In vitro effects of Musa x paradisiaca extracts on four developmental stages of Haemonchus contortus

This study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro effect of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf against the parasitic nematode of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus. Three extracts (aqueous, methanolic and/or dichloromethane) of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf were tested in vitro on four developmental stages of H. contortus using egg hatch assay (EHA), larval development assay (LDA), L3 migration inhibition assay (LMI) and adult worm motility assay (AWM). The highly significant (P < 0.0001) ability to stop larval development (inhibition >67% for each extract) and the negative effect of the dichloromethane extract of leaf on adult worm motility (43% of inhibition of motility after 24 h of incubation) compared to the negative controls, suggest anthelmintic properties of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf against H. contortus. The active principles responsible for the activity could be secondary metabolites such as terpenoid and flavonoid compounds present in the leaf and stem of the plant.     

山东地区三株鸽Ⅰ型副粘病毒的分离及鉴定

2005年在山东地区部分肉鸽养殖场出现鸽子大量死亡现象,从死亡鸽中分离到三株鸽Ⅰ型副粘病毒(SD05027,SD05028,SD05029),其鸡胚平均死亡时间(MDT)分别为69h,69.6h,81.6h;鸡脑内接种指数(ICPI)为1.31,1.43,1.48,证明此次分离的三株病毒株均属速发型新城疫病毒。应用RT-PCR技术对F基因重要功能区片段扩增后进行序列测定,分析表明,F蛋白裂解位点处的序列(112R/K-R-Q-K-R-117F)与新城疫强毒在这一区域的序列相符。与多株已报道的NDV参考株相应片段进行序列比对和基因进化树分析,将其鉴定为基因VIb型。     

我国部分地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分离株ORF5基因的遗传变异分析

参考Genbank发表的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PKRSV）ATCC VR-2332的ORF5基因序列，设计并合成了一对引物．对来自福建、浙江、山东等地的PRRSV分离毒株进行RT-PCR扩增．获得约748bp的DNA片断，将其分别克隆入pMD18-T载体中，并进行测序。应用DNAStar软件分析所测序列，并与ATCCVR-2332、CH-1a、MLV、Lv等毒株的ORF5序列进行比较，结果表明：SHDl与F114、MLV、ATCCVR-2332同源性高达98．5％，与CH-1a同源性为91．0％，与其它毒株同源性为86．6％~88．4％；F114与MLV、ATCCVR-2332同源性为99．3％～99．7％．其余分离毒株在遗传关系上和CH-1a又分为明显的两个群．显示近年来各地PRRSV分离毒株与cH-1a株的遗传差异越来越大。     

家蚕微孢子虫(浙江株)α-微管蛋白基因部分片段的克隆及系统发育分析

基于微孢子虫分类学地位的争议,通过克隆家蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis)的α-Tubulin基因,利用BioEditor将核苷酸序列翻译成氨基酸序列,并从NCBI中收集不同物种的α-Tubulin基因,用CLUSTALX(1.81)、Mega2以及在线生物信息学软件CLUSTALW(1.83)分析序列并构建系统发育树。结果显示:家蚕微孢子虫及其它微孢子虫与真菌聚为一类,且微孢子虫以一个独立群与接合菌(zygomycetes)的噬虫霉属(Entomophaga)、耳霉属(Conidiobolus)关系最近,与子囊菌(ascomycetes)、担子菌(basidiomycetes)、壶菌(chytrids)及其它接合菌互为姐妹群。     

Can incidental sighting data be used to elucidate habitat preferences and areas of suitable habitat for a cryptic species?

The involvement of communities in ecological studies has been shown to augment conservation efforts, especially for cryptic species. However, there is a lack of studies addressing the utility of incidental sighting records from community members in gaining knowledge on habitat preferences and distribution of suitable habitat for these organisms. This study compares preferences of the Lumholtz's tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi ; LTK), a cryptic rainforest folivore in northeastern Australia, for various habitat and climatic variables derived from data collected during scientific projects to those derived from incidental sighting records using ArcGIS and Maxent. Incidental sighting records suggest that the species uses a wider range of altitudes, annual rainfalls, annual mean temperatures and vegetation types than predicted by scientific studies. Incidental records also show that the species can persist in areas of lower rainfall during the wettest month and lower minimum temperature during the coldest month. Both data place the species within a comparable range of rainfalls during the driest month, maximum temperatures of the warmest month and soil types. When using identified preferences to assess the extent and distribution of suitable habitat, incidental records predicted more areas of suitable habitat than scientific records with an overlap of up to 91% between them. The present study proves that incidental sighting records can be a valuable part of the study of cryptic species and should be considered complementarily alongside scientific studies to obtain comprehensive ecological information of a species that can assist in its conservation.     

禽I型副粘病毒广西分离株F基因序列及毒力的研究

对源于鸡、鹅、鸽的 9株APMV_1广西分离株及我国常用的中发型疫苗毒株I系 (Mukteswar株 )的F基因N_端前段进行了RT_PCR扩增 ,产物进行核苷酸序列测定 ,用基因分析软件DNAStar进行分析并与已发表的其它参考毒株进行比较。结果发现 ,广西分离株在裂解位点的氨基酸组成和排列均符合强毒株的特征 ;根据F基因绘制的系谱树来看 ,广西鸡和鹅分离株都归属于基因型VII,证实近年来广西流行的基因型与国内其他地区的相同 ;并发现中发型疫苗毒株I系 (Mukteswar株 )也属于基因型VII。研究还对分离株进行了常规的毒力和致病性测定试验 ,并与根据F基因序列特征判定的结果相比较 ,结果发现其中一株鸽源和两株鹅源分离株根据常规方法判定的结果与毒株在临床上的致病性不相符 ,而根据F基因序列特征判定的结果与毒株在临床上的致病性相一致     

奶牛附红细胞体16S rRNA基因的克隆、测序及系统发育进化树的建立

为了从分子水平上证实奶牛附红细胞体的存在及研究其分类学地位,利用原核生物16S rRNA基因通用引物对分离纯化的疑似奶牛附红细胞体进行16S rRNA基因的PCR扩增及克隆测序。结果扩增出长约1.5 kb的目的片段,测序结果表明:目的片段长度为1 439 bp,其核苷酸序列与国外已发表的牛温氏附红细胞体(E.wenyoni)的16SrRNA基因片段同源性高达97.1%,暂称为中国广西株(E.wenyoniCGX)。系统发育进化树显示:E.wenyoni和其他血营养菌在系统进化关系上组成了一个大的进化分支,与支原体科、支原体属的病原最接近(75%),而与立克次体科的病原较远(55%)。分析结果支持了Nei mark等和Messick等提出的将这类血营养菌划归支原体科、支原体属的建议。     

天山北坡草地遥感分类及其精度分析

基于遥感资料的植被类型划分能快速获得大尺度的植被覆盖变化数据。采用遥感和GIS技术,利用天山北坡典型草地2008年Landsat 5 TM遥感影像和1999年Landsat 7 ETM+全色波段数据,在对遥感影像预处理的基础上,进行了数据融合处理。根据融合影像的纹理特征进行监督分类,将研究区域的植被初步分为8种主要覆盖类型,在监督分类的基础上借助专家知识系统构建决策树,进一步将草地分为5类,包括平原荒漠、平原沙漠、低山荒漠、温性草甸和高寒草甸,最后对分类结果进行精度评价,总精度在95%以上,总Kappa系数为0.939 6,间隔9年的影像融合和决策树分类方法在研究区植被分类中具有较高的可行性。     

互叶白千层油(茶树油)对肉鸡小肠黏膜组织结构及肠道免疫细胞的影响

选用1日龄的雌性岭南黄肉鸡99只,随机分为3组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组,每组33只。对照组常规饲养,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组分别在饮水中添加0.012 mL/L和0.020 mL/L的茶树油,试验至45日龄结束。解剖取十二指肠、空肠、回肠进行HE染色和PAS染色,观察小肠黏膜形态、上皮内淋巴细胞及杯状细胞数目。结果显示,2个试验组与对照组相比,各段小肠的绒毛长度增加,肠壁变薄,隐窝深度变浅,肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值增加;2个试验组的上皮内杯状细胞和淋巴细胞的数目高于对照组。结果表明,茶树油能够改善肉鸡小肠黏膜结构,增加小肠上皮内免疫细胞数量,提示茶树油对肉鸡的肠道吸收和肠道免疫功能具有增强作用。     

苹果渣浸液培养嗜酸乳杆菌条件的研究

以苹果鲜渣为原料,利用嗜酸乳杆菌发酵其浸提液,以活菌数为主要指标,通过单因素试验和响应面分析(RSM)对发酵条件进行优化,确定嗜酸乳杆菌发酵苹果渣浸液的最佳工艺条件为:料水比为1:8～1:10,100℃浸提50～60 min,过滤,添加1.56%酵母粉,1.54%乳清粉,发酵28.14 h,活菌数可达到5.24×109 cfu/ml。