基于机器视觉的小粒咖啡豆的检测技术

设计搭建了基于机器视觉的小粒咖啡豆检测分级系统,系统由进料部、匀料筛分部、色选部、气动部、收料部以及电控箱组成。开发了基于OpenCV和visual studio的系统分析与控制软件,实现咖啡豆果径宽度和烘焙程度的检测分级。基于Blob分析方法对小粒咖啡生豆进行图像分割,利用最小外接矩形方法对果径宽度进行特征提取,采用HSV颜色空间模型提取小粒咖啡豆的颜色特征值,最终将小粒咖啡生豆分为5个等级,将烘焙程度分为浅度、中度、深度3个程度。系统运行验证试验结果表明,对小粒咖啡生豆的果径宽度检测的平均误差为1.275%,烘焙程度检测的准确率为88.9%。     

不同形态氮素及铵硝比例对咖啡氮吸收和生长的影响

为提高咖啡氮肥肥料有效性,采用溶液培养的方法,研究NH4+和NO3- 2种不同形态氮吸收速率、5种铵硝比例(10∶0、7∶3、5∶5、3∶7、0∶10)对咖啡生长及其氮素利用的影响。结果表明,不同形态氮素对咖啡的生长影响差异显著,铵硝混合营养下咖啡的生长明显优于单一形态氮素处理。在单一形态氮素条件下,咖啡对NH4+的最大吸收速率大于对NO3-的最大吸收速率;当2种形态氮素同时存在时,铵态氮会抑制硝态氮的吸收,硝态氮促进铵态氮的吸收;铵态氮促进地上部分生长,但浓度过高反而抑制地上部分生长;硝态氮的增加有利于根系的生长,但抑制了咖啡地上部分的生长。因此,在咖啡苗期,铵硝比例控制在7∶3～3∶7有利于咖啡生长。     

云南小粒速溶咖啡中百菌清提取净化方法研究

[目的]探讨云南小粒速溶咖啡中百菌清的最佳提取净化方法。[方法]分别采用石油醚-丙酮萃取法、固相吸附法及二氯甲烷-丙酮萃取法这3种不同的方法提取净化云南小粒速溶咖啡中的百菌清,并利用高效液相色谱进行加标回收测定,根据回收率的大小和净化方式的繁简,确定最适宜的百菌清测定方法。[结果]3种不同方法提取净化百菌清的加标回收率分别为85.3%、111.4%和118.7%。[结论]通过回收率及净化方式的比较可知,可利用固相吸附法对云南小粒速溶咖啡中的百菌清进行提取纯化。     

云南小粒种咖啡豆精制加工工艺

论述了云南小粒种咖啡豆的精制加工工艺流程及工艺要点,其工艺经过试验验证,设计科学合理,可操作性强,并已投入生产使用。     

海南咖啡产业链发展战略研究

农业产业链发展战略的关键在于找到能够提升产业链核心竞争力的战略环节。咖啡是海南传统和优势的热带作物,但受着不同因素的影响,咖啡产业无法做大做强。通过对海南咖啡产业链影响分析,提出以销售和服务为主导的战略环节,不断拓宽和延伸咖啡产业链,走原产地保护和品牌化建设之路,培育“兴隆咖啡”和“福山咖啡”两大产业集群主体,大力发展咖啡科研、种植、加工、销售和旅游一体化的产业发展模式的思路及对策。     

咖啡品种的特性及历史迁移

中国的咖啡规模化种植历史不足百年,从国外引进品种的渠道窄,品种少,规模化种植的品种不足20个,种植区对各品种的根源及特性了解也不多。阐述各品种的特性,为今后咖啡引种提供理论依据。     

发芽咖啡豆a-半乳糖苷酶的性质研究

[目的]研究发芽咖啡豆a-半乳糖苷酶的酶学性质。[方法]从发芽咖啡豆中提取a-半乳糖苷酶,研究不同温度和pH下的酶活,并确定该酶的最适温度和pH。研究了不同金属离子和不同离子强度（NaC1）对a-半乳糖苷酶酶活的影响。Lineweaver-Burk双倒数作图法测定该酶的Km和Vmu[结果]a-半乳糖苷酶的最适温度和pH分别为45℃、6．0,热稳定温度范围为20～50℃,pH稳定范围为5．0～7．0。Na^＋、K^＋、Mg^2＋和cu^2＋对a-半乳糖苷酶酶活的影响不大,zn^2＋促进酶活,Ba^2＋对酶活稍有抑制,Hg^2＋强烈抑制d．半乳糖苷酶的活性。在0～0．25mol／L离子强度（NaC1）范围内,a-半乳糖苷酶的酶活不受影响。Lineweaver—Burk双倒数作图法测定该酶的k和n。。分别为0．556mmol／L、1．19μmol／min。[结论]该研究为发芽咖啡豆a-半乳糖苷酶的进一步应用提供理论指导。     

Factors influencing the association between active ingredient and adjuvant in the leaf deposit of adjuvant-containing suspoemulsion formulations

BACKGROUND: For an oil adjuvant to enhance uptake of a particulate active ingredient (AI), it is hypothesised that closer association between the two should result in higher uptake. Accordingly, factors important for the spray deposit size on grapevine leaves have been investigated for a series of model suspoemulsion formulations containing colloidal crystalline AI or fluorescent pigment particles and an emulsion of an oil adjuvant with different degrees of wetting and different spray volumes. RESULTS: Low spray volumes (<100 L ha(-1)) produced small deposits with high particle-adjuvant association. Complementary uptake studies showed increased uptake with decreasing deposit size, in agreement with the above hypothesis. Higher spray volumes produced larger deposits that consisted of annuli formed by pinning of the contact line by particles. Low surfactant concentrations favoured particles in the annulus and adjuvant separated in the centre. Intermediate surfactant concentrations produced annuli containing both particles and adjuvant, while with high surfactant concentrations the deposits were large with few annuli.CONCLUSIONS: Small deposits result in high AI-adjuvant association. With larger deposits, annulus structures allow for enhanced AI-adjuvant association (5-20 times greater). The formation of annuli appears to be important in enhancing the biodelivery of particulate AIs in adjuvant-containing suspoemulsion formulations at intermediate spray volumes.     

纬度对云南咖啡质量的影响研究

云南是中国仅有的小粒种咖啡生产省份,也是世界上咖啡种植纬度最北的地区(世界其它咖啡种植最北的纬度为22°N,而云南为25.5°N),具有独特的地理和气候类型。在这次调查研究中,笔者从小粒种咖啡主要种植区普洱、德宏和保山搜集了52个样品,在德国柏林由一个专业杯品测试小组对其进行测评。在对比相同海拔下(大约1 000 m)的不同Catimor7963样品时,发现纬度与杯品质量之间存在正相关。这说明与相同海拔低纬度地区相比,高纬度地区的咖啡豆具有较好的杯品质量。因此纬度可作为杯品质量的一个地理因素。     

Impact of spent coffee grounds as organic amendment on soil fertility and lettuce growth in two Mediterranean agricultural soils

The use of spent coffee grounds (SCG) as organic amendment is a triple solution: a reuse of this bio-residue (6 millions of tons per year), an increase in soil organic carbon (SCG contain 82% of carbohydrates and 13% of proteins) and a decrease in CO₂ emissions into the atmosphere. Thus, we investigate the effect of SCG on soil and plants in an in vitro assay. The variables considered were SCG dose (2.5 and 10%), two agricultural soils (Calcisol and Luvisol), and four cultivation times (15, 30, 45 and 60 days). The chemical and physicochemical soil properties, SEM images and growth parameters were analyzed. The highest dose of SCG increased organic carbon, total N and available K and P by 286%, 188%, 45%, and 9%, respectively, while decreasing lettuce growth by 233% compared to control. The SEM study revealed that SCG particles are incorporated into soil aggregates and microorganisms grow over them, which is also corroborated by a 10-times increase of soil respiration rate. The behavior of both soils differs for some SCG effects. In conclusion, SCG have a great potential to increase soil fertility and further investigations are needed in order to improve the use of SCG as amendment.