长洲水利枢纽鱼道功能的初步研究

鱼道是解决水坝阻隔鱼类上溯的重要途径之一,过鱼效果的监测是其科学运行的重要环节。２011年和2012年４－６月对试运行阶段的长洲水利枢纽鱼道进行了监测采样;共计采集到鱼类３０种,主要优势种类为银飘鱼（Pseudolaubuca sinensis）、餐（Hemiculter leucisclus）、瓦氏黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）、赤眼鳟（Spualiobarbus curriculus）、鲮（Cirrhinus molitorella）、日本鳗鲡（Anguill japonica）,青鱼（Mylopharyngodon piceus）、草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）、鲢（Hypophthalmichthys）、鳙（Aristichthys mobilis）也有出现;体长6０～870ｍｍ的个体可以通过鱼道上溯;鱼道中鲢体重达1.５ｋｇ,鲤（Cyprinus carpio）、鲶（Schilbe intermedius）体重达到2.８ｋｇ,采集到最大规格的种类为鳡（Elopichthys bambusa）,体长达870ｍｍ,体重7061ｇ。监测数据表明,长洲水利枢纽鱼道具有较好的过鱼功能,但监测中未采集到西江重要的洄游性鱼类广东鲂（Megalobrama hoffmanni）。从不同批次监测到的鱼类种类组成及规格上分析,鱼道运行效果明显受水文变化的影响,其运行及效果监测需要充分考虑水文状况及西江鱼类的生态习性。     

几种药剂防治吐伦球坚蚧若虫的药效研究

在介壳虫若虫孵化涌散期用蚧虫毒乳油、吡虫.噻嗪酮悬浮剂、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂、顺式氯氰菊酯乳油和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油混剂4种药剂进行防治,施药后第16天防效均达94%以上;在介壳虫二龄若虫越夏期用滴一滴、蚧虫毒乳油、吡虫.噻嗪酮悬浮剂、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂、绿颖矿物油和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油6种药剂进行防治,施药后第9天,滴一滴、蚧虫毒乳油防效可达98%,施药后第21天吡虫.噻嗪酮悬浮剂、绿颖矿物油的防效分别可达93.13%,76.55%。     

拱棚秋西芹高效益栽培技术

通过试验、示范,成功探索出拱棚秋西芹高效益栽培技术,平均产值75000元hm-2,拓宽了菜农增收渠道,成为今后发展地方特色优势产业的新亮点。     

Impacts of dams on the sediment flux of the Pearl River,southern China

Draining toward the South China Sea, the Pearl River is the third largest river in China. Based on datasets begun in the 1950s of water and sediment flux at the main gauging stations and measured deposition rates in some reservoirs, this paper examines the impact of dam construction on the sediment flux of the Pearl River. The results and conclusions are as follows: (1) The total storage capacity of reservoirs in the Pearl River basin had reached 65 km³ by 2005, which is 23% of the annual water discharge of the Pearl River. (2) The total deposition rate in the reservoirs has now probably reached 600 Mt/yr, one order of magnitude higher than the annual sediment flux into the sea (40 Mt/yr in 2000–2005). (3) The sediment flux of the Pearl River has shown a drastically decreasing trend since the mid-1980s, which is attributed mainly to deposition in the reservoirs. (4) A further decrease in sediment flux into the sea is expected to occur in the Pearl River in future decades because of the construction of new dams. This drastic decrease in sediment flux may be very import for the environments of the river channel, the estuary and the coastal areas, which need to paid considerable attention in scientific research and management.     

拱棚西瓜新品种对比研究

针对宁夏吴忠市利通区拱棚西瓜种植品种单一且耐贮运性较差的现状,引进国内3个优良西瓜品种在大拱棚中进行育苗移栽试验,结果表明:黑牡丹、金城1号品种的西瓜产量高,品质好,且黑牡丹肉质细嫩,耐贮运。建议将黑牡丹作为小拱棚的主要栽培品种进一步扩大示范推广。     

早春拱棚马铃薯栽培技术

隆德县气候冷凉,露地地膜覆盖种植马铃薯收获时间一般在7月下旬,露地不覆膜常规种植在9月中旬收获,而5-7月份正是市场供应淡季。为了满足市场消费,隆德县在充分研究论证的基础上,推出了早春利用拱棚栽培早熟马铃薯,可比露地地膜栽培早熟马铃薯提前30d上市,比露地常规种植晚熟马铃薯提前90d上市,每667m2产值2000元以上,取得了较好的经济效益。同时,马铃薯收获后还可复种早熟甘蓝、芹菜、菠菜等,增加单位面积效益。     

Determination of spermatological properties of male Liza abu (Heckel, 1843) in Atatürk Dam Lake, Şanlıurfa

The aim of this study was to determine the spermatological characteristics in male L. abu during the spawning season. Semen was collected weekly by abdominal massage from 26 males in March. In collected semen, volume, motility, duration of motility, concentration and pH were determined. In the L. abu sperm, volume (μl), motility (%), duration of motility (s), concentration (×10⁹/ml), and pH values were found 45.76 ± 3.55, 54.25 ± 2.93, 330.15 ± 37.92, 4.27 ± 0.40 and 7.87 ± 0.05, respectively. A correlation was found between semen volume and semen pH. Semen volume and the duration of sperm motility were higher in the 2nd and 3rd sampling dates than in the 1st and 4th sampling dates (P < 0.05; P < 0.01, respectively). Neither sperm motility nor sperm concentration was affected by sampling dates. Major changes in semen pH were observed in the 4th sampling date (P < 0.001). The Pearson correlation test presented significant relationships with the duration of motility, semen volume, and motility. Semen pH values were significantly correlated with the sperm concentration and semen volume. Sperm concentration was inversely correlated with semen volume. Sperm motility and duration significantly correlated with total weight. Total length significantly correlated with the duration of motility and total weight. In conclusion, these characteristics represent a valuable baseline dataset for establishing a semen quality standard and provide background information that may be useful for assisted breeding programs in this species.     

蜻蜓翅膀拱形结构静力学分析

[目的]探索起拱在蜻蜓翅膀空间结构中的重要作用。[方法]应用有限元分析软件ANSYS对各模型在不同载荷作用下的变形情况进行静力学分析,研究蜻蜓翅膀的拱形结构对刚度的影响。[结果]在相同载荷条件下,2种网格模型的结构刚度都随起拱高度的增加而增大。当载荷及拱高相同时,有膜网格的变形小于无膜网格,刚度明显增强;无论有膜网格还是无膜网格,在相同载荷条件下,六边形网格的变形总大于组合网格模型。[结论]该研究可为温室结构仿生设计和应用提供新思路。     

葛洲坝产卵场中华鲟繁殖群体数量与繁殖规模估算及其变动趋势分析

采用声学探测的方法,进行中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)繁殖群体数量的估算.2005～2007年,第1次产卵前的资源量分别为235尾、217尾和203尾;第1次产卵后的资源量分别为157尾、157尾和102尾.采用食卵鱼解剖统计和股分析的方法对中华鲟的自然繁殖规模进行估算.其结果为,2005～2007年间中华鲟的产卵量分别为356万粒、119.6万粒和238.6万粒.结合历史相关研究数据,对近10年的中华鲟繁殖群体数量和繁殖规模的变动趋势进行分析,结果显示,在20世纪90年代中期,第1次产卵前的中华鲟繁殖群体数量下降趋势明显,但2002年以来其数量趋于基本稳定,年际间的差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05).自2002年以来,第1次产卵后停留产卵场的中华鲟数量有增加的趋势,而中华鲟的繁殖规模近10年来呈现极其显著性的下降趋势(P<0.01).     

几种杀虫剂对吐伦褐球蚧毒力测定

应用7种杀虫剂对吐伦褐球蚧初孵若虫进行室内毒力测定,结果表明:供试杀虫剂对吐伦褐球蚧初孵若虫的毒力大小依次为:1.8%阿维菌素乳油>3%啶虫咪乳油>25%噻嗪酮·异丙威可湿性粉剂>3.6%吡虫啉·高效氯氰菊酯乳油>10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂>31%杀扑噻乳油>95%机油乳剂。