楝树在浙江省园林绿化中的应用及前景分析

楝树是我国江南地区重要的四旁绿化树种及速生用材树种,不仅生长速度快、抗性强,还因其花、果的观赏价值较高,是城市绿化的首选树种之一.现主要分析了楝树作为园林绿化树种的优势,借鉴其在南京园林绿化中的应用,指出在浙江省的园林绿化中具有很大的发展前景.     

Pharmacological and therapeutic targets for Δ9 tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol

Summary Cannabis is the unique source of a set of at least 66 compounds known collectively as cannabinoids. Of these, most is known about the pharmacology of ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (⁹-THC), the main psychoactive constituent of cannabis, and about cannabidiol (CBD), which lacks psychoactivity. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the pharmacological and therapeutic targets of these two cannabinoids. Many of the effects of ⁹-THC are mediated by cannabinoid receptors of which at least two types, CB₁ and CB₂, are present in mammalian tissues. Endogenous agonists for cannabinoid receptors have also been discovered. CB₁ receptors are present at the terminals of central and peripheral neurones, where they modulate transmitter release. They also exist in some non-neuronal cells. CB₂ receptors are expressed mainly by immune cells, one of their roles being to alter cytokine release. ⁹-THC also appears to have non-CB₁, non-CB₂ pharmacological targets. It is already licensed for clinical use in the U.S.A. as an anti-emetic and appetite stimulant and both ⁹-THC and ⁹-THC-rich cannabis extracts show therapeutic potential as neuroprotective and anticancer agents and for the management of glaucoma, pain and various kinds of motor dysfunction associated, for example, with multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury. CBD has much less affinity for CB₁ and CB₂ receptors than ⁹-THC and its pharmacological actions have been less well characterized. Potential clinical applications of CBD and CBD-rich cannabis extracts include the production of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, the management of epilepsy, anxiety disorders, glaucoma and nausea, and the modulation of some effects of ⁹-THC.     

辣木食品研究进展

辣木原产于印度北部的喜马拉雅山区,为辣木科辣木属植物。辣木生长速度快,生长量大,并且含有丰富的矿物质元素、蛋白质和维生素等营养成分,全株均可利用。结合辣木营养价值、保健功能及目前饮食结构等,综述辣木食品的研究现状,对我国辣木食品的研发进行展望。     

Bird communities, roads and development: prospects and constraints of applying empirical models

Our objectives were to explain the prospects and constraints of applying empirical models that relate bird community metrics to broad-scale characteristics of roads and development. We explored the practical value of regression models that were derived for a large protected area in the Chihuahuan Desert. These models related bird species richness, relative abundance, or probability of occurrence to total length of roads within each of two spatial extents (1- and 2-km radii), distance to the nearest road, distance to the nearest development, or the two-way interactions of these variables. Empirical models can be used to inform conservation decisions, to parameterise simulation models for conservation planning, to identify threshold levels of road and development variables, and to determine the focus of management experiments for confirmatory hypothesis testing and improvement of model realism.     

“3S”技术在水土保持工作中的应用及展望

随着遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)与全球定位系统(GPS)三项技术的飞速发展,其在水土保持工作中的应用也得到不断加强。基于“3S”技术在水土保持工作中的应用,提出了“3S”技术的集成构想,最后对“3S”技术在水土保持中的应用做了相应的展望。     

免耕播种机防堵技术研究现状与发展趋势

免耕播种机在残茬覆盖地作业是否具备良好的防堵性能,已成为影响免耕播种机生产效率和播种质量的关键因素之一.该文系统分析了免耕播种机防堵的必要性和防堵技术研究现状,提出了免耕播种机应着手找准防堵技术的切入点,加强免耕播种机防堵技术与作业工艺措施有机结合,加强作物残茬的几何特性和机械特性的基础研究,并降低防堵装置功率消耗和转速,提高定向抛撒能力和秸秆覆盖量适应性以及具有安全性能好和作业粉尘低等方面研究,同时加强利用高速摄影和虚拟仪器等现代先进测试仪器与技术开展秸秆抛撒运动规律研究,以探讨改善防堵性能的途径,提高免耕播种机播种质量和生产效率,加快旱地农业保护性耕作技术的推广应用.     

纳他霉素产业发展现状及前景分析

综述了目前国内外纳他霉素的应用领域、行业发展及市场需求状况,并对国内纳他霉素产业发展的前景和存在的问题进行了分析.     

Environmental impacts from herbicide tolerant canola production in Western Canada

The commercial production of herbicide tolerant (HT) canola began in Western Canada in 1997. With more than a decade of use, the actual farm-level environmental impact of HT canola can be evaluated. This article reports on a spring 2007 survey of nearly 600 canola farmers in the three prairie provinces of Western Canada. Producers were asked about their crop production experiences for 2005 and 2006 and expected crop planting for 2007. A reduction in the total number of chemical applications over the 3-year period was reported, resulting in a decrease of herbicide active ingredient being applied to farmland in Western Canada of nearly 1.3 million kg annually. Fewer tillage passes over the survey period were reported, improving moisture conservation, decreasing soil erosion and contributing to carbon sequestration in annual cropland. An estimated 1 million tonnes of carbon is either sequestered or no longer released under land management facilitated by HT canola production, as compared to 1995. The value of this carbon off-set is estimated to be C$5 million. Comparisons with similar studies and against non-adoption of HT canola can guide future decisions about HT canola adoption.     

天然药物的开发及应用前景

天然药物是从植物、动物和微生物等天然资源中开发出来的药物,是药物的一个重要组成部分.在中国,天然药物又称为中草药,更具有自己的特色,本文讲述了天然药物的开发及应用前景.     

石榴籽化学成分及应用研究进展

综述了石榴籽的化学成分及其抗癌、抗痢疾性腹泻、抗氧化、降血糖和雌激素样等药理作用;另外,还阐述了石榴籽油在工业领域的应用价值,揭示了石榴籽在治疗心血管疾病、皮肤癌、女性乳腺癌和糖尿病方面的应用前景。