神经网络控制算法,调节车辆半主动悬架系统阻尼系数,在8位单片机上实现了该算法,并且在实验室进行了台架试验,试验结果表明,所设计的控制器可以满足半主动悬架控制系统的要求.     

天山马鹿胚胎移植技术的研究

为培育特别优秀、经济价值高的种用公鹿,选择4头天山马鹿作供体,经过CIDR+FSH+PG诱导发情、超数排卵、人工授精,采集胚胎,获得13枚可用胚胎,将其移植给经CIDR+PMSG+PG诱导同期发情的13头天山马鹿,结果7头受体马鹿受胎。     

兴凯湖大白鱼人工繁殖及胚胎发育研究

2019年6月,通过人工催产获得兴凯湖大白鱼受精卵,系统地观察了胚胎发育的全过程。结果表明,在池塘养殖的条件下,人工养殖可获得成熟的亲鱼,人工催产获得的兴凯湖大白鱼的受精卵为圆球型,呈青灰色或黄绿色。平均卵直径为0.78 mm(0.65～1.02 mm),吸水后平均卵直径为4.02 mm。胚胎发育过程可分为23个阶段。在24.5～26.8℃范围内,受精42 min后开始第一次卵裂,受精10 h 45 min后开始形成器官。胚胎发育的总积温为486.98℃·h。     

日本鳗鲡繁殖生物学研究概述

日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)是中国和日本最广泛养殖的鱼类之一。其养殖基于对天然玻璃鳗的捕捞,从而导致天然玻璃鳗资源逐渐出现严重的匮乏。为解决此问题,众多研究者致力于玻璃鳗的人工繁殖。主要阐述了30年来日本鳗鲡繁殖生物学研究的相关成果:在亲鳗催熟前需进行强化培育,雌、雄鳗达到性成熟需要不同的催熟药物和催熟时间,17,20-β-二羟孕酮(DHP)的催产效果较好;温度、盐度、水体离子含量等环境因子对胚胎和仔鱼发育影响较大;自由氨基酸、卵黄脂蛋白和硝化甘油是受精卵及卵黄囊期仔鱼的主要能源物质,磷脂是辅助能源物质;用鲨鱼卵冷冻干燥粉末添加复合维生素、磷虾提取液等制成的浆状饵料是仔鱼较适宜的开口饵料;胚胎发育进程为初孵仔鱼体长3.5mm,仅分化出咽,从第7天开始,仔鱼具有消化和吸收食物的能力并出现大幅生长,到100d时,仔鱼已具有较强的免疫能力。     

Thermal tolerance of paralarvae of Patagonian red octopus Enteroctopus megalocyathus

Patagonian red octopus, Enteroctopus megalocyathus, is a merobenthic octopus whose paralarvae have been successfully cultured up to juvenile octopuses. At present, high mortality during the paralarval period prevents the scaling from experimental rearing to commercial aquaculture. The aim of the study was to determine upper (CTMax) and lower (CTMin) thermal tolerance, acclimation response ratio (ARR) and thermal tolerance polygon of paralarvae from different culture conditions and subjected to seven acclimation temperatures (6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18°C) during the first 5 days of paralarval life. Culture conditions were two types of egg incubation (maternal care and artificial incubators) and two feeding regimes (fed or starved). Fed paralarvae showed thermal preferendum, while unfed paralarvae preferred much higher temperatures than those of acclimation. CTMin and CTMax increased along with the acclimation temperature. Lower values of ARR were obtained in paralarvae from artificial incubation, with this type of paralarva showing the least adaptability to thermal changes. Starved paralarvae showed the lowest values for thermal tolerance range (TTR) and smaller areas of thermal polygon than fed paralarvae. Rearing temperatures above 16°C may be considered suboptimal to paralarvae and affected by the conditions during the embryonic incubation. Rearing temperatures below 8°C may be considered suboptimal for all hatched paralarvae. Therefore, the other temperatures within this range could be used in the context of improving the culture management of paralarvae.     

Growth performance and nutritional composition of Sepia pharaonis under artificial culturing conditions

This study investigated the growth performance and nutritional composition of scale artificially cultured cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis. Juveniles were cultured in an open‐culturing cement pool system for 120 days. The body weight increased from 10.21 ± 1.44 g to 570.71 ± 126.32 g from 50 days old to 170 days old, and the average growth rate was 4.67%. The proximate, amino acid and fatty acid compositions of S. pharaonis muscles were analysed every 40 days to compare the quality. The cultured S. pharaonis were rich in essential amino acids (EAAs), functional amino acids (FAAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which accounted for 32%, 46%, 28% and 54% (dry weight) respectively. Total amino acids (TAAs) and EAAs exhibited a clear distinction between ages, and significant differences were observed among the levels of individual amino acids, including Pro, Ala, Asp and Lys, which were significantly higher at 130–170 days old than at 50 days old (p < 0.05). Although the total saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and PUFAs were statistically similar between ages, C17:0, C22:6 n‐3 and PUFAs were higher at 130–170 days old than at 50 days old (p < 0.05). The results indicate that large‐scale artificial culture of S. pharaonis can be achieved under the conditions of a cement pool. This study also provides new information regarding the growth performance and nutritional composition of cultured S. pharaonis, which will contribute to the development of aquaculture practices for this species.     

以优化的BP神经网络模型为基础研究山东近海口虾蛄空间分布与环境因子的关系

BP神经网络模型作为一种常用的机器学习方法,被广泛应用于物种分布模型,以解析生物分布与环境因子的关系。与传统回归模型相比,该模型可以灵活处理变量间的非线性关系,但其结构复杂,在参数设置方面存在不确定性,从而影响模型的预测与应用。根据2016—2017年山东近海口虾蛄渔业资源调查与环境数据,利用BP神经网络模型构建口虾蛄资源分布模型,同时利用数据分组处理算法(group method of data handling, GMDH)、遗传算法(genetic algorithm, GA)和自适应算法(adaptive algorithm)分别对模型输入变量、初始权值和隐节点数目3方面进行优化,构建7种不同组合优化模型。结果显示,7种模型的优化效果存在明显差异,单方面和两方面组合优化模型预测性能基本保持一致;而三方面共同优化其均方根误差与残差平方和分别为0.35和1.94,较初始模型的0.52和2.40更小,且相关系数最大为0.45,表明模型优化效果最好。对比优化前后发现,口虾蛄资源密度随纬度和底层盐度变化趋势基本保持一致,而随底层温度的升高,口虾蛄资源密度存在较大差异。此外,最优模型较初始模型增加水深为关键环境因子,对口虾蛄的资源密度具有重要影响。本研究进一步开发了BP神经网络模型参数优化的方法,证明了参数优化对BP模型的预测性能具有重要影响,模型优化对于分析口虾蛄资源密度与环境因子的关系具有重要意义。