基于体压分布的床垫硬度对人体舒适性的影响

床垫作为睡眠的平台,其支撑性能对人体健康和睡眠舒适性有着重要的影响。在定量化研究床垫软硬度的基础上,利用体压分布测试,通过软硬度适宜的床垫与硬度较大的床垫进行对比分析,研究床垫软硬度对人体舒适性的影响。结果表明：(1)软硬度适宜的床垫有利于人-床界面压力的分散性,有利于人体腰部支撑;(2)适宜于男性受试者的床垫的软硬度小于适宜于女性受试者的床垫软硬度。     

木板壁民居对湿热气候的适应性

为调查山地木板壁民居对重庆夏季湿热气候的适应性,选取当地典型木板壁民居作为研究对象,在夏季对其室内热环境进行实测。结合当地建筑特点及居民生活习惯,对实测数据进行分析,并利用APMV对室内热环境进行评价。结果表明,木板壁民居夏季依靠自然通风显著改善了室内热舒适度,夏季典型日APMV达Ⅱ级以上的约占65%。传统木夹壁民居在热环境营造上响应了当地气候特点,具有较好的气候适应性。     

The influence of the environment on dairy cow behavior, claw health and herd lameness dynamics

Free stall housing increases the exposure of dairy cows’ claws to concrete walk-ways and to manure between periods of rest, and generally shows the highest rate of lameness compared with other dairy management systems. However, there is great variation within a system, and the rate of new cases of lameness can be reduced to very low levels provided time spent resting per day is maximized through good stall design, access to stalls through stocking density control and comfortable transition cow facilities, limiting the time spent milking, provision of adequate heat abatement, and good leg hygiene. Sand bedded stalls are useful as they also permit lame cows to maintain adequate daily rest. Rubberized alley flooring surfaces benefit the cow by reducing claw wear and trauma compared to concrete, making them ideal for parlor holding areas and long transfer lanes and walk ways. However, caution is required when using rubber floors in pens with uncomfortable stalls due to apparent adverse effects on cow time budgets, which may in turn have a detrimental effect on lameness.     

某越野救护车整车性能分析及悬架系统优化

针对现有越野救护车平顺性问题,运用传统的计算方法对前后悬架进行匹配计算,并结合多体动力学软件建立了整车虚拟样机模型,整车试验验证了所建模型的正确性。根据国家标准对整车的平顺性和操纵稳定性进行模拟计算,验证了悬架改进方案的正确性和可行性。     

Small-radius turning performance of an articulated vehicle by direct yaw moment control

This paper reports the turning performance of an articulated vehicle in which applying direct yaw-moment control is applied to reduce the turning radius. In the proposed method, a braking force is applied to the inner tires when the articulation angle reaches its maximum in turning, which generates a yaw-moment around the vehicle's centre of gravity. The yaw-moment allows the vehicle to turn in a small radius. To evaluate the performance in tight turns, experiments were conducted using a wheel loader on paved ground. The vehicle's turning radius, yaw rate and side-slip angle were determined from the data measured using two global positioning systems and a fibre-optic gyro sensor. In addition, results of a simulation were compared with experimental results from a test vehicle. The turning radius at a braking pressure of 4 MPa was at least 0.41 m smaller than that of 0 MPa. Experimental and simulated results proved that generating a yaw-moment by applying one-sided braking forces during turning decreases the turning radius.     

细菌群体趋药性算法在农产品配送车辆调度中的应用

描述了农产品配送车辆调度中存在的问题,建立了带有时间窗口约束的多目标农产品配送车辆调度模型,提出基于细菌群体趋药性算法的求解方法,仿真结果表明,基于细菌体趋药性算法的结果优于遗传算法,为农产品配送车辆调度问题的解决提供了新思路。     

多媒体网络环境下大学英语阅读教学模式构建

利用体压分布测量系统,采用主观评价与客观测试相结合的方法分析了沙发靠背高度与坐姿舒适性、及压力分布指标之间的关系,为从人体工程学的角度优化沙发靠背面的设计以及沙发舒适性的评价提供了理论依据。试验研究表明,沙发靠背面的高度较大时,坐姿总体舒适性会较高,但较高的靠背面会影响颈部的舒适性。     

Numerical study of airflow distribution in air-conditionedtrain in Qinghai-Tibet Railway

To obtain the influence of outer environmental condition on the indoor airflow distribution for the 25T air-conditioned train in Qinghai-Tibet, the Realizable k-ε model is adopted to numerically analyze the indoor temperature and velocity fields of the running train. The results indicate that solar radiation has great effect on the indoor temperature field and it is meaningful for improving the thermal comfort to adjust the air supply parameters with the outer environmental condition. Under different air supply conditions, it is the conjugating relation between the indoor temperature field and velocity field that leads to different thermal comfort in different regions of the running train. In addition, the operating modes exchange under different outdoor environmental conditions is also discussed and some additional functions of the using air-conditioning system are put forward too.     

墙面绿化降温增湿效应对人体舒适度影响的研究

为研究墙面绿化的降温增湿效应,对绿化墙面进行连续测量,并以无绿化墙面作为对照,探讨温湿度对人体舒适度的影响。结果表明:当采用墙面绿化后,绿化墙体比对照墙体室内平均温度降低0.66℃;绿化墙体内外墙面温差为1.08℃;绿化墙体外墙面比对照墙体外墙面平均温度降低0.79℃;温湿度日变化中,温度最高点出现在13∶00左右,14∶00温度有所下降,湿度最低值出现在13∶00左右,温湿度变化呈现出负相关的关系。墙面绿化一定程度上可降低THI指数,提高人体舒适度,缩小室内外温度差。     

重庆市黔江区旅游气候舒适度评价

利用2000—2014年气象站点数据(月平均气温、相对湿度、风速、日照时数),对黔江区以及重庆主城区各项气象要素15年间的年际、年内变化规律进行对比分析,并通过对温湿指数(THI)和风效指数(K)的定量计算,综合评价了黔江区、重庆主城区的旅游气候舒适度。结果表明,黔江区多年来年均气温变化波动较大,总体呈现略微下降趋势,全年日照时数较少,相对湿度大,风速较小,一年中共有6个月为气候舒适月,包括春季(4、5月)、夏季(6、8月)、秋季(9、10月);重庆主城区的气候舒适月分别为春季(3、4、5月)、秋季(9、10、11月)。相较于重庆主城区而言,黔江区在夏季旅游气候更清凉舒适,具备一定的优势。