烤烟总氮分布特点及与其他化学成分的关系

以川渝中烟库存的2000~2005年的320份烤烟为材料,研究了烤烟总氮含量在不同产区、不同年份和不同部位的分布特点及与其他化学成分的关系。结果表明:(1)烤烟总氮含量存在广泛变异,在产区和部位间的差异达到显著水平,在年份间差异不显著;烤烟总氮含量以重庆、江西、福建和云南较高,以黑龙江和内蒙古较低。(2)基于总氮含量进行聚类分析,相应统计了各类样品其他化学成分的表现。在总氮含量较高的类群中,蛋白质和醚提物含量均较高,纤维素含量中等,总糖、还原糖、淀粉和果胶含量较低;在总氮含量较低的类群中,蛋白质和醚提物含量较低,而总糖、还原糖、淀粉、果胶和纤维素含量较高。(3)总氮含量与其他化学成分的相关情况因产区、年份和部位而异,除内蒙古、黑龙江、广东和贵州外,其他地区总氮含量与还原糖、总糖含量均呈显著负相关。     

亲水胶体和玉米变性淀粉对低脂鸡肉肠的影响

将卡拉胶、魔芋胶和玉米变性淀粉添加到低脂鸡肉肠中,按三因素三水平的正交试验表添加,研究其对鸡肉肠汁液损失(TEF)、产率、硬度和弹性的影响。结果表明:卡拉胶对鸡肉肠TEF影响极显著(P<0.01),对鸡肉肠硬度和弹性有显著影响(P<0.05);魔芋胶对鸡肉肠产率和硬度影响极显著(P<0.01),对鸡肉肠弹性影响显著(P<0.05);玉米变性淀粉对鸡肉肠TEF、硬度和弹性影响极显著(P<0.01),对产率影响显著(P<0.05)。感官评定结果与鸡肉肠的TEF呈极显著性正相关(P<0.01,r=0.692)。结合感官评定结果和鸡肉肠TEF结果,得出低脂鸡肉肠的优化结果:添加卡拉胶0.5%、魔芋胶0.5%、玉米变性淀粉12%。     

大孔树脂D_(101)富集番石榴叶中总黄酮的研究

利用RP-HPLC法检测番石榴叶中的总黄酮,以静态吸附率,动态洗脱率,富集后总黄酮纯度及富集倍数为指标考察大孔树脂D101对总黄酮的富集能力。结果表明,大孔树脂D101在55min内可吸附提取液中95％以上的总黄酮,动态洗脱可将98％的黄酮类物质洗脱下来,纯度可达84.49％,富集倍数达1.66倍。     

焦作西部高硫酸盐岩溶水的水质特征与成因模拟分析

利用矿井水对模拟石灰岩地层进行淋滤试验,研究淋滤水SO4^2-含量、矿化度、总硬度和pH值的变化规律,分析焦作西部高硫酸盐溶水的成因。结果表明,矿井水在入渗过程中,通过运移、吸附转化等水岩作用对地下水产生污染。     

荧光分析法测定野生葎草叶中总黄酮的含量

[目的]建立荧光分光光度法测定襻草中总黄酮含量的方法。[方法]用75％乙醇印℃超声提取荐草叶的有效成分,以芦丁为标样,选择410和534nm为激发波长和发射波长,研究溶剂、pH值及静置时间对荧光强度的影响。[结果]最佳测定条件为：10％Al（NO3）3溶液的加入量以4ml为宜,加入pH值为4．1的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液2．5ml,60％乙醇作溶剂,溶液静置时间以25min为宜,用该法检出的野生律草叶中的总黄酮含量达52．98mg／g,检出限达9．43×10^-7mol／L。荧光强度与芦丁浓度在1．55×10^-6～1．31×10^-5mol／L内具有良好的线性关系,其回归方程为y=2．816x＋0．291,相关系数r为0．9966。平均回收率为100．5％,RSD为0．54％。[结论]用荧光分光光度法测定律草叶中总黄酮含量的精密度和准确度较高,且操作简便,成本低。     

紫外分光光度法测定甘草中总黄酮的含量

以甘草苷为对照品,用紫外分光光度法测定不同产地甘草中总黄酮的含量。结果表明,新疆巴楚产甘草总黄酮含量最高（5．62％）,宁夏盐池产甘草总黄酮含量最低（3．89％）;甘草总黄酮的线性检测范围为0．524～13．100μg／ml,平均回收率为100．65％,RSD为2．24％（n=6）。     

药用长春花生长动态研究

[目的]为长春花的规范化生产提供理论依据。[方法]采用随机区组设计,测定长春花的农艺性状和总生物碱含量的动态变化。[结果]长春花农艺性状的动态变化呈现类抛物线型增长。其中株高和一级侧枝数目在4月中下旬就进入快速增长期,株高增速可达11.9cm/10 d,一级侧枝数目增速可达6.4条/10 d;而地径、叶片数目和干、鲜重则于5月下旬或6月上旬进入快速增长期,地径、叶片数目和干、鲜重最快增速分别为1.17cm/10 d、24片/10 d和2.27、15.30 g/10 d。总生物碱含量于6月中旬进入快速增长期,增速可达1.70mg/10 d。[结论]长春花农艺性状都呈现类抛物线型变化,表现为"前期增加缓慢-中期迅速增加-后期缓慢增加"的趋势,总生物碱含量则呈现前期缓慢增长,到6月中下旬进入快速增长期的趋势。     

数控机床故障分布的灰关联分析法

考虑截尾时间对数控机床可靠性的影响 ,提出引入故障总时间法计算故障时间。针对一批数据同时符合多种分布这一问题 ,提出采用灰关联分析方法计算试验数据与参考分布的关联度 ,根据关联度的大小 ,确定故障的最优分布模型。以 4台数控机床的现场截尾数据为例介绍运算过程 ,应用表明该方法简便易行 ,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

苹果属RNA高效快速提取新方法

研究开发了一种新的适用于苹果属组培苗总RNA快速、高效地提取方法。采用此方法可以在3~4 h内得到 质量高、产量大、完整性好、无DNA污染的苹果组培苗的总RNA。     

The effect of protein-feeding strategy during lactation on performance of primiparous dairy cows fed total mixed ration

Fifty primiparous Finnish Ayrshire cows were used in 2×2 factorial study. The factors were the protein-feeding strategy: constant (cCP) or variable (vCP) protein content in concentrate during lactation and the use of a commercial health product from 2 weeks pre- to 8 weeks postpartum. On treatment cCP, the CP content of the concentrate was 180 g/kg in dry matter (DM) throughout the lactation, and on vCP treatment, the CP content was 210, 180 and 150 g/kg DM during lactation days 0-100, 101-200 and 201-305, respectively. The concentrate blends included barley, oats, rapeseed meal, molassed sugar beet pulp and minerals and vitamins. Grass silage and ensiled wet sugar beet pulp (100 g/kg DM in TMR) were used as forage. The forage-to-concentrate ratio in TMR was 55:45 on both treatments. The experimental period was 305 days of the first lactation.The average daily milk yield (cCP: 26.3 kg/day vs. vCP: 27.5 kg/day) was higher (P<0.05) when feeding concentrate with decreasing protein content, but the effect was not seen in an energy-corrected milk (cCP: 28.1 kg/day vs. vCP: 29.0 kg/day). Milk composition was not affected by the protein-feeding strategy. Protein-feeding strategy had no effect on DM intake (cCP: 18.5 kg/day vs. vCP: 18.9 kg/day). The efficiency of CP utilization (milk protein/CP intake) was higher (0.327 vs. 0.301; P<0.05) on vCP treatment during the last 100 days of lactation, but during the first 200 days of lactation, no significant difference was found. The average efficiency of CP utilization throughout the lactation was 0.32 with no difference between treatments. The protein-feeding strategy had no effect on the development of body condition scores of the cows. In mid-lactation, the cows on cCP treatment gained more weight than the cows on vCP treatment. The health product had no significant effect on production or feed intake. The results suggest that only small benefits can be obtained from feeding TMR to primiparous cows differing in CP content at various stages of lactation.