副猪嗜血杆菌病研究进展

副猪嗜血杆菌为革兰氏阴性的条件性致病菌,常引起断奶前后仔猪以多发性浆膜炎、关节炎、呼吸困难、高热等临床特征的传染性疾病,给养猪业带来重大经济损失。文章综述了近年来副猪嗜血杆菌病的病原学,流行病学,致病机理,临床症状与病理变化,临床诊断和防治等方面的研究进展。     

Strategies,Effectiveness and Rationale of Vector-borne Disease Control in the Pastoralist System of South-western Uganda

In Uganda, control of vector-borne diseases is mainly in form of vector control, and chemotherapy. There have been reports that acaricides are being misused in the pastoralist systems in Uganda. This is because of the belief by scientists that intensive application of acaricide is uneconomical and unsustainable particularly in the indigenous cattle. The objective of this study was to investigate the strategies, rationale and effectiveness of vector-borne disease control by pastoralists. To systematically carry out these investigations, a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods was used, in both the collection and the analysis of data. Cattle keepers were found to control tick-borne diseases (TBDs) mainly through spraying, in contrast with the control of trypanosomosis for which the main method of control was by chemotherapy. The majority of herders applied acaricides weekly and used an acaricide of lower strength than recommended by the manufacturers. They used very little acaricide wash, and spraying was preferred to dipping. Furthermore, pastoralists either treated sick animals themselves or did nothing at all, rather than using veterinary personnel. Oxytetracycline (OTC) was the drug commonly used in the treatment of TBDs. Nevertheless, although pastoralists may not have been following recommended practices in their control of ticks and tick-borne diseases, they were neither wasteful nor uneconomical and their methods appeared to be effective. Trypanosomosis was not a problem either in Sembabule or Mbarara district. Those who used trypanocides were found to use more drugs than were necessary.     

猪弓形虫病诊断与防治

猪弓形虫病是由刚地弓形虫感染引发的一种血液原虫病,该种疾病属于人畜共患病和典型的免疫性疾病,可以在多种牲畜群体中寄生。猪群一旦受到弓形虫感染,病情会快速传播,蔓延防控不及时,还会造成整个猪群全部发病,死亡率有时高达60%以上,是危害生猪养殖产业的常发病和高发病。因此,需要加强流行病学调查,在疾病进入流行高发期前,采取针对性措施防控,提高防控效果,降低发病率,保障养殖安全。该文探讨猪弓形虫病的流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断方法和防治措施。     

鹿布鲁氏菌病诊断与防控研究进展

布鲁氏菌病(布病)是一种重要的人兽共患传染病,可感染多种动物,其中鹿科动物是重要的宿主之一。随着我国经济动物养殖规模的扩大和发展以及野生鹿群资源保护的需求,鹿布病流行情况和防治措施具有重要的公共卫生意义。本文就国内外鹿布病的流行情况、临床症状,诊断及预防等情况进行综述,为我国鹿布病防控提供参考与建议。     

通辽地区紫花苜蓿田杂草种类及发生规律的调查研究

通过对紫花苜蓿田杂草种类及发生规律的调查研究，表明通辽地区紫花苜蓿田有13科31种杂草，以一年生杂草为主；优势杂草藜、酸模叶蓼、打碗花、稗、反枝苋等呈集群分布；主要杂草发生时间在紫花苜蓿播种后10d左右进入出苗高峰期；一年生杂草大量发生时间在5～6月份，二年生和多年生杂草易常年发生；以禾本科稗草，阔叶类杂草藜、反枝苋、酸模叶蓼、打碗花发生最为普遍，危害严重。     

飞机草的危害及防治措施简介

飞机草Eupatorium odoratum是一种有毒、侵占性极强的检疫性杂草,广泛分布于南美洲、亚洲、非洲、澳洲30多个国家的热带地区,目前已侵入我国南方各省并肆孽成灾。它侵占林地、草场、农田,危害农、林、牧业,危及人、畜健康,严重阻碍社会经济发展。目前国内外防治措施有:机械防治、替代防治、化学防治、生物防治、综合防治等。科技工作者多年的实验表明上述防治方法有一定的效果,为飞机草的防治工作提供了可行性建议。     

Biological control of trichostrongyles in calves by the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans fed to animals under natural grazing conditions

The present study was conducted in the 1993 grazing season with yearling calves exposed to a pasture with a natural mixed trichostrongyle larval infection. It was shown that daily feeding with the microfungus Duddingtonia flagrans during the first 2 months of the season led to a lowered herbage infectivity and a reduced acquisition of Ostertagia sp. and Cooperia sp. later in the season. In addition, the procedure delayed the onset of clinical disease. This was due to the nematode-destroying effects of the fungi in the dung excreted by the fungus-treated calves, as evidenced by results from a parallel in vitro assay on faecal larval cultures. The paper discusses future research needs before practical biological control can be implemented.     

我国西北、西南地区牧草种子质量及其影响因素分析

１９９３和１９９４年，对我国西北、西南７省（区）主要生产、经销的１１种１１０个种批的牧草和草坪草种子进行了现场扦样、质量检验和质量定级，并对影响种子质量的因素进行了调查与分析。结果表明：被检种的平均合格率为７１．４％，其一、二、三级及不合格种子分别占３６．０％、１２．７％、２２．７％和２８．６％。种批的质量以进口坪用草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草和国产苇状羊茅（坪用）和老芒麦质量最好，种批平均质量均达一级；其次为国产多年生黑麦草（坪用）和毛苕子，虽然各含三级和／或二级种子，但合格率为１００％。其它被检种质量较低，尤其是紫花苜蓿（１９９３年检）、沙打旺（１９９４年检）、苏丹草和红豆草，不合格种批率分别为６０％、７０％、８０％和１００％。种子质量低的主要表现为多数种杂质含量高和杂草种子严重超标，部分种发芽率低以及个别种水分含量过高。影响种子质量的主要因素为（１）种子生产不规范，技术落后；（２）生产和经营者缺乏必备的种子收获、清选机具以及种子收后质量管理知识；（３）种子经营混乱，信息不畅，产销脱节等。就如何尽快提高我国牧草种子质量以及加强种子质量管理等问题提出了建议。     

影响原料奶发酵因素的初探及其控制

通过用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌(1:1)3%的接种量,42.5℃培养,做发酵试验分析,主要存在以下几个因素影响着原料乳的发酵质量:抗生素的残留量、原始酸度和pH值、蛋白含量和总固体含量。通过实验发现脂肪对其影响不大。     

养猪场户如何做好非洲猪瘟的防控

非洲猪瘟是一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病^[1],近两年来给我国养猪业带来了灾难性的影响。因此,在当前阶段做好现有养猪场户的防控工作尤为重要。文章结合我国养猪特点和防控形势,从养猪从业者角度介绍了非洲猪瘟的特点、传播方式、综合防控措施及防疫职责,以期为广大生猪养殖者做好非洲猪瘟防控提供参考。