基于介电特性的联合收获机小麦含水率检测装置研究

谷物水分的快速测量对谷物准确测产、粮食快速收储、精准农业实施具有重要意义。针对联合收获机动态作业条件下小麦水分检测稳定性差、测量精度低等问题,基于小麦介电特性原理,设计一种联合收获机水分在线检测装置,提出一种动态连续取样、静态间歇测量的新方法,实现了联合收获机作业条件下,在线快速稳定检测小麦含水率。在线检测装置由机械动态取样部分、电机控制模块、传感器模块、数据采集模块、卫星定位模块和显示终端组成。其中传感器模块包括水分传感器、温度传感器和料位传感器。开展了静态验证试验和田间动态验证试验。试验结果表明,静态条件下,含水率在线检测误差在3%以内;在田间动态变化条件下,建立了基于介电常数和温度因子的水分检测模型,实测值和检测值相关系数达到0.92,在线检测误差小于5%。采用动态连续采样、静态间歇测量的方法显著提高了含水率在线检测的精度,为实现小麦精准生产提供了一种快速测量手段。     

再生稻空间直取大偏移轮系宽窄行分插机构设计与试验

为了解决再生稻生产过程中,收获机履带碾压头季稻稻桩的问题,本文从机械栽植角度入手,在单位种植面积有效株数一定的条件下,通过合理增大栽植行距以增大履带行走行距。提出一种可实现大偏移、直取秧和小侧向穴口移栽轨迹的空间行星轮系分插机构。首先,结合栽植农艺规划宽窄行移栽轨迹并确定其上若干关键位置与姿态,建立了空间2R开链机构3精确位姿空间几何约束设计方程,采用同伦算法进行求解;然后,基于求解参数拟合、优化得到开链机构输入轴与输出轴相对角位移曲线,确定机构传动比与非圆齿轮节曲线,复演得到满足移栽要求的空间轨迹;最后,通过依附非圆齿轮副将开链机构两转轴运动耦合,设计得到一种由平面非圆齿轮与斜齿轮组合传动的轮系式再生稻宽窄行分插机构,并进行虚拟仿真与样机试验,结果表明样机实际运动轨迹姿态与理论设计基本一致;取苗至推苗横向偏移量ΔS1为65.59mm、侧向推苗角γ1为16.13°、侧向穴口宽度ΔS3为23.69mm,满足再生稻宽窄行移栽要求,验证了轮系式宽窄行分插机构设计的可行性。     

基于ResNet-CA的鱼群饱腹程度识别方法

投喂作为水产养殖过程中的一个关键环节,饵料的投喂量直接影响水产品的质量和养殖成本。然而,目前的投喂方法包括人工投喂和机器定时定量投喂,大多依靠人工经验,很难实现精准投喂。本文基于改进的ResNet34识别鱼群不同的饱腹程度。根据鱼群在不同饱腹阶段表现的摄食行为创建了含有5种不同饱腹程度的数据集,并采用数据增强操作对图像进行预处理。其次在原始模型ResNet34的基础上,本文提出使用坐标注意力机制,使模型在对图像进行特征提取的过程中能够做到专注于更大区域范围。并且使用深度可分离卷积的方式来代替传统卷积,减少模型参数量。为了评估改进的有效性,分析了改进后的模型在鱼群饱腹程度数据集上的性能,并将其与原模型ResNet34、AlexNet、VGG16、MobileNet-v2、GoogLeNet等经典卷积神经网络架构进行比较。综合实验结果表明,该模型相较于原模型参数量减少46.7%,准确率达到93.4%,相较于原模型提升3.4个百分点,同时改进后的模型在准确率、精确度、召回率等方面也都优于其他卷积神经网络。综上所述,本模型实现了性能与参数量之间的良好平衡,为后续模型在实际养殖环境中的部署并指导养殖户改善和制定投喂策略提供了可能。     

取秧侧向零偏移的空间轨迹再生稻分插机构设计与试验

为了解决现有空间行星轮系式分插机构在再生稻宽窄行机械化种植取秧过程中出现侧向偏移量和侧向偏转角的技术难题,本文提出一种具有局部平面轨迹特性的空间轨迹不等速行星轮系机构,并开展基于取秧口和机构回转中心位置约束下的宽窄行分插机构综合研究。构建了基于关键位姿点(取秧起始点、取秧结束点、推秧点)的空间轮系机构运动综合模型,利用关键位姿点求解机构杆长参数与空间交错轴信息,并通过优选二杆相对角位移参数实现机构传动比分配。将不完全非圆齿轮副引入空间行星轮系机构,利用间歇机构锁止弧约束行星轴,实现机构取秧过程侧向零偏移量、侧向零偏转角的平面轨迹段。通过仿真分析与机构样机试验验证了机构实际作业性能与理论设计相一致,结果表明：分插机构取秧侧向零偏移量,取秧侧向零偏转角,推秧侧向总偏移量为50.24 mm、取秧角为5.18°、推秧角为71.56°、推秧侧向角为16.26°、插秧穴口宽度为22.43 mm、轨迹高度为289.76 mm,满足预期设计要求。最后通过田间试验验证,分插机构可实现等行距取秧口和既定机构回转中心下宽行(40 cm)与窄行(20 cm)间隔机插,满足再生稻宽窄行种植要求。     

基于YOLO v8n-seg和改进Strongsort的多目标小鼠跟踪方法

多目标小鼠跟踪是小鼠行为分析的基本任务,是研究社交行为的重要方法。针对传统小鼠跟踪方法存在只能跟踪单只小鼠以及对多目标小鼠跟踪需要对小鼠进行标记从而影响小鼠行为等问题,提出了一种基于实例分割网络YOLO v8n-seg和改进Strongsort相结合的多目标小鼠无标记跟踪方法。使用RGB摄像头采集多目标小鼠的日常行为视频,标注小鼠身体部位分割数据集,对数据集进行增强后训练YOLO v8n-seg实例分割网络,经过测试,模型精确率为97.7%,召回率为98.2%,mAP50为99.2%,单幅图像检测时间为3.5ms,实现了对小鼠身体部位准确且快速地分割,可以满足Strongsort多目标跟踪算法的检测要求。针对Strongsort算法在多目标小鼠跟踪中存在的跟踪错误问题,对Strongsort做了两点改进：对匹配流程进行改进,将未匹配上目标的轨迹和未匹配上轨迹的目标按欧氏距离进行再次匹配;对卡尔曼滤波进行改进,将卡尔曼滤波中表示小鼠位置和运动状态的小鼠身体轮廓外接矩形框替换为以小鼠身体轮廓质心为中心、对角线为小鼠体宽的正方形框。经测试,改进后Strongsort算法的ID跳变数为14,MOTA为97.698%,IDF1为85.435%,MOTP为75.858%,与原Strongsort相比,ID跳变数减少88%,MOTA提升3.266个百分点,IDF1提升27.778个百分点,与Deepsort、ByteTrack和Ocsort相比,在MOTA和IDF1上均有显著提升,且ID跳变数大幅降低,结果表明改进Strongsort算法可以提高多目标无标记小鼠跟踪的稳定性和准确性,为小鼠社交行为分析提供了一种新的技术途径。     

组织行为与农产品质量安全技术扩散的耦合分析

组织化是提高产品质量水平的有效形式,安全技术的扩散使用是质量安全生产的基础。组织安全行为由质量安全保证行为、质量安全控制行为和质量安全管理行为共同组成,控制方式由契约控制和社会控制组成。组织控制方式和技术扩散之间存在互动关系,二者的耦合有助于质量安全技术的扩散。     

Hygiene-Eliciting Brood Semiochemicals as a Tool for Assaying Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Colony Resistance to Varroa (Mesostigmata: Varroidae)

Despite numerous interventions, the ectoparasitic mite Varroa (Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman [Mesostigmata: Varroidae]) and the pathogens it vectors remain a primary threat to honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus [Hymenoptera: Apidae]) health. Hygienic behavior, the ability to detect, uncap, and remove unhealthy brood from the colony, has been bred for selectively for over two decades and continues to be a promising avenue for improved Varroa management. Although hygienic behavior is expressed more in Varroa-resistant colonies, hygiene does not always confer resistance to Varroa. Additionally, existing Varroa resistance selection methods trade efficacy for efficiency, because those achieving the highest levels of Varroa resistance can be time-consuming, and thus expensive and impractical for apicultural use. Here, we tested the hypothesis that hygienic response to a mixture of semiochemicals associated with Varroa-infested honey bee brood can serve as an improved tool for predicting colony-level Varroa resistance. In support of our hypothesis, we demonstrated that a mixture of the compounds (Z)-10-tritriacontene, (Z)-8-hentriacontene, (Z)-8-heptadecene, and (Z)-6-pentadecene triggers hygienic behavior in a two-hour assay, and that high-performing colonies (hygienic response to ≥60% of treated cells) have significantly lower Varroa infestations, remove significantly more introduced Varroa, and are significantly more likely to survive the winter compared to low-performing colonies (hygienic response to <60% of treated cells). We discuss the relative efficacy and efficiency of this assay for facilitating apiary management decisions and selection of Varroa-resistant honey bees, as well as the relevance of these findings to honey bee health, pollination services, and social insect communication.     

Inter‐annual variability in amphibian assemblages: implications for diversity assessment and conservation

• 1. Diversity assessments and conservation management should take into account the dynamic nature of populations and communities, particularly when they are subject to highly variable and unpredictable environmental conditions.
• 2. This study evaluates the inter‐annual variability in the assemblage composition (temporal turnover) of an amphibian community breeding in a highly dynamic habitat, a Mediterranean temporary pond system, during a 4‐year period.
• 3. A comprehensive framework is provided to evaluate temporal turnover from data of a differing nature (species richness, presence/absence and relative abundance) and, especially, to discern variation in richness (species loss) from changes in the identity or abundance of species (species replacement).
• 4. Results show that the pond amphibian assemblages in Doñana National Park exhibited high inter‐annual variability during the study period, both in the number of species, species identity and their relative abundance. This result provides evidence for the inadequacy of surveys conducted only in one breeding season to characterize the species assemblage associated with a given pond. Besides, it suggests that a given pond offers different breeding opportunities over time, being suitable for different species depending on the year. This alternation will contribute to the medium‐term preservation of all species in the assemblage.
• 5. It is highly relevant to preserve the natural dynamism and spatial variability of temporary pond systems, which will favour the conservation of populations through their intrinsic variability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

     

Effect of plant density in coupled aquaponics on the welfare status of African catfish,Clarias gariepinus

We investigated the effects of plant density on the welfare of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, in coupled aquaponics over 85 days. The moderate density (mpd) of basil, Ocimum basilicum, was compared with the high density (hpd) and control (n = 0). The behavior was analyzed by visual and video observations, and after the application of induced stressors, skin injuries, blood glucose, lactate, and plasma cortisol responses were considered. The hpd fish showed the least activity (control: visual 77.8%, video 81.6%; mpd: 74.6%, 82.6%; hpd: 63.2% [p < 0.05], 78.8%). High agonistic behavior (control: 5, 131; mpd: 4, 57; hpd: 1, 45) and the highest number of injuries (control: 3.9; mpd: 2.9; hpd: 3.4) were observed in the control. Glucose and lactate levels did not differ significantly (control: 5.5, 2.6 mmol/L; mpd: 5.6, 2.7 mmol/L; hpd: 5.3, 2.6 mmol/L); however, cortisol levels did (control: 18.8 ng/mL, mpd: 19.9 ng/mL, hpd: 25.8 ng/mL). pH adjustment led to additional stress, resulting in temporal cortisol alterations. While in the control and mpd, low cortisol levels were followed by acute responses and downregulation, the hpd fish showed prior elevation and lagged an acute response. However, comparing injuries and behavioral patterns with control, aquaponics with high basil density influenced African catfish positively.     

注射多巴胺对中华绒螯蟹打斗行为的影响

选同一家系规格相似、健康有活力的中华绒螯蟹新品种“光合1号”1龄雄蟹100只,分为4组,放入直径20 cm、高40 cm PE管(底部均匀钻12个直径为5 mm的孔洞)中,PE管置于120 L水槽中。用2个不透明烧杯将2只中华绒螯蟹分别倒扣于试验容器中,置于PE管两侧1 h。在中华绒螯蟹第三步足的动脉膜中分别注射20μL生理盐水(对照组),10^-8 mol、10-7 mol和10-6 mol的多巴胺液,利用闭路摄像头记录4 h内2只中华绒螯蟹打斗时长、次数、打斗分数及胜负关系等指标。打斗结束后,迅速取出中华绒螯蟹血淋巴,用ELISA酶联免疫法测定多巴胺含量。试验结果显示,对照组中华绒鳌蟹打斗时间最长,与各注射组差异显著(P<0.05);注射组中,随注射量的增加,打斗时长下降。对照组中华绒螯蟹打斗强度低于10^-8 mol组,高于其他注射组,与各注射组间差异显著(P<0.05)。注射组中,随注射多巴胺量升高,打斗强度下降,10^-8 mol组打斗强度最高,各组间差异显著(P<0.05)。对照组打斗次数与10-7 mol组差异不显著(P>0.05),与其余各组差异显著(P<0.05)。注射组中,随注射量的增加,打斗次数下降,10^-8 mol组与其余各组差异显著(P<0.05),10-7 mol组与10-6 mol组差异不显著(P>0.05)。打斗结束后,胜利方体内多巴胺含量与正常水平差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于失败方(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,注射多巴胺极显著影响中华绒螯蟹打斗行为(P<0.01),随多巴胺注射量的升高,中华绒螯蟹打斗行为整体下降。