Greenland cod (Gadus morhua): modeling recruitment variation during the second half of the 20th century

Two approaches were used to qualify observed variability in Greenland cod (Gadus morhua) recruitment. In the first analysis, we used the linear trend of the Greenland cod recruitment time series and climatic variables, such as air temperatures from the Denmark Strait and wind conditions off East Greenland and Southwest Greenland, to explain the interannual variation in cod recruitment off Greenland. The model resulting from this ‘trend/environmental approach’, explained 79% of the interannual variation in cod recruitment off Greenland. In the second, analytical approach, the ‘regime approach’, multiple linear regression models were used, with the input data being the time series of cod recruitment and spawning stock biomass (SSB) from Iceland and Greenland, sea surface and air temperatures around Greenland, and zonal wind components between Iceland and Greenland. Model results indicated that, during the decades between 1950 and 1990, there were three different cause–effect regimes which significantly influenced the variability of cod recruitment. The three regimes included: (a) the 1950s and 1960s, a regime with favorable sea surface temperatures and a self‐sustaining cod stock off Greenland with high SSB that produced a series of above‐average, strong year classes; (b) the 1970s and 1980s, a regime of declining SSB and recruitment, with recruitment dependent on advection from Iceland; and (c) the 1990s, when the advective potential for recruitment from the Icelandic cod stock was the only available source for replenishment of the Greenland cod stocks, because cod recruitment in Greenland waters was negligible. The three models explained 76–77% of the observed interannual variation in cod recruitment off Greenland. Both approaches suggested that advective factors were the dominant influences for cod recruitment in the ‘Iceland–Greenland System’.     

中国西部地区气温资料的统计降尺度研究

利用再分析资料,通过降尺度方法可以获取陆面过程模型以及陆面数据同化系统所需要的气温、风场、比湿、辐射、降水等高质量驱动数据。通过气温资料的降尺度分析,以ERA-40再分析资料作为背景场,使用地统计学方法建立中国西部气温观测场的观测误差协方差,使用IV方法估计背景误差协方差,利用最优插值法生成了中国西部地区2000年空间...     

准格尔盆地南缘不同生态功能区夏季空气负离子浓度特征

[目的]对准格尔盆地南缘不同生态功能区夏季空气负离子浓度进行监测和分析,为不同地区空气质量评价提供参考依据。[方法]分别就不同生态功能区(水体、林区、停车场、聚集区)进行空气负离子浓度监测及评价,通过AIC-1000型空气离子测量仪进行数据采集并运用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。[结果](1)不同区域生态功能区空气负离子浓度变化由高到低依次为:精河天池哈密巴尔鲁克,且精河、天池与哈密、巴尔鲁克之间差异显著(p0.05);(2)不同生态功能区中水体和林区空气负离子浓度含量较高,且空气负离子浓度随时间的变化出现早、晚较高,中午较低的动态变化趋势;(3)空气质量等级指标:天池(A级,1.28±0.42ind/cm3)精河(A级,1.16±0.08ind/cm3)哈密(D级,0.33±0.14ind/cm3)巴尔鲁克(D级,0.32±0.03ind/cm3);(4)不同天气状况对空气负离子浓度影响较大,主要表现为:雨天(699ind/cm3)沙尘(507ind/cm3)晴天(428ind/cm3)阴天(395ind/cm3)。[结论]不同生态功能区空气质量变化与空气负离子浓度变化基本一致,空气质量沿准格尔盆地南缘由东到西呈现劣—优—劣的分布规律。     

立式内浮顶油罐瘪罐现象分析

针对立式内浮顶油罐遭受热带风暴侵袭后瘪罐事故屡有发生的现象,采用ANSYS软件建立有限元模型,对立式油罐进行了几何非线性分析,计算得出风压导致的变形量较小,表明风压对瘪罐事故的影响较小。同时,对呼吸阀的输送能力进行了分析,结果表明,温度骤降时机械呼吸阀换气量不足是导致事故的主要原因。根据分析结果,提出了提高储罐安全性的建议。     

太白近50年气温变化特征分析

利用太白1960—2009年的气温资料,采用趋势系数、曼-肯德尔法、信噪比等对太白气温变化进行分析,结果表明：近50年来太白年平均气温呈显著上升趋势,其上升速率为0.32℃/10a,并且于90年代初发生突变。四季气温均呈明显或显著的上升趋势,以冬季气温上升最为显著,其次是春季;各月平均气温均呈上升趋势,以2月上升最为显著,其次是4月。     

Performance in Full Fresh Air Mode of Centralised Air-conditioning System for Shopping Malls in Chinas Hot Summer Region

Based on the analysis of the outdoor weather condition in Chinas hot summer region, it is found that the full fresh air mode can work in the whole winter and half of the time in transition season. Thus, about 30%-60% runtime of the artificial cold source can be reduced. It studies the control strategies at different conditions of indoor load, ventilation and indoor air temperature and humidity by analyzing two control modes-enthalpy control and temperature control. It shows that the higher the indoor load is, the more efficient the full fresh air mode is. And the airflow is better to be set as 6~8 h-1. Since the indoor air parameter has great influence on energy saving, it is necessary to set different indoor air parameters in different seasons by taking the effect of temperature difference on human thermal comfort into consideration. It is also found that the enthalpy control mode can be used in winter and in transition season, while the temperature control mode can be applied in summer. If the full fresh air mode were adopted, it would cut down the energy consumption by 100~180 kWh/m2 and the carbon emission by 30~50 kg/m2 each year.     

Physiological Experiment for Human Thermal Comfort of Air Flow in Summer

A physiological and psychological experiment was conducted in summer, 2008 to ascertain the effect of air flow on human thermal comfort in hot summer. The statistics analysis shows that air flow makes physiological index and thermal sensation an obvious drop tendency, which is correlated to the air temperature of indoor environment. The lower the air temperature is, the greater the physiological index and the thermal comfort drop. But when the temperature is up to about 34℃, the air flow almost does not make any change to physiological index while the human sensation is still improved. These results indicate that air flow can improve human thermal comfort to some extent, but the improvement has limits. Higher air temperature, strong wind and long time exposure to wind can lead to uncomfortableness.     

Application of multivariate statistics in model experimental analysis of air cushion towing of 4-suction anchor platform

This paper coducts model tests on a 1∶20 scaled model of four-suction anchor platform. The acceleration, the internal air pressure, the bottom water pressure of the suction anchors and towing force of the suction anchor platform are determined in series of towing combinations with different wave direction, wave velocity, wave period, towing velocity, towing points, towline length and tilt angle. Cluster analyses are used to classify the combinations of towing and factor analyses one used to analyze the mechanical characters. The correlative matrix is obtained which can reflect the correlation of mechanical characters. The factor analysis results show that 85% the total variance is attributed to the former six factors, and the factor scores of the towing combinations was obtained to find the most disadvantageous combinations and the mechanical characters which can lead to the disadvantageous results. The analysis results can be used for consulting the practical application.     

脱粒滚筒滚幅盘加工与拉伸模设计

脱粒装置是联合收获机的关键工作部件,其结构设计与制造工艺在很大程度上决定着联合收获机的工作性能。脱粒滚筒是脱粒装置核心部件,钉齿式脱粒滚筒主要包括滚筒轴、辐盘、齿杆和钉齿等部件。幅盘是钉齿式脱离滚筒的主要支撑件,其结构、强度、加工工艺性以及选材直接影响着脱离滚筒的使用可靠性。为此,通过对此盘类件的结构、性能及加工工艺分析,合理地设计幅盘拉伸模具,有效地利用激光切割机板材孔类切割的高效性和单点压力机气顶的双重作用,在保证加工质量的同时,最大限度地减少了模具投入和加工工序,降低了制造成本,产生了良好的经济效益。