改性炉渣处理低浓度含磷废水试验研究

[目的]探讨改性炉渣处理低浓度含磷废水的最佳工艺条件.[方法]利用盐酸改性的炉渣处理低浓度含磷废水,分析溶液pH、改性炉渣投加量、反应时间、温度等因素对除磷效果的影响,并对改性锅炉炉渣的除磷机理进行了初步探讨.[结果]当溶液pH为8,改性炉渣的投加量为2.0g,反应时间为60 min,温度为35℃时,磷的去除率最高,达96.59％.[结论]该研究为低浓度含磷废水的处理提供了理论参考.     

烟草薄片生产废水处理现状及发展趋势

为探寻造纸法烟草薄片废水的高效处理工艺,分析了烟草薄片废水的主要污染指标,综述了目前应用较多的7种造纸废水处理工艺,各工艺针对不同水质的废水均有成功的案例。总结了不同工艺对烟草废水处理的成功之处,同时提出我国烟草薄片废水的处理工艺中存在的问题并进行研究展望,为新型高效处理工艺的研发提供参考。     

Discharge management in fresh and brackish water RAS: Combined phosphorus removal by organic flocculants and nitrogen removal in woodchip reactors

The current study combined P and N removal using organic flocculant chemicals and woodchip bioreactors in both freshwater and brackish water (7 ppm) recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). The use of carbon (C) containing flocculant chemicals in the process was hypothesized to further stimulate C-demanding N removal (denitrification) in bioreactors. The trial of combined P and N removal consisted of four treatments: freshwater and brackish water RAS with and without the addition of supernatant from flocculation process to the woodchip reactor. Duplicate woodchip reactors were used per treatment and the trial was run for six weeks. 56% and 49% of P was removed from fresh and brackish sludge water, respectively. The nitrate-N (NO₃-N) removal rate was improved in the treatment when supernatant from flocculation process was used together with RAS discharge water when compared against the control. In brackish water RAS, the improvement was more pronounced (from 6.6–16.5 g NO₃-N m⁻³ d^-1) than in freshwater RAS (from 5.1–6.5 NO₃-N m⁻³ d^-1). In the freshwater bioreactors using supernatant, N was largely discharged as a nitrite-N (NO₂-N). High NO₂-N concentrations in freshwater reactors allude to incomplete denitrification reactions taking place. The results suggest that the organic flocculants did provide an additional C source for denitrification, which improved the N-removal process. However, in freshwater RAS this might have been partly due to untargeted processes such as DNRA (dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium), and/or insufficient denitrification reactions taking place (excessive NO₂-N production).     

厌氧＋人工湿地处理农村生活污水研究

［目的］研究厌氧＋人工湿地对高负荷污水处理的能力。［方法］通过新式湿地对CODCr、SP、TP和NH4^＋-N等常规污染物的去除,研究其对污水处理的能力。［结果］采用90 cm/d 水力负荷运行时,CODCr去除率可达70%-80%,可将300.00 mg/L以上的CODCr降低至100.00 mg/L以下,对SP和NH^4＋-N的去除率在30%-40%。［结论］人工湿地的CODCr、SP及NH^4＋-N浓度为300.00、250、15.00 mg/L以下时,能达到较稳定去除效率。     

山东省废水污染源自动监测监控系统的设计与应用

为了实现对废水污染源企业的实时在线监控,对监测信息进行管理和发布,综合利用自动控制、嵌入式数据采集与传输、分布式计算与数据处理、地理信息系统等技术,研制了山东省废水污染源自动监测监控系统。该系统集全省废水污染源企业自动监测信息的采集、传输和日常处理工作为一体,不仅实现了对废水污染源企业的连续在线监控,并且对监测数据进行深度挖掘与利用,为节能、降耗、减排、总量控制等环境管理工作提供了科学和客观的依据,满足环境管理及相关部门对废水污染源管理的要求。     

Impacts of standard and ‘low environmental impact’ greywater irrigation on soil and plant nutrients and ecology

Interest in recycling greywaters is increasing as population growth, pollution and climate change increase pressure on water resources. There has been little research investigating impacts of irrigating untreated greywater on soil and plant health and to our knowledge no studies comparing greywater from standard with “low environmental impact” detergents. A soil-pot trial with lettuce and radish compared tap water, nutrient solution, and grey water (standard and minimal impact) irrigation. Greywater had impacts on plant biomass and nutrition, soil enzyme activity, and worm avoidance. In particular, there was little indication that the minimal impact greywater was safer for irrigation than the standard greywater. The minimal impact greywater was the only greywater treatment to have a significant negative impact on soil phosphatase activity and worm avoidance. The results highlight the need for greater understanding of the impacts of untreated greywater in irrigating vegetable gardens and especially when manufacturers make claims about the environmental friendliness of their products.     

淀粉废水及废弃物的利用研究

玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉加工过程中的废水、废渣成分复杂,营养丰富,对其研究和利用,不仅可变废为宝,而且可以减少环境污染。探讨了玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉废水的处理方法以及废弃物的综合回收利用。     

酒精废液高温厌氧消化装置比较试验研究

：本文报道了用ＵＡＳＢ／ＩＴＳ、ＵＢＦ和ＵＡＳＢ三种厌氧装置进行实验室规模玉米酒精废液高温厌氧消化比较试验的研究结果。结果表明：三种装置都具有良好的高温厌氧消化处理酒精废液的能力,当有机负荷为１０ｇＣＯＤ／（Ｌ·ｄ）时,它们的ＣＯＤ去除率可以达到９０％,此时的装置产气率为６Ｌ／（Ｌ·ｄ）。综合比较试验结果,ＵＡＳＢ／ＩＴＳ试验装置的运行稳定性最好。     

人工湿地在污水净化中的作用——以帽石沟小流域为例

对人工湿地在帽石沟小流域污水净化中所起的作用进行分析的结果表明,人工湿地去除了污水中的一部分营养物质,在该湿地现阶段的运行中,以磷的去除率为最高,达到25%     

微生物絮凝法处理六硝基茋废水

[目的]研究微生物絮凝法处理含六硝基芪废水的效果及可行性。[方法]从六硝基芪生产废水排放口污泥中驯化筛选得到高效微生物絮凝荆产生菌,对其絮凝活性、COD去除率及其影响因素进行研究。[结果]水样pH、絮凝助剂CaCl2投加量、絮凝剂投加量均对废水COD去除率有较明显的影响。当六硝基芪废水pH为8．0,絮凝助剂CaCl2溶液投加量为5．0ml／L,微生物絮凝剂投加量为2．0ml／L时,废水的COD去除率可达69．6％。[结论]采用微生物絮凝法处理六硝基芪生产废水是可行的。