铰接式车辆横向一级倾翻轴的准确位置

通过对铰接式车辆横向一级失稳过程的推导，求得了横向一级倾翻轴的准确位置，它低于过去传统计算方法中的横向一级倾翻轴，本文的理论分析结论不仅可用于分析稳定性，还对设计时铰接点的布置、摆动轴的高低等总体布局具有参考价值。     

Suitability of Multi-Agent Simulations to study irrigated system viability: application to case studies in the Senegal River Valley

It is assumed that Agent-Based Modeling is a useful technique for water management issues. In particular, it may provide a suitable framework for representing irrigated systems. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate its potential for a specific use: research on irrigated systems’ viability in the Senegal River Valley. The main assumption to be verified is that Multi-Agent Systems constitute a suitable architecture to study theoretically irrigated systems’ viability using simulations. By using Multi-Agent Systems, virtual irrigated systems can be designed that might then be used as virtual laboratories. These virtual labs constitute an alternative when real labs cannot exist for some reason.

In this paper we report on experiments we have conducted using such virtual labs for exploring an Agent-Based Model through the simulation of scenarios. A scenario is defined as a triplet: an environment, a set of individual rules, a set of collective rules. It is evaluated according to the longevity of the irrigated system. An index is defined, based on the ratio of long-enduring simulations among a set of repetitions of a given scenario. Even if simulation results display significant diversity for a given scenario due to random factors in the processes simulated, the ratio of long-enduring simulations is repeatable. This entails to explore the overall behavior of the virtual irrigated system and to build theories concerning the viability of Senegalese irrigated systems. An example is given showing the need for strong coherence for a given environment among individual rules and collective rules.     

Adopters,testers or pseudo-adopters? Dynamics of the use of improved tree fallows by farmers in western Kenya

Although there has been increasing research on the adoption of agroforestry technologies over the last decade, few such studies have assessed uptake over a long period and many are based on a single snapshot in time. Furthermore, most of these studies have mainly looked at non-adopters and adopters: only recently have social scientists considered testers. A further category of users neglected in adoption studies has been re-adopters of technologies. Studying this group provides an interesting and more nuanced understanding of adoption and re-adoption. Methodologically, most adoption studies use quantitative methods and fail to link their findings to wider socio-economic, political and institutional settings. This paper presents a study of the dynamics of improved tree fallow use by farmers in Siaya and Vihiga districts of western Kenya over a period of eight years. It uses both qualitative and quantitative data to critically discuss the motivations of adopters, testers/rejecters and re-adopters. The results show that the process of adoption is highly dynamic and variable with farmers planting improved fallows and discontinuing or re-adopting them due to a whole range of factors, of which soil fertility improvement is just one. These factors included incentives from projects, the tying of adoption to credit programmes, prestige, participation in seminars/tours and the availability of a seed market from projects promoting improved fallows. Farmers planting improved fallows for such reasons may be termed ‘pseudo-adopters’. There were significant differences in adoption between the two districts, with more farmers in Siaya planting improved fallows than in Vihiga. A majority of farmers in Vihiga (53%) who were given seed never planted improved fallows, even though they had been exposed to the technology. Some 40% of farmers in Siaya and 38% in Vihiga planted improved fallows but later rejected them. This has some important implications for research and development. For improved fallow technologies to be attractive to farmers, they must provide other tangible economic benefits besides soil fertility improvement. This presents a challenge to researchers who must better attune themselves to the needs and demands of farmers if they wish to see their research findings widely adopted.     

遗传算法在离心泵叶片优化设计中的应用

对遗传算法在流体机械优化设计中的应用现状作了较为全面的总结；提出了将遗传算法应用于离心泵叶片优化设计中，分析了遗传算法在离心泵优化设计中应用的可行性以及存在的问题；对离心泵优化设计的发展提出了一些新建议和尝试。     

远红外干燥香菇及苹果的机理研究

利用远红外与热风对流干燥试验箱对香菇、苹果作了干燥机理方面的试验,找出了远红外干燥香菇比热风干燥快和节省能耗的原因及远红外对苹果的穿透能力和远红外不宜干燥粗大物料的原因,对两种干燥方式的干燥速度作了理论分析。     

平面弹性欠驱动并联机构刚度特性分析

根据多维运动模拟的需求,提出一种包含螺旋圆弹簧(圆柱形螺旋弹簧)的欠驱动运动模拟台。利用螺旋圆弹簧的轴向和横向刚度约束运动模拟台的工作空间,通过两个驱动分支和动力耦合实现其3个自由度的运动。将螺旋圆弹簧等效为RePeRe弹性运动支链,进而将并联运动模拟台等效为2RPR/2RePeRe弹性欠驱动机构,并利用Grassmann线几何分析该机构的输入选取原则。基于旋量及其迁移公式,建立等效机构的运动学模型。借助于影响系数和虚功原理,对该弹性欠驱动机构进行静力学分析,得到其静力学约束方程。最后,建立了该机构的连续非线性柔度模型,并以此为基础得到其方向刚度模型。     

基于分解机制的多目标蝙蝠算法

在分析蝙蝠算法性能基础上,将蝙蝠算法融入分解机制,提出了一种基于分解机制的多目标蝙蝠算法。为了进一步提高算法的多样性,将差分进化策略引入算法中。对14个具有复杂Pareto前沿的多目标优化问题(LZ-09系列和ZDT系列)测试不同邻域规模对算法性能的影响,结果表明新算法的邻域规模为20时性能最优;将其与MOEA/D-DE和NSGA-II算法进行对比分析,结果显示该算法的分布性、收敛性和多样性均优于另外两种算法。为了验证其求解含有约束问题的性能,将其应用于滑动轴承多目标优化设计问题中,获得的Pareto前沿分布均匀,表明算法具有工程实用性,是求解复杂高维多目标问题的有效方法。     

打结器割绳脱扣机构磨损分析与改进设计

针对打结器割绳脱扣机构盘形凸轮内轮廓磨损严重的问题,提出以凸轮理论廓面的等距圆弧面代替现有柱面轮廓的解决方案,即将凸面-凸面和凸面-平面的点接触改进为凸面-凹面的弧点接触;计算得到改进后凸轮轮廓的曲面方程,以及改进前后滚子与凸轮的压力角、初始接触面积和初始最大接触应力;最后,用硬铝合金材料试制改进前和改进后的凸轮,进行磨损对比试验,并定量分析其磨损量。结果表明:改进后滚子与凸轮的压力角在推程开始和接近结束阶段比改进前减小25%左右;改进后滚子与凸轮的初始接触面积比改进前增大约50%,初始最大接触应力减小约38%;各运转10 h后,改进后盘形凸轮内轮廓的磨损痕迹宽度比改进前增加31.7%,磨损量减小约50%。     

基于改进蚁群算法的3-PPR并联机构位置正解研究

针对3-PPR并联机构位置正解问题,运用螺旋理论计算其自由度,并分析其运动特性,同时通过解析法构建该并联机构的完整运动学逆解。将并联机构运动学正解问题的求解转化为对目标函数优化问题的求解,并基于此建立该并联机构正解的目标函数优化模型。通过对基本蚁群算法进行有效的改进,构建了可用于求解连续优化问题的改进蚁群算法。运用该算法求解3-PPR并联机构的运动学正解并进行Matlab仿真分析,对比传统数值方法和改进蚁群算法,证实该算法具有良好的全局寻优能力,并能避免初值和局部最优值对计算结果的影响,可有效应用于求解并联机构的位置正解问题。     

喷头水量分布信息传感测试机理分

针对传统喷头水量分布特性测试手段落后的问题，研究了喷头水量分布特性自动测试的关键技术，并根据水量测试原理，建立了水量信息传感器的转换模型，实现了水量信息从模拟量到数字量的一步转换。采用基于分布式总线技术的水量信息采集方案，设计了喷头水量分布特性自动测试系统，使水量分布信息和其他测试数据快速直观地显示在计算机屏幕上，并可打印输出，提高了喷头性能测试的工作效率和水平，对新型喷头的试验研究提供了可靠数据和分析手段。