X－射线微区分析不同浓度Ce(NO_3)_3处理下铈及其它离子在I－69杨茎尖分生组织及叶中的分布

Ｉ－６９杨插穗分别培养在含有不同浓度Ｃｅ（ＮＯ３）３的营养液中，经快速冷冻、冷冻干燥、无水塑料包埋及干刀薄切片法，用Ｘ－射线能谱微区分析测定Ｃｅ及其它无机离子在茎尖分生组织和叶的不同组织中细胞壁、细胞质、细胞核及叶绿体中的含量及分布。在１０ｐｐｍＣｅ（ＮＯ３）３处理下，茎尖中Ｃｅ的含量比对照组和１００ｐｐｍＣｅ（ＮＯ３）３处理组高出近１倍，叶的亚细胞中的Ｋ、Ｐ、Ｓ、Ｆｅ的含量也呈增加的趋势。特别是Ｍｇ的含量增加显著，在保卫细胞的细胞质中Ｍｇ的含量比对照组高出３．５倍，而在表皮细胞的细胞核和液泡中的含量则比对照组高出近１３倍。但在１００ｐｐｍＣｅ（ＮＯ３）３处理下，无机离子在叶中亚细胞微区间的含量则显著下降     

Microfibril angle of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] compression wood: comparison of measuring techniques

The structure of cellulose, especially the microfibril angles (MFAs), in compression wood of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] was studied by wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering and polarizing microscopy. On the basis of the X-ray scattering experiments the average MF As of the cell wall layers S₂ and S₁ of the studied sample are 39 and 89, respectively; and the average diameter and length of the cellulose crystallites are 2.9 and 20.0nm, respectively. The average of the whole MFA distribution is shown to agree with the one obtained by polarizing microscopy of macerated fibers.     

林木种子发芽率的软X射线检验研究

本文应用Hy—35型软X—射线仪对杉木、柳杉等15个树种种子进行摄影并进行定位发芽试验。根据各树种种子的X光片成像特征将种子划分为若干等级,将X光片上判读的百分率与定位发芽所得的发芽率进行统计分析,找出估测各树种种子发芽率的X光片判读等级。     

应力木纤丝角的研究

论证了用Ｘ射线（００２）衍射图谱测量木材平等纤丝角的方法，并解释了前人用分峰法测得的纤丝角偏小的原因。在此基础上对马尾松应压木和６９杨应拉木进行测试，对是的各种形状的（００２）衍射图谱进行合理解释。测试结果给出了不同区域不同年轮的纤丝角。并且，实验测量了纤丝角和纵向抗拉强度的关系。结果表明，用Ｘ线（００２）衍射图谱可以断定胶质层的存在与否，Ｓ１和Ｓ２层的厚度比例。此外，纤丝角值是反映木材纵向抗拉强     

Changes in water distribution in heartwood along stem axes in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>

 Three-dimensional distribution of water in the heartwood of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don was observed by soft X-ray photography. The within-tree variation in the distribution of “wet areas” (water-accumulated areas in heartwood) was enormous, as was the variation among trees. Although we found no universal pattern of changes in wet area distributions along the stem axes of all trees, similarities among individual trees within each cultivar and clone were observed. The difference between the two kinds of wetwood in C. japonica – genetically defined wetwood and secondarily induced wetwood – is discussed, as is the use of soft X-ray photography in Japanese tree breeding programs. Received: December 21, 2001 / Accepted: May 1, 2002 Part of this paper was presented at the 46th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kumamoto, Japan, April 1996 Correspondence to:R. Nakada     

Isolation and X-ray crystal structure of a new isoquinoline-N-oxide alkaloid from Calycotome villosa subsp. intermedia

A new isoquinoline-N-oxide alkaloid was extracted from the alkaloid fraction of a methanol extract of the seeds of Calycotome villosa subsp. intermedia. Its structure was established as 1-hydroxymethyl-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline-N-oxide (1) by spectroscopic techniques and X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Fiber charge characteristics of pulp suspension containing aluminum sulfate

Fiber charge characteristics of pulp suspensions containing aluminum sulfate were investigated with relation to adsorption behavior of aluminum components on the pulp fibers by streaming potential measurement using a particle charge detector, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence analysis. When aluminum sulfate was added to a pulp suspension prepared using deionized water, a streaming potential of the suspension went from negative to slightly negative according to the adsorption of aluminum components on the pulp fibers. Subsequent addition of a dilute NaOH solution to the suspension drastically cationized the fibers in the pH range of around 5 by predominant and homogeneous adsorption of cationic aluminum complexes on the fiber surfaces. However, the aluminum flocs that formed heterogeneously on the fiber surfaces at higher pH by further alkali addition made nearly no contribution to cationization of the fibers, although the abundant aluminum components were retained in the pulp sheets. Therefore, only aluminum cations adsorbed uniformly on the fiber surfaces perform well to control the charge properties of the pulp fibers at the wet end; and the preferential aluminum adsorption behavior on the fiber surfaces, by utilizing the required amounts of hydroxyl ions, probably accounts for the effective cationization of the fibers under acidic to neutral papermaking conditions.This research was presented in part at the presymposium of the International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, Seoul, June 1999; at the International Symposium on Environmentally Friendly and Emerging Technologies for a Sustainable Pulp and Paper Industry, Taipei, April 2000; and at the 2000 annual meeting of the Society of Fiber Science and Technology, Japan, Kyoto, June 2000     

计算机视觉在毛叶枣可食率估测中的应用研究

随着食品加工业的发展,对果实的自动分级技术要求越来越高,仅仅依据果皮损伤情况、色泽、果梗保存情况等指标项来进行水果品质分级已不能满足生产需要,可食率便成为对果实品质筛选分级的一个重要参考指标。为此,阐述了一种基于计算机视觉技术对毛叶枣可食率的无损估测方法,即在不破坏果实完整性的情况下,通过对毛叶枣的X光透视图像进行处理,分别估测出毛叶枣果实和果核的体积、质量,进而完成对可食率的估算。     

我国北亚热带黄土母质发育的黄棕壤和黄褐土的粘粒及矿物学特性研究

本文在全国系统分类所要求的统一研究方法和测试分析手段的基础上,对我国北亚热带地区中部黄土母质发育的黄棕壤和黄褐土的粘粒特性及矿物学特性进行了分析研究。结果表明:供试上壤粘粒含量高.有明显的层次分异;粘粒化学组成的剖面变异较小,粘粒硅铝率和粘粒硅铁铝率相对一致;土壤粘土矿物组成以2∶1型伊利石为主,并且均含有一定量的高岭石,蒙脱石含量很少,部分土壤含有一定量的蛭石等14(?)矿物;供试土壤上述粘粒及矿物学特性,除受黄土母质本身特性的影响外,还取决于该区成土条件的影响。     

牛创伤性网胃心包炎的X线诊断

本文对71例牛创伤性网胃心包炎的X线表现,进行了较为详细的描述和分析。创伤性网胃炎的主要X线表现是:在网胃内和网胃壁上可发现金属性异物。被异物损伤的胃壁密度增加,结构模糊,与膈肌的界限不够清楚;在心包炎时,心区可发现金属性异物。心脏失去圆锥形外观,呈圆球形。当心包囊内有气体和液体存在时,在大而圆的心包囊内呈现明显的半月形透亮区和液平面为其特殊表现;心膈三角区是异物必经的通道,当异物穿破网胃和膈肌进入该区时常可引起局限性或广泛性胸膜炎。此时在X线上可见心膈角变钝或消失,呈现凹面弧线或胸腔内液平面。当有脓肿形成时,在心膈三角区可见类圆形或其他形状的密度增加阴影。其中心常见有透亮点,并可在此处发现异物。创伤性网胃心包炎的X线诊断是一种较为理想的诊断方法。它不但可以查明网胃和心区有无炎症和并发症,而且可以了解金属性异物的种类、形状、长短、位置和性质。它不但可以作出正确的诊断,而且对治疗和预后判断也有重要作用,从而可减少本病带来的经济损失。