Bearing properties of engineered wood products I: effects of dowel diameter and loading direction

The embedment tests of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) with two moduli of elasticity (MOE; 7.8 GPa and 9.8GPa), parallel strand lumber (PSL), and laminated strand lumber (LSL) were conducted in accordance with ASTM-D 5764. The load-embedment relation for each of these engineered wood products (EWPs) was established. The directional characteristics of bearing strength (_e), initial stiffness (k _e), and effective elastic foundation depth were obtained from the tested results. The effective elastic foundation depth (=E/k _e,E = MOE), based on the theory of a beam on elastic foundation, was obtained from thek _e and MOE. An of 90° (perpendicular to the grain) was calculated by dividingE ₉₀ [MOE of 90° from the compression test, but MOE of 0° (E ₀), parallel to the grain, obtained from the bending test] byk _e90, the initial stiffness of 90°. This study aimed to obtain the bearing characteristics of each EWP, taking into consideration their anisotropic structures, for estimating the fastening strength of a dowel-type fastener. The relations between the bearing coefficients ( _e,k _e,) on the loading direction and dowel diameter were established from the load-embedment curves. Based on the results of the embedment test, tested EWPs showed different tendencies in all directions from wood and glued laminated timber.Part of this study was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999     

基于C语言的结构用集成材木梁抗弯刚度模型研究

基于平行轴定理,采用变换截面法建立结构用集成材木梁的抗弯刚度C语言可执行程序模型,并通过足尺木梁的抗弯力学性能试验验证模型的有效性。本试验根据木材抗弯弹性模量测定方法国家标准（GB/T 1936.2—2009）中的相关要求,测定层板木材的抗弯弹性模量并将其导入C语言程序模型,得到梁体抗弯刚度的模型理论值。依据结构用集成材国家标准（GB/T 26899—2011）对木梁进行四点抗弯测试并实时采集梁体跨中挠度、荷载数据,得到梁体抗弯刚度的实测值。对比梁体抗弯刚度的模型理论值与实测值,得出其平均相对误差率为3.89%。结构用集成材木梁抗弯刚度模型的建立应充分考虑梁体自身的构造缺陷,以综合层板的力学性能变异性及尺寸效应等影响因素,合理引入修正系数,提高模型的准确度与适用性。     

6种公路常绿植物叶面特性对滞尘效果的影响研究

通过选择6种具有代表性的道路常绿植物,应用接触角测定仪测定了不同树种叶片的接触角,通过扫描电镜观察比较了6种常绿植物的叶表面形态结构,分析其对滞尘能力的影响。试验结果表明常绿植物叶片正面接触角越大,滞尘能力越小;表面叶孔越多,粗糙度越大,滞尘能力越强。研究成果可为城市绿化树种的选择提供基础依据。     

考虑输出刚度不确定性的柔顺机构拓扑优化设计

为了降低机构性能对输出刚度不确定因素的敏感程度,提出一种考虑输出刚度不确定性的柔顺机构拓扑优化设计方法。采用区间模型描述输出刚度的不确定性,利用多项式混沌展开式(Polynomial chaos expansion, PCE)和Smolyak稀疏网格积分法计算随机响应统计矩,以机构输出位移的期望值最大化和标准差最小化为目标函数,以机构结构体积为约束,建立考虑输出刚度不确定性的柔顺机构稳健性拓扑优化模型,采用移动渐近线优化算法更新设计变量。夹持器和咬合机构数值算例验证提出设计方法的有效性,与确定性拓扑优化结果比较,稳健性拓扑优化设计获得的柔顺机构构型有所不同,机构的输出位移标准差减小,有效地降低机构对输出刚度不确定性的敏感程度。随着加权系数增大,获得的柔顺机构输出位移标准差和期望值减小。随着不确定输出刚度幅值增大,获得的柔顺机构输出位移标准差增大,并且输出位移期望值有所减小。     

基于接触摩擦特性的清管器清洁能力评价方法

基于三维有限元数值模拟方法,从密封元件的接触摩擦特性出发,创新性地提出一种清管器清洁能力评价方法。利用ANSYS软件建立两种常见形式的清管器在水平直管内运行的三维有限元模型,并通过现场试验对其准确性进行验证。通过分析计算结果,分别对不同摩擦工况下的两种清管器的清洁能力进行对比。研究结果表明:接触摩擦因数对清管器在运行过程中的密封紧密度、切向刮擦力、有效清洁面积均存在影响,随着摩擦因数的增加,清管器密封元件的切向刮擦力增大,而接触紧密度和接触面积减小。在相同摩擦工况下,当密封元件材料和过盈量相同时,直板型清管器的密封紧密度和刮擦力均优于皮碗型清管器;然而在运行相同距离的情况下,皮碗型清管器所能产生的有效清洁面积大于直板型清管器。根据待清洁管道内的杂质类型来合理选择清管器种类可以有效发挥其清洁能力,提高清洁效率。     

ACM焊点类型对有限元结构刚度的影响分析

针对在白车身等复杂的焊接结构进行有限元分析过程中,不同焊点的模拟方法对结构的弯曲刚度和扭转刚度影响较大的问题,本文通过对ACM焊点进行研究,得出其对有限元分析过程中弯曲刚度和扭转刚度的影响。     

Transwell contact co-culture promotes growth and differentiation of single-dissociated iPSCs

AIM：To investigate the promoting role of Transwell contact co-culture system in the growth and differentiation of single-dissociated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). METHODS：Bovine corneal endothelial cells (CECs) at passage 1~2 (P1~2) were seeded on the underside of Transwell inserts placed into culture plates and were cultured in 37 ℃ and 5% CO2 for 8 h. Accutase digestion and 40 μm filter process disaggregated colony-aggregated iPSCs into single-dissociated iPSCs, and the cells were seeded on the inside of Transwell inserts with CECs in medium of mTeSR1 for 3 d and then in low-glucose DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS for 2 weeks. The characteristics and differentiation markers were evaluated by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunofluorescence staining, live & dead cell staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. The group of iPSCs cultured in conventional medium was used as control group 1. The group of single-dissociated iPSCs co-cultured with CECs was set as experimental group, while single-dissociated iPSCs without co-culture were as control group 2. RESULTS：The bovine CECs showed typical hexagonal cobblestone shape. iPSCs showed colony-like growth, while became single-dissociated cells after Transwell contact co-culture with bovine CECs for 3 d. The single-dissociated iPSCs positively expressed the undifferentiated markers, Nanog and Oct4. The mRNA expression levels of Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2 between experimental group and control group 1 were both positive and had no statistical significance difference (P>0.05). The dead cells in experimental group decreased significantly, and there was statistically significant difference compared to control group 2 (P<0.01). After 14 d of induced differentiation co-culture, the single-dissociated iPSCs showed rather uniform polygonal morphology, increased dimension and no obvious colony existence. Negative ALP staining, positive immunofluorescence staining for ZO-1, AQP1 and CD31, and negative for CD34 and CD133 were also observed. The results of qPCR showed that the mRNA expression of Oct4, Nanog and Sox2 significantly decreased, and had statistically significant difference compared with control group 1 (P<0.01). CONCLUSION：When co-cultured with bovine CECs, iPSCs morphologically changed to endothelial-like cells and expressed some markers of CECs. Transwell contact co-culture system not only enhances the growth of single-dissociated iPSCs, but also promotes their differentiation.     

“C”型平面高层结构设计分析与调整措施探讨

为研究平面凹凸特别不规则以及结构扭转、楼层抗剪承载力一般性不规则结构的受力性能,采用PKPM-SATWE软件建立模型并进行计算分析.结果表明,结构楼层质量分布均匀,结构刚度分布合理,不存在薄弱层,结构剪重比满足规范要求,在规定风荷载（100a一遇）及地震作用下存在一定超出规范一般限值要求项,但均满足较为严格的规定要求;为降低平面不规则给结构所带来的不利影响,可采取提高框架柱抗震等级、增加楼板配筋和增加结构薄弱层剪力墙及框架柱的配筋三种措施进行调整.     

往复泵吸入特性的流体力学数值模拟

为了研究往复泵在吸入过程中流体的动力特性及相关参数对吸入特性的影响,对往复泵的吸入过程进行计算流体动力学的数值模拟。在吸入过程中,根据阿道尔夫泵阀运动微分方程和活塞运动引起的泵腔内流场变化确定泵阀的运动,同时运用动网格生成技术更新了不同曲柄转角下的计算模型。通过数值计算,得到了往复泵的瞬时吸入流量、柱塞端面上的压力分布,并研究了冲次、弹簧刚度对吸入阀迟滞关闭现象的影响。结果表明,流体的压缩性和惯性导致瞬时流量小于理论值,吸液量是理论值的0.91倍,往复泵的冲次从100/min增大到330/min时,吸入阀