斜板上流式厌氧污泥床处理低浓度有机废水的试验研究

本文报告了用１６．１升斜板上流式厌氧污泥床在常温下处理低浓度有机废水的启动和运行试验研究。试验使用稀释酒精废水为模拟处理基质，启动阶段仅用７７天时间，装置水力负荷达到２ｍ３／（ｍ３．ｄ），ＣＯＤ去除率达到７８．９％，此时进水ＣＯＤ浓度为７６７．８ｍｇ／Ｌ。在第二阶段试验中，仅用一天时间，装置就恢复了时隔半年的正常运行。以后在温度１２℃以上，ＨＲＴ为１２小时，进水ＣＯＤ浓度在６６０．０～９８２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ范围的１２９天稳定运行中，平均ＣＯＤ去除率为７６．１％。结果表明：采用该工艺处理低浓度有机废水在技术上是可行的，具有启动快，运行稳定，工艺控制简便的优点。水浸没的成组浅层斜板在ＵＡＳＢ／ＩＴＳ反应器中有良好的污泥截留能力和稳流效果，容易生成大颗粒污泥。颗粒污泥最大粒径可达５ｍｍ，ＳＶＩ为１８．２ｍｌ／ｇ。颗粒污泥中以甲烷丝菌为优势菌。     

厌氧折流板反应器处理豆制品废水的研究

本试验利用厌氧折流板反应器（ＡＢＲ）中温处理豆制品废水,对其启动过程和提高负荷运行过程进行了研究。试验表明,ＡＢＲ处理豆制品废水优势突出：其启动过程快,易培养出颗粒化的活性污泥;稳定运行时,容积负荷可达到１４．３ｇＣＯＤ／（Ｌ·ｄ）,ＣＯＤ去除率能保持８０％以上;具良好的抗冲击负荷和抗低ｐＨ的能力;ＭＰＮ计数表明不同时间、不同区段的三大类菌群呈现明显的规律性变化     

Biomass production and N balance of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) under high water and N input in Mediterranean environments

This study aimed to evaluate the productivity of Arundo donax under good water and N availability coming from non-conventional sources, in different Italian environments (Padova and Bologna in the north, Reggio Calabria and Catania in the south) in relation to three harvest periods (autumn; mid-winter; late-winter).In the northern locations A. donax had already reached maximum productivity the year after transplanting, with 85 and 98 t ha⁻¹ of dry matter at Padova and Bologna, respectively. At Reggio Calabria and Catania a further biomass increase was obtained from the second to third year of cultivation, when production was 62 t ha⁻¹ and 51 t ha⁻¹, respectively.The average dry matter production was 74, 66 and 65 t ha⁻¹ with autumn, mid-winter and late-winter harvesting, respectively.Under N input ranging from 225 to 329 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ at the different locations, the apparent N balance (input–output) was negative except in Catania indicating a great potential of A. donax to provide high N uptake, which would be a useful feature in environments under the European Nitrates Directive.     

Reuse of effluent water—benefits and risks

There is an increasing trend to require more efficient use of water resources, both in urban and rural environments. A major mechanism that can be used to achieve greater efficiencies is the reuse of water that once would have been discarded into the environment after use. The reuse of water for agricultural irrigation is often viewed as a positive means of recycling water due to the potential large volumes of water that can be used. Recycled water can have the advantage of being a constant, reliable water source and reduces the amount of water extracted from the environment. In addition, in some cases treatment requirements may be need to be less than for water used in an urban environment due to less potential human contact. There are concerns and unknowns, however, about the impact of the quality of the recycled water, both on the crop itself and on the end users of the crops. Water quality issues that can create real or perceived problems in agriculture include nutrient and sodium concentrations, heavy metals, and the presence of contaminants such as human and animal pathogens, pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors. Social attitudes to the use of crops that have been irrigated with recycled waters and the resulting impact on market value of crops are also a major consideration. This paper will discuss the benefits from using different types of recycled water and outline the current knowledge and opinions relating to risks such as water quality issues.     

胱氨酸生产废水的效益型资源化研究

针对目前胱氨酸生产废水的处理和资源化所存在的问题，通过现场调查、室内模拟、生物试验、车间试生产等手段，探讨了胱氨酸生产废水效益型资源化的原理和技术应用，阐明了“半浓缩─脱水调制─处理改型”的技术路线将胱氨酸生产废水制成有机一无机复合型的氨基酸复合（混）固体肥料的工艺特点、产品特点和效益特点。     

农药生产废水的综合治理

根据农药生产废水的特点，先采用物化处理，降低废水的CODcr浓度，提高废水可生化性，再进行双重生化处理。实践表明：采用此工艺，具有操作简单灵活，处理成本低，管理方便，出水水质高等特点。     

图们江下游小城镇污水处理工艺的优化选择

运用层次分析法(AHP)的理论及方法,建立一个4个层次11个指标6个方案的综合评价体系,从技术性能、经济效益和管理效益等方面,对氧化沟、SBR法、接触氧化法、曝气生物滤池、膜生物反应器及高级氧化法等6种污水处理技术进行了综合评价,从中拟选取适合图们江下游小城镇污水处理的最优方案.同时,采用专家评分法对6种处理技术进行计算、对比、评价.结果表明,膜生物反应器的分值最高,为图们江下游小城镇污水处理工艺的首选.     

纯蒙脱石吸附Zn~（2＋）的研究

[目的]探索纯蒙脱石处理含锌废水的因素与效果。[方法]从蒙脱石提纯入手,进行纯蒙脱石处理含锌废水的试验研究,探讨纯蒙脱石对含锌废水处理效果的影响因素,确定纯蒙脱石去除水中Zn2＋的工艺条件,并研究纯蒙脱石对Zn2＋的吸附等温曲线。[结果]纯蒙脱石对含锌废水处理效果主要受振荡速度、吸附时间、溶液pH值和投加量等因素影响。温度为30℃时纯蒙脱石对Zn2＋的吸附等温曲线更符合Langmuir方程和BET方程,相关系数均为0.986 9,最大吸附容量39.00 mg/g。在该试验条件下,纯蒙脱石对水中Zn2＋（20ml,Zn2＋浓度均为50 mg/L）达到最佳去除效果时的工艺条件为：振荡速度150 r/min,吸附时间60 min,溶液pH值6.10,此条件下Zn2＋去除率达到85.3%。[结论]该研究为应用蒙脱石开发污水处理新材料提供了科学依据。     

以农田灌溉为目的的城市污水处理工艺研究

[目的]通过试验研究开发以农田灌溉为目的的城市污水处理工艺。[方法]采用高负荷活性污泥法处理城市污水,以满足《农田灌溉水质标准》的要求。[结果]高负荷活性污泥法不设初次沉淀池,负荷高,泥龄短,污泥沉降性能良好,不存在污泥膨胀,对有机物的去除以絮凝、吸附、沉淀作用为主,CODCr、BOD5、SS、氮、磷等出水水质指标均可满足《农田灌溉水质标准》的要求。[结论]高负荷活性污泥法可作为污水资源化利用-回用于农田灌溉的处理工艺。     

便携式废水降解过程在线监测系统构建

针对高浓度有机废水中的综合治理,提出了一种废水降解过程在线监测方案,设计并实现了在线监测系统。系统利用热电偶温度传感器采集温度数据,利用光电转换器采集光信号,可以及时汇总、统计、分析废水降解生产运行中的信息,加强生产过程管理和分析,提高管理工作效率。实验表明,该方法具有体积小、精度高、采集速度快、数据可在线分析和无人值守等优点,实用性强,易于推广和应用。