Effect of surface wettability on germination and gene expression in Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme basidiospores

Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme is an obligate pathogen of pine and oak. Its basidiospores are specifically adapted to recognize and establish infections on the pine host. Depending on environmental cues, the basidiospores can germinate directly, which typically leads to infection of pine, or indirectly, which usually results in formation of secondary basidiospores. We investigated how changes in surface wettability, or hydrophilicity, affect basidiospore germination. When we decreased surface wettability, the direct germination and total germination (direct+indirect) frequencies increased. Additionally, there was a critical threshold between 42% and 54% wettability, at which the basidiospores switched from direct to indirect germination. We conclude that the germination type of C. q. fusiforme basidiospores is influenced by the hydrophilicity of the surface upon which they land. To gain insight into gene expression during basidiospore germination, we made two suppression subtraction hybridization (SSH) libraries enriched for genes expressed during each type of germination. A total of 172 unique gene sequences were recovered from the two expression libraries. Annotation of these libraries indicates that they include several clones that may encode rust-specific or basidiomycete-specific functions.     

神农蜣螂前胸背板表面形态分形及润湿性

采用 3D SRAT 1型轮廓仪对神农蜣螂 (Catharsius molossus L innaeus)前胸背板表面形态进行了定量测量 ,在 JC2 0 0 0 A型表面张力 /接触角测量仪上测量了水与前胸背板表面的接触角 ,并基于分形理论对其表面轮廓进行了分析。研究表明 :神农蜣螂前胸背板表面呈现分形特征 ,由结构函数法和变分法估算的沿前胸背板表面纵向轮廓线的分形维数分别为 1.877和 1.86 8;水在神农蜣螂前胸背板表面上的表观接触角为 91°～ 10 6 .5°,其平均值为 97.2°,表现了很强的疏水性     

相渗透率改善剂对岩石润湿性的影响

分别测定岩石在相渗透率改善剂驱前后的润湿性,润湿性的测定采用阿莫特法.实验结果表明,岩心原始润湿性为亲水,水湿油湿指数比nw/no为2.164,注入相渗透率改善剂后岩石润湿性均发生变化,岩石的水湿指数增加,水湿油湿指数比增加,亲水性增强.相渗透率改善剂注入量越多,岩石亲水性越强,润湿性变化波及范围越广;相渗透率改善剂质量浓度越大,岩石亲水性越强;在同样条件下,未成胶时的润湿性变化大于成胶的变化,即亲水程度增加幅度大;随着距相渗透率改善剂注入端距离的增加,岩石亲水程度增强,达到一定距离后,亲水增加的幅度减小,亲水减弱,在出口端附近,接近原始润湿性;因此,岩石在注入相渗透率改善剂后,岩石的亲水性加强.     

Effects of lipase on poly(lactic acid) fibers

Two types of lipases, L3126 and Lipex 100L, were used to modify the surface of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fiber by measuring weight loss percentage and wettability of the fiber in this work. The influence factors were discussed and optimized based on single-factor experiments. The optimal conditions for the modification of poly(lactic acid) fiber with lipases were determined as follows: incubation with lipase L3126 of 0.5 g/l at 45 °C and pH 8.5 for 8 hours and incubation with lipase of 10 ml/l at 40 °C and pH 7.5 for 10 hours. Lipase L3126 showed higher biodegradation ability to poly(lactic acid) fiber than lipase Lipex 100L. The scanning electron microscopy confirmed that both of the two lipases could lead to the formation of etching characters on treated poly(lactic acid) fibers in comparison with the blank samples. Furthermore, the wettability of the fibers treated with the lipases was evidently improved, especially Lipase L3126.     

微波等离子体处理对杉木表面性能的影响

为了解微波等离子体处理对杉木表面性能的影响,使用接触角测定评估表面润湿性,使用扫描电子显微镜观测表面处理前后的差异。结果表明,杉木表面轻微波等离子体处理后,接触角下降为零,即使处理条件十分微弱、处理效果仍然十分明显,这表明微波等离子体处理可显著提高木材表面的润湿性,微波等离子体处理使杉木表面形成粗化面,即表面明显有等离子体蚀刻过的痕迹并留下凹凸不平的坑洼,粗化面的形成可能是导致杉木表面接触角下降,     

Optimization of enzymatic treatment of polyester fabrics by lipase from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Porcine Pancreas</Emphasis>

The aim of this study was to provide the optimum condition for improving the hydrophilicity of PET fabrics by lipase treatment. The lipase hydrolytic activity, moisture regain, and wettability of PET fabrics were measured at different pH, temperature, reaction time, and concentration. The hydrolytic activity of lipase was evaluated by the number of carboxylic groups, using the titration method. Each treatment condition was controlled by measuring the hydrolytic activity, moisture regain, and wettability. The lipase treatment condition was controlled at pH 7.5, temperature 40 °C, treatment time 90 min, and concentration 6.25 g/l. Lipase treatment was an effective method to improve the moisture regain and wettability of PET fabrics because lipase hydrolysis formed hydrophilic groups on the surface of PET fabrics. The surface of the lipase-treated PET fabrics showed cracks and voids, largely responsible for the increase in the PET’s water-related properties. The nitrogen contents of the lipase-treated PET fabrics were measured at only 0.072 %. Thus, the improvement of the surface wettability of the lipase-treated PET surface was associated with the hydrolytic action of lipase rather than with protein absorption.     

激光改形油菜清选筛面基体浸润特性研究

采用YAG—M50型激光打标机试制了9种仿生微改形油菜筛面基体,借助NT1100型表观形貌仪对试件加工区域的表观形貌进行了观测。利用CAM101型接触角测量仪分别测量了二次蒸馏水和过滤后菜籽油2种液相与9种仿生微改形油菜筛面基体的接触角,以仿生微造型的形态尺寸和形态间距为考察因素,分析了仿生微改形油菜筛面基体的浸润特性。结果表明,仿生微形态尺寸较小时,形态间距对界面浸润特性的影响较大;形态间距相同时,仿生微形态尺寸对界面浸润特性的影响与液相种类相关。     

落叶松、桦木和柞木木材表面的润湿性

测定了水和水性高分子异氰酸酯的主剂对落叶松、桦木和柞木表面的接触角，并通过测量不同表面张力的液体对落叶松、桦木和柞木材表面的接触角，推算出落叶松、桦木和柞木木材表面的自由能。结果表明：水和水性高分子异氰酸酯的主剂对桦木的接触角最大，同时计算得的桦木表面的自由能最低，说明在这3种木材当中，桦木的润湿性最差。通过柞木和落叶松的接触角的测定和表面自由能的计算可以看出：柞木和落叶松木材的表面润湿性相差不是很大，落叶松比柞木的润湿性稍好一些。对落叶松、桦木和柞木木材的径切面的胶合性能进行了研究，结果表明：柞木的常态压缩剪切胶合强度比桦木的略大一些，3种木材当中落叶松的常态压缩剪切胶合强度最低。     

介质阻挡放电冷等离子体处理对2种竹材表面润湿性的影响

[目的]改善竹材表面润湿性。[方法]采用介质阻挡放电(DBD)冷等离子体分别处理毛竹和巨龙竹表面,研究处理对2种竹材表面润湿性的影响。[结果]经DBD冷等离子体处理后,毛竹和巨龙竹表面润湿性均得到明显改善;DBD冷等离子体处理毛竹的最优工艺为处理功率5 k W,处理7次;DBD冷等离子体处理巨龙竹的最优工艺为处理功率4 k W,处理3次。[结论]DBD冷等离子体处理能明显改善2种竹材表面润湿性。     

香蕉叶表面特征及浸润性机理研究

【目的】研究香蕉树冠层不同时期蕉叶的正、反面润湿行为,以期为农药雾滴在蕉叶表面滞留调控机制提供依据。【方法】采用接触角测量仪表征蕉叶表面的静态润湿性能;利用高速摄像机记录液滴在蕉叶表面的动态润湿行为;使用场发射扫描电镜对蕉叶表面进行微观形貌观察获取表面结构信息,并借助傅立叶红外光谱仪分析其表面化学成分;基于Wenzel和Cassie润湿理论构建蕉叶表面微观结构模型,建立润湿方程阐述其润湿机理。【结果】扫描电镜发现蕉叶正面呈现微米-纳米级双层复合结构,在微米级突起结构上布满了纳米级乳突结构,分布为4.6个/μm²,条状突起宽度为(16.03±3.48)μm,乳突平均直径为(0.116±0.068)μm,蕉叶背面微米级条状突起结构尺寸大于正面,宽度为(74.25±9.80)μm,纳米级结构上呈现出网状突起,宽度为(2.35±0.49)μm,蕉叶背面的润湿性普遍大于正面的;在不同生长时期的蕉叶中,剑叶正面表现出亲水性,静态接触角(Contact angle,CA)为71.46°±6.02°,而其他时期的蕉叶正、反面均表现出弱疏水性,表明嫩叶正面具有更强的润湿和铺展能力;...