美国森林火灾扑救中的航空技术应用与启示

航空技术是当今森林火灾扑救中最为高效的现代化技术,是实现林火“打早,打小,打了”最有力的工具。我国已在多个地区建立了航空护林中心,并逐年加大航空技术在林火扑救中的应用力度;但还无法完全满足我国林火扑救的实际需要,仍具有较大的发展空间。美国航空扑救发展历史久远,现有的林火扑救体系以航空扑救为主,处于国际领先水平。文中从航空器选型、航空扑救技术、航空安全保障体系等方面对美国航空扑救的最新技术及动态进行归纳总结,并结合我国实际情况提出了相关建议,以期探究现代航空扑救技术的走向,为相关研究与政策制定提供参考。     

部分国家的政府农业科技投入政策分析

对美国、英国、日本、法国等国家近年来的政府农业科技投入政策进行了调查与分析,在此基础上总结了这些国家政府通过国家财政投入政策支持农业科技创新的共性特征。     

Investigations on live vaccines against infectious bursal disease of chicks

Summary

Four live virus vaccines against Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) were studied with regard to their safety, immune response and applicability. None of the vaccines caused clinical symptoms or had an adverse impact on bodyweight. Differences between these vaccins were observed in their effect on the Bursa/ Bodyweight Ratio and the severity of the microscopical lesions of the bursa Fabricii. The immunosuppressive effect of IBD vaccination at one day of age on the response to Newcastle disease vaccine applied was rather low.

Three of the four vaccines induced antibodies associated with protection against challenge. Vaccination of SPF rearing chickens by drinking water at an age of 15 weeks produced an antibody response (Agar Gel Precipitin Test) whereas at an age of 23, 32 and 60 weeks it did not. Chickens of all age groups responded serologically to an intramusculair vaccination.

A correlation was found between the immunological response and the effect of the vaccines on the bursa Fabricii.     

路邦EN-1固化剂稳定土路用性能试验

针对齐齐哈尔地区典型黏土,用美国路邦EN-1固化剂进行加固.首先,进行了固化剂加固土材料的最佳配合比的试验研究,并通过无侧限抗压强度试验确定固化剂稳定土的最佳石灰用量为5%.在此基础上对5%石灰固化剂稳定土和9%石灰稳定土进行室内干缩和温缩试验,得出其干缩系数和温缩系数的变化规律,结果表明5%石灰固化剂稳定土的干缩和温缩性能均优于9%石灰稳定土.经济分析表明,在该地区的县乡公路基层中采用路邦EN-1固化剂稳定土具有非常显著的经济效益.     

美国食品工业近10年的发展状况研究

主要研究了美国食品工业近10年的发展状况,包括美国食品工业总量、主要食品工业产品产量,不同规模企业分布在过去10年中的变迁,并着重探讨了研究开发投入对于食品工业发展的影响,试图从美国食品工业发展历程中提炼出行业发展特点,为我国食品工业未来发展提供可能的借鉴。     

Diversity and abundance of selected animal species in undisturbed forest,selectively logged forest and plantations in East Kalimantan,Indonesia

Animal surveys were conducted in six habitat types within the timber concession of PT International Timber Corporation Indonesia, East Kalimantan. Species diversity was found to be similar in undisturbed forest and in 3- to 5-year-old selectively logged forest, although densities in the latter were considerably less. Both diversity and density declined drastically in forestry plantations, but certain of the species remaining caused significant damage to young trees. Although few animals were observed in areas where there was active road construction and timber felling, their densities in adjacent undisturbed forest areas did not increase, suggesting that the level of local migration actually is low. It is suggested that recolonisation of old logged forest can occur successfully provide that the level of hunting is low and that adjacent areas of undisturbed forest remain to provide a population pool from which colonists can spread.     

美国土壤熏蒸剂使用风险管理措施

概述了美国土壤熏蒸剂登记和应用情况,介绍了美国为降低土壤熏蒸剂使用风险所采取的措施。结合我国土壤熏蒸剂登记及使用实际,提出了加强我国农药使用管理、降低使用风险的措施。     

美国EPA登记的生物农药有效成分名录

本文列出了截止2009年4月1日。美国环保局农药项目办公室公布登记的319种生物农药有效成分名单。     

美国林化产品出口贸易动态分析

对美国近年来(1994～1999)的主要林化产品出口贸易量进行了分析,发现美国林化产品出口贸易额波动较大,脂松香、松节油类及其深加工产品的贸易额在稳步上升,而萜烯油类等产品贸易量在下降。同时,分析了影响美国林化产品贸易量变化的因素,提出了我国林化企业调整产品结构,扩大国际市场份额的发展方向。     

美国Kokomo市公园和游憩部专员访谈录及启示

作者于2010年8月9-11日对美国印第安纳州Kokomo市公园和游憩部4位专员进行了访谈,内容涉及公园和游憩部的组织机构、公园和游憩总体规划的内容和实施、公园设计、公园管理以及游憩规划专项设置,对公园和游憩部的职能进行了总结,探讨了其对我国相关机构的启示。