伦敦奥运会男篮比赛评析* ——兼论中国男篮差距

通过对伦敦奥运会男篮比赛分析发现,来源于欧美职业篮球联赛队员数量决定各队竞技实力,体现各国运动员国际流动与交融发展新趋势;欧、美球队呈现“高、快、灵、准、全、悍、变、星”的进攻特征及防守“以球权争夺为核心,球、人、区、时空兼顾”的先进理念;当前世界篮球区域发展不均衡,美洲占据竞技优势,欧洲整体水平高,亚、非洲实力弱,呈欧美全面抗衡格局;中国男篮竞技水平和成绩下滑明显,运动员身体机能指标和得分、失分、投篮次数、命中率、篮板球、助攻、失误、抢断指标与世界强队存在显著性差异（P﹤0.05）,盖帽、犯规无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,表现出个人能力、技战术风格、整体攻防与世界强队全方位差距,并呈逐步拉大趋势。     

Population differentiation and genetic variation inform translocation decisions for Liatris scariosa var. novae-angliae, a rare New England grassland perennial

Augmentation of small rare species populations is sometimes suggested on genetic grounds. However, outbreeding depression via dilution of local adaptation or break-up of genomic coadaptation may occur. These effects depend on the causes of population divergence. Here, we compare genetic measures of population divergence in Liatris scariosa var. novae-angliae, a rare New England perennial. We measured G_ST, neutral marker subdivision, and Q_ST, quantitative subdivision of propagule and juvenile plant traits. G_ST was relatively high. Q_ST for leaf shape exceeded G_ST, indicating local adaptation, while Q_ST for other traits fell within or below the G_ST range. Local adaptation appears low for juvenile traits, although the high G_ST cautions against translocation because of potential coadaptation. If translocation is still required, however, donor populations should contain high quantitative genetic diversity. We assess population size and allozyme diversity as predictors of quantitative genetic variation, but find these poor proxies for direct measurement.     

凉水国家级自然保护区狍冬季对微生境的选择

2008年11—12月份,在凉水国家级自然保护区采用样线法对狍的冬季微生境选择做了研究。一共测定了76个利用样方以及81个对照样方的20种生态因子。结果表明,凉水自然保护区狍冬季偏好选择位于针阔混交林、最近乔木距离3m、最近乔木高度在10m之内、最近乔木郁闭度60%、最近灌木距离0.5m、最近灌木基径在0.4～1.0cm,针叶树百分比在1%～25%,乔木密度0.14株/m2,灌木密度0.10丛/m2,1m以下植被覆盖度1%,2.5m以下植被覆盖度4%,坡度1°～3°、雪深17cm,海拔340～370m,人为干扰距离1000m的生境。主成分分析显示前7个主成分的特征值都大于1,且累积的贡献率达到87.522%,说明这7个成分基本上包括了狍微生境的信息,其中最近乔木胸径、最近灌木基径、1m以下植被覆盖度对第一主成分的贡献较大;最近乔木胸径、坡度对第二主成分的贡献较大;最近灌木高度、针叶树百分比对第三主成分的贡献较大。     

Michigan Mute Swan Management: A Case Study to Understand Contentious Natural Resource Management Issues

U.S. state fish and wildlife agencies have responded to perceived ecological and social threats posed by mute swans by implementing population control strategies. In Michigan, some stakeholder groups have vocally opposed particular control activities. To better understand and characterize key aspects of the underlying media dialogue about mute swan management in Michigan, one factor in the development of public perceptions about wildlife issues, we conducted a qualitative content analysis of Michigan-specific online news articles. Results revealed tensions between stakeholder groups about management priorities were rooted in differing ideas about healthy social and ecological systems, appropriate wildlife behavior, and the acceptability of lethal control (i.e., shooting living birds). Characterizing which stakeholder groups aligned with particular arguments might allow managers to tailor and direct messaging to specific audiences.     

河南栽培大豆的RAPD品种鉴定和聚类分析

用CTAB法提取了10个大豆品种总DNA,使用RAPD技术对其进行了品种鉴定和聚类分析。从73条随机引物中筛选出12条扩增出较稳定DNA条带的引物扩增这些品种总DNA,共扩增出67条带,大小0．2-5 kb,每种引物扩增出4-9条带;多态性条带共51条,多态性比例为76．12％。利用SPSS11．0软件所做的统计分析和聚类分析结果表明,10个品种间的相似系数在0．528-0．776之间,平均相似系数为0．641 6;可聚成3类:豫豆24号、周豆11号、周豆 12号、豫豆11号、周豆13号、豫豆6号,可聚为A类;中作98-3和豫豆15号可聚为B类;豫豆26号和豫豆22号聚为 C类。同一类品种间体现了一定的相关性。     

Benefits of prophylactic gastropexy for dogs at risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus

The lifetime probability of death from gastric dilation–volvulus (GDV) for five dog breeds was estimated based on published breed-specific longevity and GDV incidence. These breeds were Great Dane, Irish Setter, Rottweiler, Standard Poodle and Weimaraner. Lifetime risk (95% CI) of GDV in these breeds ranged from 3.9% (0–11.2%) for Rottweiler to 36.7% (25.2–44.6%) for Great Dane.

A decision-tree analysis for prophylactic gastropexy—using lifetime probability of death from GDV and expected cost savings for veterinary services as outcome measures—was undertaken to determine the preferred course of action in several dog breeds. Prophylactic gastropexy was the preferred choice of action for all breeds examined, with the reduction in mortality (versus no gastropexy) ranging from 2.2-fold (Rottweiler) to 29.6-fold (Great Dane). Assuming a prophylactic gastropexy costs US$ 400, the procedure was cost-effective when the lifetime risk of GDV was ≥34%. The maximum and minimum estimated breakeven costs for the gastopexy procedure ranged from US$ 20 (Rottweiler) to US$ 435 (Great Dane). The cost-effectiveness of prophylactic gastropexy was most sensitive to the cost of treating GDV (US$ 1500). Prophylactic gastropexy raises ethical issues that need to be considered by veterinarians and dog breeders.     

RFLP analysis allows for the identification of alfalfa ecotypes

Three seed lots, obtained from different ‘foundation farms’, for each of the alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., ecotypes ‘Vogherese’ and ‘Maremmana’, together with the variety ‘Iside’ as a control, were studied to test the possibility of distinguishing them through restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Twenty plants per seed lot were analysed with 25 DNA probes that yielded 155 informative polymorphic fragments. Variance partitioning showed that within‐population variability accounted for nearly 98% of the total variance, while a small but significant contribution to the total variance was due to among‐lot variability.‘Vogherese’ was more homogeneous than ‘Maremmana’, as a consequence of the greater environmental homogeneity of the adaptation area of the former ecotype compared with the latter. Bulk analysis yielded eight variety‐specific bands, 12 bands present in both ecotypes and absent in the variety and one band specific of ‘Maremmana’. Results are discussed in relation to the practical use of molecular markers for alfalfa ecotype identification.     

城镇化对农民增收的作用

增加农民收入是解决“三农”问题的核心。从农民收入构成和变化趋势以及农民家庭经营收入的增长因素等方面进行研究,认为农民收入增长的主要源泉是农民工资性收入的增加。因此,城镇化建设对农民收入增加具有重要作用,应从推力和拉力两方面来加快城镇化建设,为增加农民收入创造条件。     

蛋白质相互作用网络研究的引文分析

目的：通过对蛋白质相互作用网络文献的同被引分析,得出其研究热点。方法：下载SCI数据库中蛋白质相互作用网络文献及其引文,统计引文频次,取被引频次超过33、累计百分比约为10%的58篇文献作为高被引论文,对来源-引文矩阵进行层次聚类分析,利用Ucinet软件对高被引文献的同被引矩阵进行k核分析,阅读文献得到该主题的研究热点。结果：高被引文献聚类分析得到6个研究热点。结论：蛋白质相互作用网络的热点主要集中于蛋白质相互作用网络数据的分析处理、生物网络中功能模块的研究、蛋白质相互作用的数据库建立、蛋白质相互作用网络拓扑结构的分析、关于蛋白质相互作用数据的分析软件、蛋白质相互作用网络的预测。     

南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡磷虾渔场夏秋季汤氏纽鳃樽食物组成及其影响因素研究

为了研究南极磷虾渔场汤氏纽鳃樽的食物组成及其影响因素,实验基于2020年3—4月在布兰斯菲尔德海峡采集到的汤氏纽鳃樽样本,通过分析肠道内容物确定了其食物组成,并进一步分析了其食性的月间以及生活史阶段间差异.结果发现,汤氏纽鳃樽主要摄食硅藻和浮游动物,还少量摄食纤毛虫、原生动物等,优势饵料为羽状环毛藻;汤氏纽鳃樽的摄食存...