抗体检测技术在基层畜牧业生产中的指导作用

本文主要根据作者自身工作经验,从抗体检测技术原理,基层常用的抗原抗体反应实验,以及抗体检测技术在指导畜牧业生产中的重要作用等方面进行阐述,说明了抗体检测技术在制定免疫程序、疾病诊断、疫苗评估及免疫效果评价等领域发挥着积极的作用。     

Evaluation of Caspase-3 and Ki-67 expression in squamous cell hyperplasia of the stomach induced by Platycodi radix water extract in Sprague–Dawley rats

Platycodi radix is widely used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. This study aimed to investigate cell proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (Caspase-3) potential in squamous cell hyperplasia of the stomach induced by a Platycodi radix water extract in a subchronic toxicity study. One hundred formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded stomach tissues of rats treated with Platycodi radix at doses of 0, 500, 1,000, and 3,000 mg/kg body weight/day were used for the analysis. They were conventionally stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemically (IHC) stained using caspase-3 and Ki-67 antibodies. The incidence of squamous cell hyperplasia was significantly increased in the 3,000 mg/kg b.w./day treatment group in both sexes (p<0.01). However, the hyperplastic change was completely repaired after 4 weeks of recovery period. Ki-67 expression was similar in all groups, with no statistically significant differences among the groups. Caspase-3 expression was significantly increased in both sexes in the 3,000 mg/kg b.w./day treatment group (p<0.01), compared with the vehicle control groups, and then reduced to normal levels in the recovery groups in both sexes. In conclusion, this study showed that squamous cell hyperplasia induced by the Platycodi radix water extract in the limiting ridge of the stomach is not considered to be abnormal proliferative change; as a result, squamous cell hyperplasia is considered to be a non-adverse effect when induced by the oral administration of the Platycodi radix water extract once daily for 13 weeks in rats.     

一株高病毒载量 PCV2 毒株的基因组特征及序列分析

【目的】了解广东省某猪群中猪圆环病毒 2 型（Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2）流行毒株的遗传进化情况,丰富 PCV2 分子流行病学数据,为当地 PCV2 疫苗候选株的选用和研发提供参考。【方法】使用 qPCR 方法对疑似 PCV2 的样品进行检测,发现 1 株具有高病毒载量的 PCV2 毒株,命名为 GD222858。通过 PCR 方法进行全基因组分子克隆及遗传进化分析。使用 MegAlign 软件将该毒株 ORF1、ORF2 基因编码的氨基酸序列与 PCV2 同亚型参考毒株进行比对,分析氨基酸序列的相似性;采用 DNAStar 预测该毒株的 Cap 蛋白二级结构及 B 细胞表位,并与 4 株疫苗株 DBN-SX07-2（HM641752）、LG（HM038034）、SH（HM038027）、ZJ（AY686764）的 Cap 蛋白抗原指数进行比对分析。【结果】GD222858 毒株基因组长度为 1 767 bp。遗传进化分析表明该毒株属于 PCV2d 亚型。与国内外 82 株参考毒株的核苷酸相似性为 91.4%~99.6%,与越南毒株 Han8（GenBank 登录号：JQ181600）的亲缘关系最近。在 ORF1 编码的 Rep 蛋白处发现多个特异性突变位点 F70Y、F77L、W202R、N256S;ORF2 编码的Cap 蛋白相对保守。Protean 预测 Cap 蛋白的氨基酸第 5~18、24~25、39~41、48~49、57~65、99、101、112~114、139~140、145~150、162~165、175~181、188~189、205~211、227~232 位 置 处 均 可 能 存 在 潜 在 的 B 细 胞 表 位。GD222858 毒株的 Cap 蛋白抗原指数与 4 株疫苗株均有差异,在氨基酸 45~57、124~132、223~233 位置处抗原指数明显高于 4 株疫苗株,且与疫苗株 HM038034 差异最大。【结论】GD222858 毒株感染猪群的原因可能是 Rep 蛋白多个位点发生特异性突变及疫苗株选用不当所致。     

鳖源嗜水气单胞菌M-96株表面抗原分析

用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ、免疫印迹技术分析嗜水气单胞菌Ｍ－９６株表面抗原,表明该菌体表面抗原是由分子量为３０ＫＤ、３３ＫＤ、３６Ｋ和３９ＫＤ的蛋白质和脂多糖组成,其中部分对胃蛋白酶敏感。     

重氮化法合成全抗原的研究

[目的]制备氯霉素全抗原,探索氯霉素合成的方法,为动物免疫试验作准备。[方法]采用重氮化法合成氯霉素卵清蛋白全抗原,通过紫外法和红外光谱法测定合成的偶联效果。[结果]重氮化法可用于制备较高偶联率的氯霉素全抗原,用于免疫动物制备抗体。[结论]该研究为合成高效价的抗体奠定了基础。     

镉胁迫对拟南芥幼苗形态生理和错配修复相关基因表达的影响研究

以拟南芥为供试材料,从形态指标、生理指标、分子指标3个层次研究了镉（Cd）的毒理效应,筛选Cd敏感生物标记物。分子指标的研究以18S rRNA为看家基因, 错配修复基因MutS 2 homolog（atMSH2）, atMSH3,atMSH7,细胞增殖核抗原1 和2（atPCNA1和atPCNA2）为检测目的基因,采用半定量反转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）技术研究Cd胁迫对上述错配修复相关基因表达的影响。结果表明,不同浓度（0、0.125、0.25、1.0、3.0 mg·L^-1）Cd 处理7 d后,根长随Cd胁迫强度的增加而降低; 0.125 mg·L^-1 Cd处理下,地上部可溶性蛋白含量显著增加,而在0.25、1.0和3.0 mg·L^-1 Cd时降低,但仍高于对照;幼苗叶片数、地上部鲜重、叶绿素含量变化与对照相比差异均不显著。地上部atMSH2,atPCNA1,atPCNA2基因表达量的变化与Cd胁迫浓度呈明显的倒U字型关系,分别在0.125,0.25和0.125 mg·L^-1 Cd时达到最大值。以上结果表明,地上部可溶性蛋白含量变化与上述3个错配修复相关基因表达量的改变趋势相符,且均对Cd污染胁迫较敏感,可以作为检测Cd污染及其相关生物学效应的潜在生物标记物。     

鸡大肠杆菌荚膜多糖——蛋白质抗原免疫原性的研究

用碳化二亚胺作为交联剂将荚膜多糖与载体蛋白质交联后加入蜂胶佐剂制成疫苗免疫鸡只。７周龄同源菌株攻毒结果表明，荚膜多糖－破伤风类毒素苗组鸡有很好的保护效果且试验重复性好；在免疫后３个月的同源攻毒保护指数也达１３／２０以上。但对异源菌株的攻毒没有明显保护效果。该研究采用微量法间接血凝试验检测了免疫鸡抗体水平。     

大肠癌p53的表达与病理、PCNA、CEA及p53、PCNA、CEA与淋巴结转移的关系

目的：研究大肠癌p53的表达与病理、增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）、癌胚抗原（CEA）及p53、PC-NA、CEA与淋巴结转移的关系。方法：应用链霉菌素-生物素（SP）免疫组化法，观察44例经病理确诊的大肠癌石腊标本中的p53表达、PCNA的阳性率和CEA的表达型式。结果：大肠癌p53阳性表达率为52．3％；大肠癌p53阳性表达与性别、年龄及肿瘤的部位、分化程度和湿润深度无关（P＞0．05），p53阳性表达者其淋巴结转移率较阴性者高（P＜0．05）；p53阳性表达及有淋巴结转移者其细胞增殖活性分别较p53阴性表达及无淋巴结转移者高（P＜0．05）；p53阳性表达及有淋巴结转移者其CEA表型均以胞浆型和间质型为主（P＜0．05）。结论：检测p53和PCNA表达及CEA表型对判断大肠癌的恶性程度、预测其林巴结转移趋势和预后及指导临床治疗有重要价值。     

草鱼免疫防病技术操作方法

草鱼免疫保证有效抗原和防止抗原流失,是免疫成功的关键;组织免疫服务队伍是持久普及推广免疫防病技术的保证措施。     

Effect of CHOP expression knock-down on apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells

AIM:To study the effect of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) on the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells. METHODS:The serum mRNA levels of CHOP in the patients with acute kidney injury and healthy controls were detected by qPCR. In vitro, renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells were divided into control group, negative group (transfected with negative control siRNA), si-CHOP group (transfected with CHOP siRNA), and induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The viability of the cells was measured by MTT assay, and the apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of nuclear antigen Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with the healthy controls, the serum mRNA levels of CHOP in the patients with acute kidney injury were increased significantly (P<0.05). Transfection with CHOP siRNA significantly decreased the expression of CHOP in the renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells (P<0.05). Knock-down of CHOP expression by siRNA significantly increased the viability of renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells (P<0.05), decreased the apoptotic rate (P<0.05), increased the expression of Ki-67 and PCNA (P<0.05), and down-regulated the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:The serum mRNA levels of CHOP were increased in the patients with acute kidney injury. Knock-down of CHOP expression inhibits the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating the expression of proliferation-and apoptosis-related proteins.