外源活性物质对小麦苗期抗逆性的影响

为了探讨外源活性物质对小麦耐盐性的影响,采用盐碱土盆栽法,分析了大丽轮枝孢(Verticillium dahliae) Asp f2类蛋白溶液(0.8%,VDAL)、海藻寡糖(0.1%,AOS)和蒸馏水(CK)拌种对小麦幼苗生长发育和抗逆生理的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,VDAL和AOS拌种均显著提高了盐胁迫下小麦苗期株高、根系干重和叶干重,根冠比分别较CK提高8.5%和6.8%。AOS拌种显著提高了叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素a+b和类胡萝卜素含量。VDAL和AOS拌种均能显著降低叶片丙二醛含量,VDAL拌种能显著提高叶片可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量,使叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著提高达29.5%;AOS拌种能显著提高脯氨酸含量和POD活性。由此可见,VDAL和AOS拌种均对提高小麦苗期耐盐性具有一定促进作用,可以考虑在盐碱地小麦栽培中应用,以提高群体量。     

植物精油及其单体成分对水果腐败菌的抑菌活性及作用机理研究进展

为寻求绿色、天然的水果防腐保鲜剂,对水果常见的腐败微生物及其特征进行了分析,综述了牛至、肉桂、百里香、丁香、橙皮、芥末和山苍子7种植物精油对水果常见腐败菌的抑制作用,分析了百里酚、香芹酚、肉桂醛、柠檬醛、丁香酚5种精油单体成分的抑菌机理,总结出植物精油及其单体成分对水果常见腐败菌抑菌机理主要有以下5个途径：破坏细胞壁、细胞质膜,增强膜通透性;通过降低或抑制霉菌孢子的产生与萌发,阻断其繁殖;线粒体膜发生电势超级化,TCA循环关键酶活性被抑制,氧化还原反应系统被破坏;抑制ATP的合成和呼吸酶的活性,能量代谢异常;干扰DNA、RNA正常合成或加速RNA降解。     

植物中抗氧化活性成分的研究进展

天然的抗氧化剂能有效的清除自由基从而保护机体健康,从植物中寻找高效、廉价、低毒的天然抗氧化剂成为目前抗氧化剂发展的一个必然趋势。本文综述了植物中起抗氧化作用的活性成分的研究进展,以期为天然植物抗氧化活性成分的开发利用提供理论基础。     

多年生黑麦草四个品种抗寒性研究

本研究以四个多年生黑麦草品种为试材．对其进行低温胁迫处理,分别测定其抗寒性的几项生理指标,结果表明在抗寒性方面：高原>太阳岛>赛车>绅士。该研究为多年生黑麦草各品种的推广和应用提供重要理论依据。     

The effects of nitrogen sludge load and DO on high concentration nitrous nitrifying system

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of nitrogen sludge load and dissolved oxygen(DO) on nitrite nitrification system. The following conclusions have been drawn based on the experimental data and analysis results: 1) The ammonium degradation rate and the nitrous accumulation rate of high concentration nitrous nitrifying system decline with the increase of NH+4-N sludge load. When HRT is less than two days, the ammonium degradation rate rapidly declines to 25%~29% with the increase of NH+4-N sludge load. When HRT is beyond two days, the ammonium rate of the system slowly falls to 50%~60% with the NH+4-N sludge load increased. When HRT is 2.5 days or 3 days, the declined trend of the system nitrous accumulation rate is not obvious with the NH+4-N sludge load increased. When HRT is 5 days, the decrease of nitrous accumulation rate is caused by the adaptation of sludge. So the NH+4-N sludge load of high concentration nitrous accumulation system should not be too high; 2)With the increase of DO, the ammonium degradation of high concentration nitrous nitrifying system is gradually increased. When the DO is less than 0.7 mg/L, it is not conductive to the ammonium degradation. When the DO is higher than 2 mg/L, the oxide of NH+4-N is changed into the increased of NO3-N and the nitrous accumulation rate declined. If the concentration of DO is controlled within 0.7to 1.3 mg/L, the high concentration nitrous nitrifying system can have a good NH+4-N degradation rate and nitrous accumulation rate.     

不同稻草还田方式下土壤碳库管理指数的研究

为了明确稻草还田方式对双季稻田土壤肥力的影响,对不同稻草还田方式对土壤总有机碳(CTOC)、活性有机碳(CA)、矿化碳(CM)的影响进行分析,并计算了各处理碳库活度(A)、碳库活度指数(AI)、碳库指数(CPI)和碳库管理指数(CPMI)。结果表明,与不施肥对照相比,早晚稻两季稻草还田提高了土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳和矿化碳含量及其碳素有效率。等养分条件下,稻草还田处理的土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳及其碳素有效率均高于稻草烧灰还田和稻草不还田处理,且活性有机碳含量差异显著。土壤碳库管理指数处理间差异达显著或极显著,其大小趋势为稻草全量还田 > 稻草烧灰还田 > 稻草不还田。     

污泥施用对4种绿化植物叶片性状和光合作用的影响

通过向种植土内添加不同比例的污泥用量,观测盆栽绿化植物叶片性状和光合生理的变化,筛选不同植物的适宜污泥用量。结果表明,‘金叶’梓树和‘红叶’石楠以25.0%浓度处理下,植物叶片性状和光合生理表现最强,可提高比叶面积、净光合速率和叶绿素含量;‘紫花’海棠也表现为相似的生理响应,改变各项生理指标以适应添加污泥的土壤,以12.5%含量处理效果佳。相反,乌桕的表现较差,随着浓度增加表现越差。建议在用封场土种植绿化植物时最多可添加25.0%的生污泥,绿化植物可选择‘金叶’梓树和‘红叶’石楠。     

苹果三维树冠光能利用效率分布模拟

为了模拟树冠内叶片光能利用效率(LUE)三维分布,构建了三维树冠净光合速率(Pn)和LUE耦合模型,LUE由Pn和光合有效辐射(PAR)比值求出。以27年生开心形‘富士’苹果树(Malus domestica Borkh. cv. ‘Fuji’)为试材,通过实测确定三维树冠内叶片和PAR分布,并据2011—2012年测定数据拟合相关模型参数。模拟结果表明,当光合有效辐射低于约750 μmol/(m2?s)时,树冠整体LUE随PAR的增加而增加,超过750 μmol/(m2?s)后,LUE随PAR的增加而略有降低;LUE随空气CO2浓度和湿度的增加而增加。光照充足时[PAR=1500 μmol/(m2?s)],从树冠底部到顶部,树冠整体LUE从0.02481 mol/mol降低为0.01250 mol/mol,降低了50%,树冠两侧和内膛的差异不到10%。在一天当中苹果树冠LUE整体呈双峰曲线,晴天的LUE比阴天高22.7%,约为0.01148 mol/mol。研究显示,该模型可模拟出不同环境条件下苹果三维树冠LUE的三维分布和日变化。     

Enhanced Hydrolysis of Excess Sludge by Two Surfactants

The hydrolysis efficiency of excess sludge by the two surfactants (SDS and SDBS) was investigated according to COD dissolution rate, concentrations of soluble carbohydrate and soluble protein. The results showed that the hydrolysis of excess sludge was improved by using the two surfactants. When the dosage was in low range, SCOD concentration increased significantly with dosage increasing. But the increase of SCOD was not obvious when the dosage was higher than 50 mg/g dw. SCOD concentration increased from 638.5 mg/L to 6 446.8 mg/L (SDBS) and 4 857.2 mg/L (SDS) respectively. COD dissolution rate increased from 5.8% to 37.3%(SDBS) and 30.2%(SDS) respectively. With the increase of SDS and SDBS dosage in the range of 0~150 mg/g dw, the concentrations of the soluble protein and carbohydrate increased linearly. Soluble carbohydrate increased from 3.54 mg/L to 95.56 mg/L(SDBS) and 64.20 mg/L(SDS) respectively. Soluble protein concentration increased from 11.72 mg/L to 706.30 mg/L(SDBS) and 541.08 mg/L(SDS) respectively. The concentrations of ammonia and VFA also increased with the SDS and SDBS dosage. Ammonia concentrations increased from 4.21 mg/L to 130.33 mg/L(SDBS) and 102.74 mg/L(SDS) respectively. VFA concentrations increased from 21.27 mg/L to 358.30 mg/L(SDBS) and 283.12 mg/L(SDS) respectively.     

Development of integrated reactors for domestic garbage and town sludge

Aiming at domestic garbage aerobic compost and town sludge anaerobic treatment, on the basis of reactor TISTD (the integrated of sludge thickening and digestion)which is developed by the authors’ team, a TIDGTS (the integrated of domestic garbage and town sludge)reactor is designed.The reactor is made up of garbage and sludge chambers.Aerobic compost is adopted in the garbage chamber, while anaerobic fermentation is used in the sludge chamber, thus garbage and sludge can be treated in the same reactor.32~36 ℃ of sludge digestion can be ensured by the heat from sludge digestion, and 20 L sludge and 15 kg garbage can be treated per day.While inlet sludge moisture content is 97.2%~99.8% and VS/TS is 0.45~0.69, the discharged sludge moisture content is 92.7%~96.1% and VS/TS is 0.28~0.42.When the inlet garbage moisture content is 73.5% and VS/TS is 0.65~0.88, the discharged garbage moisture content is 48.6% and VS/TS is 0.32~0.44.The results show that the efficiency of concentration and digestion is near to TISTD which is heated by heating wire.