The power-supply of X-ray machine adopting PID control and high-frequency inverter technology

To solve the problem of low control accuracy and low stability of current X-ray machines, a kind of digital power supply for X-ray machine is introduced. In the digital power supply, some key technologies are used to improve the output stability of the high frequency inverter, including improved BUCK circuit for voltage regulating circuit, high frequency inverter and soft switching technology for the high-voltage generator. The PWM control technology is used to control the switch transistor of voltage regulating circuit and inverter circuit, which makes the drive waveform output stable and easy to control. In order to improve the control accuracy, reduce the volume and change high voltage consecutively, the software PID of the microcomputer is used to control the feedback circuit. The high-accuracy power chip is used for the filament power supply to make the filament electric current stable. Through the analysis of the circuit, the parameters of the circuit are calculated and the circuit is simulated by PSPICE software. The results show that the theoretical analysis is consistent with the practical simulation results. The design can meet the requirement of the technology indices of the power supply of the X-ray machines.     

牛精子体外获能前后元素变化的研究

 本文应用x射线能谱技术，对获能前后精子质膜表面（头部、中段）和内部（顶体内、中段线粒体内）的元素进行了分析测试。结果表明，牛精子用肝素+咖啡因体外获能后，头部、中段质膜表面的Na、Al、S、K含量升高，Cl、Ca含量降低；顶体内Na、Mg、Si、P和Fe含量降低，而Ca、K、Cl和S含量升高；精子中段线粒体内Na、P、Si、Cl和Ca升高，而Mg、S、K和Fe却降低。获能过程中精子顶体内Na/Ca、Na/K、Cl/Ca、Cl/K和Na/Cl的浓度比分别为42.13、12.43、15.36、45.31和2.74；而摩尔比又分别为73.42、21.13、17.37、4.99和4.23。本文并对可能的获能机理进行了讨论。     

成人胸12及腰1椎体高度,前后缘差及楔变指数X线的正常值

对４００例成人第１２胸椎（Ｔ（１２））及第１腰椎（Ｌ_１）Ｘ线侧位片测量的结果：（１）椎体侧位的高度正常值：Ｔ_（１２）椎体前缘男性为２９．５±４．９ｍｍ，女性为２８．１±４．４ｍｍ；后缘男性为３２．７±５．７ｍｍ，女性为３０．３±５ｍｍ。Ｌ_１椎体前缘男性为３０．２±５．１ｍｍ，女性为２９．１±４．１ｍｍ；后缘男性为３３．８±４．６ｍｍ，女性为３１．６±４．２ｍｍ。（２）Ｔ_（１２）和Ｌ_１椎体侧位的高度差正常值上限男性为６．５ｍｍ，女性为５．４ｍｍ；楔变指数正常值下限男性为０．７９，女性为０．８３。（３）Ｔ_（１２）及Ｌ_１推体侧位＂楔变＂为正常表现。     

植物细胞X射线能谱分析方法的研究

X射线微区分析在我国的植物学研究中应用较少.快速冷冻、冷冻干燥、真空渗透、塑料包埋的薄切片生物制备新技术被证明很适用于对植物细胞中可溶性离子进行X射线微区分析.这对于植物学,诸如矿质营养、生理及抗性等理论问题的研究有着很重要的意义.本文通过实验证明此法除了在冷冻干燥过程中可能会造成某些植物细胞中的液泡结构固缩或破坏以外,与其它生物制备技术相比,大大降低了植物细胞中可溶性离子在制备过程中的流失和移位,从而保证了对植物细胞特别是成熟组织细胞中可溶性离子进行X射线能谱亚细胞定位、定量分析的可靠性.     

山羊实验性骨折愈合的X线观察

利用X线诊断技术,观察山羊的掌骨骨折愈合情况.结果表明:骨折愈合过程各期出现骨痂的最早时间,纤维性骨痂期平均为13d(最早者12d);骨性骨痂形成期平均为15.5d(最早者14d);骨性接合期平均为44d(最早者38d);骨痂改建期平均为72.5d(最早者70d).同时表明,同一骨骼的骨折,因骨折部位上下不同,达到各期愈合所经历的时间的差异明显,即掌骨上1/3组比掌骨下1/3组分别提前2,3,12和5d.     

棉纤维细胞壁的微纤丝螺旋角及其与花后生长天数的关系

应用X射线衍射分峰法测量了棉纤维细胞壁的平均微纤丝螺旋角,该方法基于(002)衍射强度-方位角扫描曲线由两个相同的高斯曲线叠加而成的假定。测量结果表明:在花后5～50天内,细胞壁S_2,层的平均微纤丝螺旋角随花后生长天数的增加而逐渐变小。     

毛竹材微纤丝角变异规律研究

利用了X射线衍射技术对不同高度、不同竹龄、在垂周方向不同位置的毛竹材微纤丝角变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,在竹壁径向上,由外而内,微纤丝角大致呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,至靠近竹黄处微纤丝呈现最小值,且最大值与最小值间差异为4.17°。从基部往上,微纤丝角有略微增大,最大差异只有0.15°。毛竹材的微纤丝角从0.5年至6年呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,5个竹龄的毛竹材微纤丝角之间的差异最大值仅0.52°。最后通过方差分析表明,高度、竹龄以及垂周方向上的位置对毛竹材微纤丝角的影响显著。     

速生意大利杨木防腐与强化复合改性

采用氨溶烷基铜铵(ACQ)防腐剂与脲醛树脂(UF)调制成的相溶复合改性剂,对速生意大利杨木进行一次性真空浸渍处理,使处理材力学性能提高并达到强防腐等级.优化工艺参数为:浸渍压力0.6 MPa、加压2 h、ACQ与UF的体积比为4∶1.处理后主要力学性能指标均提高22.46%以上.对浸渍材进行表面密实化优化工艺处理(压缩率为20%),各项力学性能指标均比素材提高52%以上.对浸渍材与ACQ处理材抗水、酸、碱抽提的抗流失性进行对比试验,前者比后者固着率提高0.84%以上.应用X射-线荧光光谱仪的Cu2+跟踪法,定量分析了浸渍材复合改性剂的含量分布和改性效果.     

Cone beam computed tomography and intraoral radiography for diagnosis of dental abnormalities in dogs and cats

The development of veterinary dentistry has substantially improved the ability to diagnose canine and feline dental abnormalities. Consequently, examinations previously performed only on humans are now available for small animals, thus improving the diagnostic quality. This has increased the need for technical qualification of veterinary professionals and increased technological investments. This study evaluated the use of cone beam computed tomography and intraoral radiography as complementary exams for diagnosing dental abnormalities in dogs and cats. Cone beam computed tomography was provided faster image acquisition with high image quality, was associated with low ionizing radiation levels, enabled image editing, and reduced the exam duration. Our results showed that radiography was an effective method for dental radiographic examination with low cost and fast execution times, and can be performed during surgical procedures.     

Sulphur speciation and turnover in soils: evidence from sulphur K-edge XANES spectroscopy and isotope dilution studies

Sulphur K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was used to quantify S species in humic substance extracts from ten soils from the UK, China and New Zealand, which differ in land use and agricultural management. XANES spectroscopy showed the presence of most reduced (sulphides, disulphides, thiols and thiophenes), intermediate (sulphoxides and sulphonates) and highly oxidised S (ester sulphates) forms, with the three groups representing 14-32%, 33-50% and 22-53% of the organic S in the humic substance extracts, respectively. Land use had a profound influence on the relative proportions of S species. Well-drained arable soils generally had a higher proportion of organic S present in the most oxidised form than the grassland soils collected nearby, whereas paddy soils showed a more reduced profile due to episodic flooding. In the Broadbalk Classical Experiment at Rothamsted, reversion of an arable system to grassland or woodland in the 1880s resulted in an increase of the most reduced and intermediate S species at the expense of the most oxidised S species. Long-term applications of farmyard manure to an arable plot also shifted S species from the most oxidised to the intermediate and the most reduced species. Sulphur immobilisation and gross mineralisation were determined in seven soils using the ³⁵S isotope dilution method. Gross mineralisation during a 53-day incubation correlated more closely with the amounts of the most reduced and intermediate S species than with the most oxidised S species, suggesting that the former (C-bonded S) were the main source of organic S for mineralisation in the short-term.