Effects of nursery environment on needle morphology of Pinus monticola Dougl. and implications for tree improvement programs

Statistically significant differences were found in 14 needle traits of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) seedlings grown from the same seed orchard source in the three nurseries in northern Idaho. Traits with significant variation included needle length and width, number of stomatal rows, number of stomata per row, total stomata per needle, adaxial surface area, stomatal density, major axes of stomata, stomatal shape, stomatal area, stomatal occlusion, epistomatal wax degradation, weight of wax per dry weight of needle, and the contact angles of water droplets placed on adaxial needle surfaces. Wax crystallites on needle surfaces were hollow and tubular and the amount of surface wax appeared to be associated with surface wettability. Our results may have important implications for tree improvement programs that require successful inoculation of nursery-grown seedlings with spores of Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh. to reliably screen white pines for resistance to blister rust.     

木塑复合材料的表面润湿性研究

热塑性聚合物之间的熔融共混改性和木材纤维与热塑性聚合物之间的复合,加入偶联剂均可提高复合材料的润湿性,对材料的相容有利;在偶联剂加入量相同的情况下,增加木材纤维的用量可以加速材料的润湿速度,有利于提高材料的润湿性;在热塑性聚合物用量一定的前提下,改变加入的增强材料的形状,对材料润湿性有影响,木材纤维可以提高复合材料的润湿性.     

猪笼草内表面微观结构及其浸润性研究

测量了猪笼草内表面各部位的接触角,发现超滑区疏水,最大接触角(150±2)°;超滑区和消化区有明显的浸润分界线;消化区亲水,最低接触角(16±2)°。研究发现超滑区呈微米级新月形、纳米级片状的复合结构,消化区呈微米级凹坑、网状褶皱的复合结构。结合化学处理和直接复制成形分析了内表面微结构和成分对浸润性的影响。结果表明超滑区的纳米级片状、网状蜡质结构对其超疏水特性起决定作用,消化区的接近超亲水特性主要与其表面物质成分有关,两个区域浸润性的大跨度变化是化学组成和表面形貌共同作用的结果。     

电晕处理对肉苁蓉表面性能及甘露醇溶出量的影响

为提高肉苁蓉的利用率,对肉苁蓉粉体表面进行电晕等离子体改性处理,并对粉体中甘露醇在水中溶出量进行测定。采用扫描电子显微镜、激光粒度分析、红外光谱分析等多种测试方法分析电晕改性处理前后粉体样品的表观形貌和表面性能的变化规律,对比改性机理进行讨论。结果表明,电晕处理后,粉体表面粗糙,亲水基团含量增加,材料表面润湿性能得到明显改善,甘露醇在水中溶出量也明显增加。其中,最佳的电晕工艺是为0.5kW电晕功率处理2min,此时改性效果最好,甘露醇在水中浸泡20min的溶出率达到63.9%,较未处理的原始样品提高45.8%。通过对肉苁蓉粉末表面进行电晕改性处理,能够有效改善粉体的表面性能,使材料中有效药物成分最大限度地溶出,从而提高中国宝贵中药资源的利用率。     

采用H2O2溶液对落叶松表面进行活化处理的研究

为提高用水性高分子异氰酸酯胶粘剂(API)胶接的落叶松木材的胶接性能,采用H2O2溶液对落叶松表面进行活化处理.试验结果表明采用H2O2溶液处理落叶松木材表面可以提高其胶接强度,用H2O2溶液处理过的落叶松表面比未处理过的落叶松素材的常态压缩剪切强度提高15%.文中还讨论了采用H2O2溶液对落叶松表面进行活化处理可以提高其胶接强度的主要机理.通过傅立叶红外吸收光谱(FTIR)证明用H2O2溶液处理落叶松木材表面可以提高其常态压缩剪切强度的机理主要是氧化作用,即用H2O2溶液处理落叶松木材表面后,其表面或获得活性基团羰基.通过对其表面接触角的测定可以看出,H2O2溶液处理过的落叶松表面润湿性增加,这对胶接有利.     

麦秆/SPI润湿性和X射线光电子能谱分析(英文)

[目的]为了改善麦秆表面胶接性能以制备大豆分离蛋白胶黏剂麦秆刨花板,分别对麦秆表面进行化学处理和酶处理。[方法]通过接触角测量和计算扩散-渗透系数(K),对未处理(对照试样)和两种化学处理及三种酶处理麦秆的麦秆表面润湿性进行评价分析,并通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对处理试样和对照试样进行表面元素分析。[结果]结果表明氢氧化钠处理、过氧化氢处理以及脂肪酶处理后的麦秆表面扩散-渗透系数K值同对照试样相比,分别提高了58.0%,48.7%和83.2%。XPS分析表明处理后的麦秆表面硅元素含量的急剧减少和蜡质层的破坏都为麦秆表面润湿性的改善起到了很重要的作用。[结论]麦秆化学处理和脂肪酶处理为豆胶麦秆刨花板的制备提供了技术支持。     

Wettability and surface roughness of thermally modified plywood panels

The objective of this research was to investigate the wettability and surface roughness properties of the plywood panels under thermal modification. The plywood panel specimens were subjected to thermal modification under atmospheric pressure and presence of air at a temperature of 150, 170 or 190 °C for 60 min. The contact angle measurements were obtained by using a KSV Cam-101 Scientific Instrument connected with a digital camera and computer system. The roughness measurements, average roughness (R_a) and maximum roughness (R_max), were performed based on both parallel and perpendicular to the grain using a fine stylus tracing technique. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in the surface roughness and contact angle values of the plywood panels following thermal modification.     

化学非光滑表面和几何粗糙表面的润湿性

研究了弥散Al₂O₃粒子的尼龙1010基复合涂层和喷涂T8钢—浸渍聚有机硅氧烷的复合涂层两类化学非光滑表面及聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、尼龙6、尼龙1010、T8钢、45钢和Al₂O₃粗糙表面的润湿性。导出了弥散球形粒子型化学非光滑表面上液体接触角与其组成相固有接触角关系的方程,该方程与尼龙1010—Al₂O₃粒子复合涂层表面接触角试验结果吻合良好。在尼龙1010基体中加入适量Al₂O₃粒子后,液体接触角未发生明显变化;T8钢喷涂层浸渍聚有机硅氧烷后,表面憎水性明显增强;材料的固有接触角越远离90°,表面粗糙性对接触角的影响越明显。     

锌,铜对锡铅钎料性能影响的研究

研究了Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ对含锡１５％和３０％的锡铅钎料系统工艺性，机械性能的影响，研究结果表明，Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ对锡铅钎料的工艺性能和机械性能有不良影响，少量Ｚｎ，Ｃｕ明显降低锡铅钎料润湿性和钎焊搭接接头强度，黄铜在３０ＳｎＰｂ钎料中的溶解速度明显高于１５ＳｎＰｂ钎料。     

Wetting agent effect on physical properties of new and reused rockwool and coconut coir waste

Wettability of growing medium in horticulture is an important practical factor of this industry. With a proper choice and a right application, wetting agent in the nutrient solution would improve wettability and some other physical properties of growing media. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on some physical properties of new and reused rockwool and coconut coir dust substrates with different doses of wetting agent (2, 10, 20, 100, 200, 1000, 2000, 10,000 and 20,000 mg L⁻¹) applied to the nutrient solution and their effects measured by using bioassays. The wetting agent was ether poly-ethylene-glycol nonil-phenol with 20% (w/v) as an active ingredient of a non-ionic surfactant. Bioassay results showed differences among species. For this, the method can be suggested as a good tool to be utilized through fertigation in soilless crops; however, other studies should be proposed for each species in particular. Except to the 2 mg L⁻¹ wetting agent content in reused coir waste, the total water-holding capacity increased with the wetting agent. With 2 mg L⁻¹ wetting agent content there was an important and significant increase the easily available water (over 600%) in both substrates (including the reused ones), while higher doses show no significant differences. The effect of adjuvants added through fertigation is directly dependant on the substrate type evaluated. The substrate reutilized after one crop, reduces the air capacity and increases the easily available water and total water-holding capacity. 2 mg L⁻¹ is the wetting agent concentration more adequate in coir waste and rockwool.