农田平整度测量装置研究与预测分析

为准确测量农田平整度,测量装置采用超声波传感器间接测量与磁致伸缩位移传感器直接测量相结合,并通过姿态传感器与陀螺仪获取测量装置姿态辅助修正测量值,通过LSTM神经网络的不同数量训练集对其测量值进行趋势变化预测。试验结果表明,测量装置磁致伸缩位移传感器测量过程中稳定性优于超声波传感器,通过卡尔曼分布式融合数据能有效滤除噪声,再分别通过前10 s、前20 s与前30 s数据做训练集,来进行预测分析,其均方根误差平均值为2.42,平均绝对误差平均值为2.67。试验结果表明,Kalman滤波融合数据与预测数据的均方根误差与平均绝对误差较小,能准确反映与预测平整度变化趋势,使测量装置准确的测量农田平整度及预测变化趋势。     

Invasions of rainbow trout and brown trout in Japan: A comparison of invasiveness and impact on native species

Many species of salmonids have been stocked into waters outside of their native range. The invasiveness and impact of these species on native species varies depending on their biological traits, and on environmental conditions, such as climate. In Japan, rainbow trout and brown trout, both listed in 100 of the world's worst invasive alien species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, occur as non-native species. The invasiveness of these two species is thought to be related to seasonal flooding, given flood waters can physically damage fry and prevent population establishment. Rainbow trout have successfully invaded waters in Hokkaido, northern Japan, where the likelihood of flooding is low between June and July, when their fry emerge, but successful invasions are rare in regions south of Hokkaido. Brown trout, however, have successfully invaded waters not only in Hokkaido, but also other regions. Since brown trout have a similar life history to the native white-spotted charr and masu salmon, with fry emerging before the flood season, they are more suited to the Japanese climate than Rainbow trout. Rainbow and brown trout interact with native species in various ways, but a common outcome of these interactions is the displacement of native charr species. Legal regulations of non-native salmonids should be based on understandings of the ecological traits of each invasive species and regional impacts on native species. Given the ongoing nature of climate change, the nature and extent of the effects of rainbow and brown trout on native species might also change.     

用像面全息散斑干涉法测裂纹尖端三维位移场

提出了显微像面全息和散斑干涉分离术测试三维位移的新方法，并应用该技术对裂纹尖端附近的位移及应变场进行了测试和计算。此外，还提出了一种再现像面全息的简单而有效的方法。