用红外光谱法测定聚磷酸铵晶体结构

为探索鉴别Ⅰ-型和Ⅱ-型聚磷酸铵产品结构的有效方法,测定了用X-射线衍射法确定为Ⅰ-型和Ⅱ-型的聚磷酸铵的红外光谱,结果发现Ⅰ-型和Ⅱ-型聚磷酸铵晶体在红外光谱中存在明显的区别：Ⅰ-型聚磷酸铵在760、680、600cm^-1附近出现吸收峰,而Ⅱ-型聚磷酸铵在这三处不出现吸收峰。从而确定了使用红外光谱法测定Ⅰ-型和Ⅱ-型聚磷酸铵晶体结构的可行性。     

外源 GSH 对 NaCl 胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片及根系离子微域分布的影响

【目的】盐胁迫是限制新疆番茄生长的重要障碍因子之一,而外源喷施谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 是解决这一问题的有效措施。探讨外源 GSH 缓解番茄盐胁迫的效应和作用机制,可为该措施的有效应用提供理论依据。 【方法】采用营养液栽培法,选用番茄品种‘中蔬四号’为试材。在营养液中加入 NaCl 100 mg/L,使其产生盐胁迫,以不加 NaCl 作为对照 (CK),试验处理包括不喷施 GSH (NaCl)、喷施 GSH (+ GSH)、喷施 GSH 合成酶抑制剂 (+ BSO) 以及喷施 GSH 和 BSO (+ BSO + GSH)。测定番茄幼苗叶片和根系中与耐盐性相关的 K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+ 和 Cl– 的离子微域分布状态和平衡。 【结果】NaCl 胁迫下番茄叶片和根系所有组织细胞中 Na+ 和 Cl– 相对含量显著提高,K+ 相对含量和 K+/Na+、Ca2+/Na+、K+/Cl– 比值降低,说明 NaCl 胁迫使细胞中 Na+ 和 Cl– 有害离子积累及胞内离子稳态严重破坏;外源 BSO 施用进一步加剧了 NaCl 胁迫下番茄叶片和根系细胞的 K+/Na+ 失衡。而外源 GSH 施用抑制了 NaCl 胁迫下番茄叶片和根系对 Na+ 的吸收,降低了 Cl– 的相对含量,提高了 K+/Na+、Ca2+/Na+、K+/Cl– 比值。外源 GSH 亦使 NaCl+BSO 胁迫下番茄叶片各组织及根系中皮层、内皮层和中柱的 Na+ 未检出,根系和叶片各组织中 Cl– 相对含量显著降低,K+ 和 Ca2+ 相对含量及 K+/Na+、Ca2+/Na+、K+/Cl–、Ca2+/Cl– 比值显著提高。 【结论】外源 GSH 通过抑制盐胁迫下番茄叶片和根系对 Na+ 的吸收,降低 Cl– 吸收,改善细胞中离子的微域分布和维持离子平衡, 从而缓解了盐胁迫对番茄的毒害作用,提高了番茄的耐盐性。     

Design, semisynthesis and insecticidal activity of novel podophyllotoxin derivatives against Brontispa longissima in vivo

In an attempt to find the effective phytopesticides, a series of novel podophyllotoxin derivatives were firstly synthesized and preliminarily tested for their antifeedant and insecticidal effects against the fifth-instar larvae of Brontispa longissima. The different antifeedant and insecticidal activity ranges of compounds 3a-l showed that variations of NR₁R₂ groups in the 4-position of podophyllotoxin skeleton markedly affected the activity profiles of this compound class, and some important SAR information has been revealed from it. To clarify their mode of action of insecticidal activity, the docking models as well as tubulin inhibitory effect of representative compound 3i were also investigated, and the result indicated that the insecticidal activity of these compounds was due to the tubulin inhibitory effect of these derivatives, thereby possibly providing some useful information for rational designs of novel podophyllotoxin-based insecticides.     

Genetic variation and relationships to growth traits for microfibril angle,wood density and modulus of elasticity in a Picea abies clonal trial in southern Sweden

Abstract

Genetic variation in wood density, microfibril angle (MFA), wood stiffness (MOE), height, diameter and volume was investigated in a 26-year-old Norway spruce [(Picea abies (L.) Karst.] clonal trial in southern Sweden. Wood quality measurements were performed on 10 mm increment cores using SilviScan. For MFA, mean values of annual rings showed the highest value (30°) at ring 2 counting from the pith, followed by a steep decrease and a gradual stabilization around ring 12 at approximately 14°. MOE showed a monotonic increase from 5 GPa to 14 GPa when moving from pith to bark. High broad-sense heritability values were found for wood density (0.48), MFA (0.41) and MOE (0.50). All growth traits displayed heritability values of similar magnitudes as reported in earlier studies. The generally high age–age correlations between different sections of the wood cores suggested that early selection for wood quality traits would be successful. Owing to unfavorable genetic correlations between volume and MOE, the correlated response indicated that selection for volume only at age 10 would result in a 0.27% decrease in weighted MOE at age 26 for every 1% increase in volume.     

Ginsenoside rich fraction of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer improve feeding behavior following radiation-induced pica in rats

Panax ginseng is an indigenous medicinal herb and has traditionally been used among Asian population for relief of many human ailments. We investigated the prophylactic role of Korean P. ginseng extract (KG) against X-ray irradiation-induced emesis in an acute rat pica model. Rats were treated with KG (12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg orally at -48, -24 and 0 h) prior to X-ray irradiation (6 Gy), and intake of kaolin and normal food and body weight changes examined as an index of the acute emetic stimulus. Levels of serotonin in small intestine tissue were assessed and histopathology of gastric tissue, small intestine and colon examined specific staining. Pre-treatment with KG (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) reduced X-ray irradiation-induced kaolin intake at 24h. Normal food intake was improved in rats treated with 25 mg/kg KG. The anti-emetic effect of KG was further confirmed on the basis of serotonin release, histopathological findings. Our findings collectively indicate that KG protects against X-ray irradiation-induced acute pica to a moderate extent, leading to improved feeding behavior in rats.     

扫描电镜技术识别大气中PM_(10)的来源——以福建省龙岩市为例

[目的]研究扫描电镜技术在颗粒物的物理特征和形态分布中的应用。[方法]运用扫描电镜技术,分析龙岩市各尘源的形态特征和含有的主要元素,对比采样点样品的形态特征,判断大气可吸入颗粒物的主要来源。[结果]与CMB8.2化学质量平衡受体模型源解析结果相比较,两者具有较好的一致性。以龙岩师专、闽西职业技术学院、龙岩学院、龙岩市环境监测站四个大气常规监测点为例,对PM10贡献较大的分别是土壤风沙尘、燃煤尘、二次扬尘;土壤风沙尘、二次扬尘、机动车尾气尘;二次扬尘、土壤风沙尘;二次扬尘、机动车尾气、燃煤尘。[结论]研究结果对于大气颗粒物源解析、大气环境治理都有一定的指导意义。     

湿地松种子衬比射线检验方法的研究

对温地松种子进行对比射线方法检验,结果表明,其最佳x射线摄影衬比过程为:将种子在25℃下浸种24h,擦干种子表面水分后,置入40%KI溶液中处理5h,在流水中冲洗5～6min,置于70℃下干燥24h。使用SOⅡ胶片和HY—35型射线机时,拍摄条件为:电压20kV,电流4mA,曝光时间100s,焦片距25cm。由此认为,未被浸渗而胚和胚乳发育良好的种子具生活力,可用来估算种子的发芽能力。用上述衬比方法测定35份湿地松种子,其发芽能力与实际发芽率相当一致。     

Colour Dilution Alopecia (CDA) in Ten yorkshire Terriers

Abstract— Clinical laboratory investigations as well as light, electron microscopic and X-ray microanalytical studies on skin biopsy specimens and hair from 10 yorkshire terriers suffering from Colour Dilution Alopecia (CDA) were carried out. Biochemical data detected a marked melanin reduction in hair from affected areas. Histologically, melanin clumps were mainly evident in the epidermal basal layer cells as well as inside the bulb and hair shaft. Ultrastructurally, basal keratinocytes were overloaded by fully melanized melanosomes disrupting cytoplasmic structures. Intracytoplasmic and free melanosomes were also evident in all cutaneous layers. Scanning electron microscopy showed holes and bulges scattered in the hair shaft. X-Ray microanalysis demonstrated silicate particles in the more superficial cuticular holes and calcium in the deeper fractured layers. Based on these observations a new hypothesis on the pathogenetic mechanism(s) of alopecia is proposed. Résumé— Diverses investigations, microscopie optique, microscopie électronique, études microanalytiques aux rayons X ont été réalisées sur des biopsies cutanées et des poils provenant de dix yorkshire Terriers présentant une Alopécie des Robes Diluées. Les examens biochemiques montrent une diminution nette de la mélanine dans les poils provenant des régions malades. Des aggrégate de mélanine sont observés dans les cellules de l'assise basale épidermique ainsi qu'à l'intérieur des bulbes pileux et des tiges pilaires. Sur le plan ultrastructural, les kératinocytes basaux montrent une surcharge en mélanosomes détruisant ainsi les structures cytoplasmiques. Des mélanosomes libres et intra-cytoplasmiques sont également observés dans toutes les couches épidermiques. La microscopie électronique à balayage montrent des trous et des bosses dispersés dans la gaine folliculaine. Des analyses en rayons X démontrent la présence de particules de silicate dans les trous les plus superficiels de la cuticule et du calcium dans les couches plus profondes. A partir de ces observations, une nouvelle hypothèse sur la pathogénie de dette alopécie est proposée. [Roperto F., Cerundolo, R., Restucci, B., Vincensi, M. R., De Caprariis, D., De Vico, G., Maiolino, P. Colour dilution alopecia (CDA) in ten yorkshire Terriers (Alopécie des robes diluées (ARD) chez dix yorkshire Terriers). Resumen— Se llevaron a cabo análisis clinicos asi como estudios microanaliticos con rayos X y microscopia electrónica sobre biopsias cutáneas tomadas a diez yorkshire Terriers que padecian de Alopecia de Color Diluido (CDA). Los estudios bioquimicos detectaron una fuerte reducción en melanina en el pelo de las zonas afectadas. A nivel histológico, los agregados de melanina se localizaban principalmente en la capa basal de la epidermis asi como en el bulbo piloso y en en pelo. A nivel ultraestructural, los queratinocitos basales estaban sobrecargados de melanosomas totalmente melanizados, alterando su estructura citoplasmática. También se identificaron melanosomas en forma libre o a nivel intracitoplasmático en todas las capas cutáneas. La microscopia electrónica de escáner mostró cavidades y prominencias diseminadas a lo largo del pelo. Mediante microanalisis por rayos X se detectaron partículas de silicato en las cavidades cuticulares más superficiales y calcio en las capas més profundas. Teniendo en cuenta estos hallazgos, se propone una nueva hipótesis sobre el/los mecanismo/s patogénico/s de la alopecia. [Roperto F., Cerundolo, R., Restucci, B., Vincensi, M. R., De Caprariis, D., De Vico, G., Maiolino, P. Colour dilution alopecia (CDA) in ten yorkshire Terriers (Alopecia de color diluido (CDA) en diez yorkshire Terriers).     

微波等离子体处理木材表面接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯的XPS分析

应用X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术，对微波等离子体引发木材与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)发生接枝共聚反应前后的木材表面结构及物理化学特性进行了分析。分析表明：1)微波等离子体处理使木材表面O／C原子比增加，C1含量降低，而C2、C3含量增加，并有C4峰的出现，这表明经微波等离子体处理后木材表面产生了大量的含氧官能团或过氧化物；2)微波等离子体接枝材表面的O／C比有所增加，但介于素材与微波等离子体处理材之间，C18谱峰主要变化是强C4峰的出现，这表明木材表面产生了大量的O-C=O官能团；3)微波等离子体接枝材的O1／O2值基本接近1，大于素材(0．11)和微波等离子体处理材(0．21)的值，说明接枝材表面的C=O含量大幅度增大。以上结果表明木材表面接枝上了大量的MMA分子。     

采用分峰法确定鱼鳞松木材纤维素的晶胞参数

本文应用改进的多重峰分离程序,在FP—6000型微机上将校正后的鱼鳞松纤维素的X—射线衍射强度曲线分解为诸结晶峰及无定形晕。经对结晶峰的位置进行系统误差校正,用单斜晶系的晶胞参数与面间距的基本公式计算出了晶胞参数,并对结果的准确性做了较为详细的讨论。