摆线泵内转子磨料流均匀化抛光及试验研究

为了降低内转子的表面粗糙度,提出了一种利用磨料流对内转子表面实现均匀化加工的抛光方法.采用与内转子壁面等宽度的方法设置模芯,通过建立均匀化流道,改善壁面的剪切应力分布,使内转子各曲面间的壁面所受剪切应力趋向一致.依据磨料流的流变特性,建立幂律方程,分析磨料流加工过程的剪切率及剪切应力分布状况,并利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件的CFD模块模拟磨料介质在均匀化流道下的表面加工流速、剪切率和剪切应力的分布.结果表明:在无模芯时利用磨料流加工,内转子各表面的剪切速率差值较大;置入模芯后内转子曲面各部分所受的剪切应力比无模芯时明显得到改善,经20次加工循环后,各表面间的粗糙度最大差值由无模芯时的0.847 μm降至0.277 μm,且有效地提高了加工效率及表面质量.     

双离合器自动变速器起步的研究概述

DCT采用双离合器,既可实现单离合器接合起步,又可以双离合器联合起步。基于不同的起步方式,论述了各种控制理论在离合器的控制策略中的应用现状。论述了离合器接合位置的控制方式,分析了离合器磨损的研究现状,论述了起步过程中的热分析研究现状。     

整体硬质合金螺旋木工铣刀的合理选用

从刀具旋向特点、加工方式、切削参数以及刀具磨损等方面介绍整体硬质合金螺旋木工铣刀的应用和选择。     

农机具材料摩擦磨损试验机的设计

为了准确测试农机具材料在土壤环境中的摩擦磨损性能,设计了一种农机具材料摩擦磨损试验机。该机由机架、传动机构、圆形土槽、仿形装置、试样装夹装置、回土装置和压实装置构成,具有零部件结构简单、测量参数易于控制调节和测试结果准确的特点,适于装备实验室作为农机具耐磨材料开发过程中的快速测试设备来使用。     

扫描间距对45钢激光熔凝强化组织性能的影响

为了研究扫描间距对45钢激光熔凝强化组织性能的影响,采用HLD1001-5 型固体激光器对45钢表面进行了多条带等间距激光熔凝处理,分别利用扫描电镜、洛氏硬度计、磨损试验机观察和测量了不同扫描间距下硬化层的显微组织及性能。结果表明：激光熔凝处理的硬化层由熔化区、相变硬化区和热影响区组成,组织为马氏体;多条带等间距激光熔凝处理在垂直于熔凝条带方向上的硬度分布由左高硬度区、左过渡区、低硬度区、右过渡区和右高硬度区组成,高硬度区的硬度为58.1～59.6 HRC,低硬度区的硬度约16 HRC;在试验范围内,经激光扫描间距为4.5 mm 熔凝处理的试样具有最好的耐磨性。     

柱塞式生物质环模成型机环模凹模磨损预测

为研究柱塞式生物质环模成型机的磨损特性及预测磨损程度,利用分形理论及磨损机理,建立了环模凹模的磨损预测模型,并对凹模进行磨损预测和分析,用试验验证模型的正确性。结果表明:新型柱塞式环模的主要磨损部位在环模凹模模孔内壁处,其表面临界微凸体接触面积由表面形貌及材料属性决定;考虑了物料及环模凹模物理特性的环模凹模磨损预测模型的预测结果是正确的;探讨了几种典型参数与平均磨损率的关系,得知随着分形参数、成型压力、当量成型速度的增大,其平均磨损率也增大。试验用2种典型材质的环模凹模和2种成型物料形成的4组摩擦副中, 42CrMo-秸秆的平均磨损率最慢,45钢-木屑的磨损率最快。      

Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 1. Study design,and clinical,nutritional, radiological and histological observations

AIMS: This is the first in a series of papers reporting studies in 2-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses that aimed to determine the response of musculoskeletal tissues to early training on grass and sand racetracks. In this paper, the experimental set-up of the whole study is described, and nutritional, workload, and clinical, radiographic and pathological outcomes are reported, including semi-quantitative assessment of macroscopic changes in articular cartilage.

METHODS: The study group comprised 14 two-year-old Thoroughbred fillies reared entirely at pasture. Of these, seven were selected by a licensed racehorse trainer to undergo a 4-week period of initial training in which they were taught to accept saddle and rider, followed by a 13-week period of flatrace training at a racetrack (Weeks 1–13); the other seven fillies were confined to large grass enclosures and were not trained. Nutrient, including macro- and trace-element intakes were estimated. Distances cantered or galloped and average velocities were quantified for the trained horses. All horses were observed daily, weighed approximately weekly, and underwent a clinical lameness examination at Weeks 5, 9 and 13. Distal forelimbs were radiographed prior to Week 1, during Weeks 7–8, and again at the end of the study, when macroscopic changes in articular cartilage of the proximal surface of the proximal phalanx were also scored after staining with India ink.

RESULTS: Dietary intakes met or exceeded recommended requirements for all nutrients except sodium, which was low in the trained horses. Bodyweight increased throughout the study in the untrained horses, and increased until Week 7 and then decreased slightly in the trained horses. Mean velocity data were used to define three stages of the training programme: Stage 1 comprised canter in Weeks 1–4; Stage 2 comprised canter in Weeks 5–8; and Stage 3 comprised canter in Weeks 9–13 and galloping twice weekly. Four of seven horses completed training. These covered a mean distance of 179.2 km at mean velocities (excluding gallops) of 7.63 m/sec (SD 0.58), 8.99 m/sec (SD 0.56), and 8.43 m/sec (SD 0.74) for Stages 1–3, respectively, and galloped 4.45 km at 14.4 (SD 0.1) m/sec. The three horses that did not complete training became lame in Weeks 9, 10 and 11, and covered 147.9 km at velocities of 7.38 m/sec (SD 0.44), 8.88 m/sec (SD 0.33) and 8.43 m/sec (SD 0.59) and galloped 2.1 km. Overall, slight or intermittent lameness in trained horses was noted on 76/655 (12%) of horse observation days. Swelling was evident on 284/655 (41%) of horse observation days in the metacarpophalangeal (MCPJ) and metatarsophalangeal (MTPJ) joints (92%), palmar metacarpal tendon region (7%) or carpus (1%). Swelling of the MCPJ or MTPJ was not associated with obvious lameness. Radiographic changes were minor and no gross lesions in bone or tendon tissue were evident except for one case of dorsal metacarpal disease. Post mortem, the cartilage of some MCPJ and MTPJ had obvious wear lines and high lesion scores, which were not consistently related to clinical evidence of pain, lameness or joint swelling. Mean lesion scores were not significantly different between the MCPJ and MTPJ, or between trained and untrained horses.

CONCLUSIONS: Workload can be readily quantified in racehorses under semi-commercial training conditions. Obvious lesions in cartilage of the MCPJ or MTPJ were present in some trained and some untrained horses and not consistently associated with clinical evidence of lameness, joint swelling or change in other connective tissues.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Workload data in racing horses are likely to be highly relevant for studying the pathogenesis of changes in bone, tendon and cartilage during training, for training management and for risk analysis in racehorse populations. Although obvious cartilage lesions produced little clinical effect, such lesions have previously been shown to be progressive and to prejudice athletic capability. Detection of such occult lesions in young horses will require more sophisticated detection methods.     

CrWMn钢激光相变硬化层的耐磨性

针对模具的主要失效形式——磨损失效,提出提高模具使用寿命的激光相变硬化技术.研究了CrWMn钢激光相变硬化层的组织、耐磨性及磨损机理.结果表明:激光相变硬化层的耐磨性较常规淬、回火处理的有明显提高;常规淬、回火+激光相变硬化层的硬化效果最佳,耐磨性最好.     

ZnO/Na 2 O(mol)对cBN陶瓷砂轮性能的影响

通过DSC -TG综合热分析、X衍射分析、线膨胀测试仪、扫描电镜等测试方法研究了ZnO/Na 2 O(mol)（ Z 值）对Li 2 O -K 2 O -SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 系陶瓷结合剂及立方氮化硼砂轮性能的影响,结果发现：ZnO能够抑制α -石英晶相析出,诱导析出低膨胀晶体Li 2 OAl 2 O 3 7.5SiO 2 ,并随着 Z 值的增加,α -石英减少,Li 2 OAl 2 O 3 7.5SiO 2 晶体逐渐增多, Li 2 OAl 2 O 3 7.5SiO 2 晶型结构趋于完整,晶粒尺寸减小,结构更加致密;当砂轮配方一定时,砂轮的体积密度、抗弯曲强度、洛氏硬度均随着 Z 值的增加而增大,气孔率减小,磨削（干磨）铸铁（QT400）时磨耗比先增加后减小;当 Z =0.75时,结合剂的膨胀系数为6.902 9×10 -6 K - 1 ,耐火度为805 ℃,砂轮的烧结温度为845 ℃,抗弯曲强度为73.97 MPa,气孔率为15.65%,磨耗比最大为156.42%.     

狗猪鹿牙齿的高耐磨特性对比

为解决土壤工作部件磨损严重的问题,该文以狗牙、猪牙、鹿牙为研究对象,采用摩擦磨损试验机进行摩擦磨损试验,考察了狗牙、猪牙、鹿牙的摩擦学性能,通过激光共聚焦扫描显微镜测量磨损深度,利用扫描电子显微镜观察狗牙、猪牙、鹿牙的磨损形貌,利用纳米压痕仪分别对狗牙、猪牙、鹿牙进行力学性能试验,测试其纳米硬度和弹性模量。试验表明：狗牙釉质磨斑表面磨屑剥落严重、附着大量的细小磨粒、有明显的龟裂现象,磨损体积为1.91×107 μm3,猪牙釉质磨斑表面主要是磨屑剥落,磨损体积为1.56×107 μm3,鹿牙釉质磨斑表面也表现为磨屑剥落,磨损程度比猪牙齿的轻,磨损体积为1.39×107 μm3;牙齿的耐磨性与其硬度密切相关;鹿牙釉质的耐磨性、纳米硬度和弹性模量最大,狗牙釉质的最小。该文以动物牙齿为仿生原型,为耐磨触土部件的研发提供新的参考方向和理论依据。