关于茶艺审美特征的思考

茶艺是茶文化研究的核心内容之一,是以饮茶方式为对象的具有规范仪式的审美创造活动.本文论述了茶艺作为一种形象的认识,它具有仪式化、人格表现、情趣与意象、大众性四大审美特征:仪式化使茶艺成为一个可认知的审美对象,人格表现是茶艺的审美核心,情趣与意象是茶艺的审美内容,大众化是茶艺作为日常生活美学存在的特征.茶艺是一种审美化的仪式,是仪式化的生活艺术.     

西方语境的中国古典园林审美认知历史溯源

中国古典园林审美不仅仅在中国文化体系中进行讨论,随着全球化进程,西方语境学者也逐渐涉及相关的内容。尝试寻找一种跨文化的“他者”视角,梳理近3个世纪以来西方语境的中国古典园林审美认知经历的3个主要阶段。以18世纪为开端,经过19—20世纪借助西译艺术著作和海外园林建设实现对审美理解从印象到真实的转变,到进入21世纪后诞生的跨学科的诸多新观,这个过程中展现出以中国传统园林审美为代表的打破自身线性历史的闭关自守,回归全球语境的未来中国古典园林研究趋势。     

Soundscape effects on visiting experience in city park: A case study in Fuzhou,China

The main objective of this study was to reveal the relationships between sound/soundscape perception and public visiting experience in city parks, based on a questionnaire survey of 146 park users in West Lake park in Fuzhou, China. The results indicated that, the three visiting experience indicators, i.e., soundscape tranquil degree (STD), landscape aesthetic degree (LAD) and visiting satisfaction degree (VSD) were positively related with each other, and LAD (correlation coefficients = 0.728, p < 0.01) was more associated with VSD than STD (correlation coefficients = 0.565, p < 0.01). Perception of certain individual sounds was found in close relationships with the three indicators. Specifically, STD showed the most significant relationships with harmonious degree of individual sounds, where perception of traffic sounds showed the most negative effects, while perception of music related sounds and water sound showed positive effects. LAD was more associated with perceived occurrences of individual sounds, where traffic sounds and music related sounds showed the most significant effects again. Both perceived occurrences and dominant degree of individual sounds showed the most and equal relationships with VSD. Specifically, mechanical sounds showed the most negative effects, and dog barking showed significant negative effects too, while music related sounds could be the only kind of sound positively contributed to VSD. Social/demographical/behavioral factors and visit motivations all showed significant relationships with individual sound perception and visiting experience. Considering the effects of all associated factors, key factors were detected for each of the visiting experience indicators. All the three visiting experience indicators showed negative relationships with certain traffic sounds, while tree rustling sound was the only sound showing positive relationship with STD. Age was the most important social/demographical/behavioral factor showing positive relationships with LAD and VSD. The research results provided theoretical references for management and design of soundscapes to contribute to more satisfied experiences in city parks.     

桉木美学家具设计与工艺研究

为探索美学家具设计和桉木高值利用的可行途径,本文综合运用仿生学、设计学、木材美学和木材加工工艺学等多学科知识,从作品设计、制作工艺和作品分析三个方面系统讨论了两款以桉木为原料的美学家具.结果表明:通过合适的模具设计,采用单板层积材的生产工艺,可以用桉木单板生产出多拐点的复杂曲面板材.将这种多拐点的复杂曲面板材应用于家具设计与生产,可以获得兼具实用和审美功效的桉木美学家具.通过桉木美学家具的研发和生产,可望实现桉木资源的高值利用.     

The cultural landscape of Sintra,a UNESCO World Heritage Site—The balance between forest restoration and carbon stock

Sintra’s Cultural Landscape is a World Heritage Site and was the first cultural landscape to be listed in Europe by UNESCO, in 1995. It is a privileged ecosystem with natural and cultural value classified as priorities for conservation. Parques de Sintra-Monte da Lua is a state-owned company established to restore, maintain and promote the public properties in the World Heritage Site. The forest assumes an important role in Sintra’s Cultural Landscape with the gradual removal of undesirable species and their replacement with multiple native tree species as one of the goals of forest management. Two aspects should be considered by the forest manager: opposing public opinion in terms of cutting dominant trees, most of the time linked with childhood memories and feelings, and its impact on the ecosystem’s carbon stock. Removal and replacement of trees is part of the management of cultural landscapes and concerns like carbon stock and biomass losses cannot be priorities of the forest manager. This work evaluates the carbon stock balance obtained in a 20 ha forest by the removal of undesirable tree species and their replacement by native species. Twenty six inventory plots were measured and carbon stock was estimated to define the baseline of the study. Age-independent individual tree diameter equations, species specific height-diameter equations, and biomass allometric tree equations were used to estimate carbon in a 30-year horizon. Three management scenarios were considered. The results show that, after 30 years, the contribution of the native species to the carbon stock is small compared with the baseline carbon values, compensating only 30% of the carbon losses associated to forest restoration. Conflict management in a context of Cultural Landscape Forest is discussed.     

体育教学中的美育渗透

体育教学的目的是培养学生终身体育的意识和能力。在体育教学中渗透美育是素质教育的要求,应根据学生的心理和生理特点,培养他们的形体美、心灵美和创造美。     

浅议梅花造景

梅花具有多种优良的品性,不仅姿态美好,寓意深远,而且易于栽培,是园林设计中的常用花木。该文从梅花生态习性、品种分类、梅花文化欣赏及其与园林其他元素搭配的角度,初步探讨和总结了梅花的造景方法。     

基于格式塔心理学的景观形式审美研究

从知觉场、完形感知和异质同构3个方面解析了人体知觉的格式塔机理,结合景观艺术的综合性、空间性和功能性3个特征,总结出景观形式美感表征的4项规律:平衡感、多样性的统一、节奏与韵律、功能与形式的融合。     

输出立场与美学立场在高校英美文学课程中的应用

本论文以罗森布莱特的读者反应理论为参照,通过在实际教学中的调查数据,探究以下问题:教师在课堂上使用美学式教学和输出式教学分别对学生的学习动力以及学生对文学作品的理解会产生什么样的影响;在高校英美文学的教学中,教师应如何有效地利用美学式教学和输出式教学。     

园林美与音乐美

音乐用在时间里流动的有组织的乐音来塑造艺术形象 ,表达人们的各种不同的感情 ;园林有着凝固于空间的节奏、旋律、音调和乐境。二者可以融会贯通。这 2门同源艺术有机地荟萃在一起 ,将给人以丰富多样的审美感受 ,并为音乐创作和园林设计 ,提供借鉴和灵感。参 5