Tracking the structural and functional development of a perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium L.) infestation using a multi-year archive of webcam imagery and eddy covariance measurements

The continued spread of invasive weeds is threatening ecosystem health throughout North America. Understanding the relationships between invasive weeds’ key phenological phases and structural and/or functional canopy development is an essential step for making informed decisions regarding their management. We analyzed a three-year image archive obtained from an inexpensive webcam overlooking a perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium L.) infestation in California to explore the ability of red (R)-green (G)-blue (B) color space information to track the structural and functional development of the pepperweed. We characterized structural and functional canopy development through surface roughness length (z_0m; a proxy for canopy height and leaf area index) and canopy photosynthesis (F_A), respectively, both of which we derived from eddy covariance measurements. Here we demonstrate the use of cross-correlation functions to determine the temporal lags between chromatic coordinates and two color indices, all calculated from RGB brightness levels, with z_0m and F_A. We found that these color metrics fail to represent the structural and/or functional state of the canopy. In contrast, relative luminance (CIE Y) appears to be a better indicator for z_0m and especially for F_A. We calculated CIE Y from pepperweed RGB brightness levels in relation to hypothetical horizontal reference RGB brightness levels. We obtained the latter by applying the ratio between horizontally measured and hypothetical incoming solar radiation on a vertical surface to RGB brightness levels of a vertically oriented reference of invariant light-grey color. We conclude that webcam image archives may provide an inexpensive tool for making informed decisions regarding the timing but not for assessing the effectiveness of invasive plant control measures such as mowing.     

使用摄录一体机制作教学片

资金短缺、设备不全的单位制作电视教学片是件很困难的事。利用摄录一体机的简单编辑功能 ,结合多年实践经验 ,介绍使用摄录一体机制作教学录像片的技巧和方法。     

A dual-spectral camera system for paddy rice seedling row detection

A new method is presented for detecting rows of rice seedlings to facilitate the navigation of rice transplanters. Generally, an independent NIR or RGB camera is used as a vision sensor for agricultural vehicles; however, strong reflections on the water surface make row detection more difficult in flooded paddy fields compared to dry fields. To solve this problem, we developed a dual-spectral camera system that consists of a pair of low-cost monochrome cameras with optical filters. Different wavelength images of the same location can be taken simultaneously in real-time. An experiment conducted under cloudy conditions showed that this system could reduce water surface noise and clearly detect seedling rows.     

基于自适应阈值ORB特征提取的果园双目稠密地图构建

针对果园阴暗光照条件下图像特征点匹配数量少、易丢失以及点云稀疏问题,对ORB-SLAM2算法进行了改进,提出了基于自适应阈值ORB特征点提取的果园双目三维地图稠密建图算法。首先在跟踪线程中提出一种自适应阈值的FAST角点提取方法,通过计算不同光照下图像平均像素求解阈值,对左右目图像提取ORB特征,增加了不同光照条件下的特征点匹配数量;然后根据特征点估计相机位姿完成局部地图跟踪,对跟踪线程产生的关键帧地图点进行BA优化完成局部地图构建。在原有算法基础上添加了基于ZED-stereo型相机双目深度融合的稠密建图模块,对左右目关键帧进行特征匹配获得图像对,利用图像对求解深度信息获取地图点,经过深度优化获取相机位姿,根据相机位姿进行局部点云的构建与拼接,最终对获得的点云地图进行全局BA优化,构建果园三维稠密地图。在KITTI数据集序列上进行测试,本文所改进的ORB-SLAM2算法的绝对轨迹误差更加收敛,轨迹误差标准差在00和07序列分别下降60.5%和62.6%,在其他序列上也有不同程度下降,表明本文算法定位精度较原始算法有所提高。不同光照环境下进行算法性能测试,结果表明本文算法较原始算法能更好地适应不同光照条件,在较强光照、正常光照、偏弱光照和阴雨天气下特征点平均匹配数量增加5.32%、4.53%、8.93%、12.91%。进行果园直线和稠密建图试验,结果表明直线行驶偏航角更加收敛,定位精确度高,关键帧提取数量较原始算法下降2.86%、平均跟踪时间减少39.3%;稠密建图效果好,能够很好地反映机器人位姿和果园真实环境信息,满足果园三维稠密点云地图构建需求,可为果园机器人导航路径规划提供支持。     

四川自然保护红外相机数据管理系统的研发及其应用

通过红外相机监测可以获得海量的野生动物影像数据.然而,许多自然保护地在红外相机数据管理方面依旧面临红外数据海量、存储方式原始、缺乏数据技术、数据挖掘空白等困境.如何科学存储和管理海量的红外相机影像数据,专业高效完成数据鉴定和科学分析并运用于管理和科研,已成为红外相机监测工作中的重大难题.基于以上问题,利用四川自然保护红...     

Successful Treatment of Disseminated Nocardiosis Caused by Nocardia veterana in a Dog

A 5‐year‐old male castrated Lhasa Apso cross was evaluated for a 1‐month history of inappetence, lethargy, gagging, and progressive right thoracic limb lameness. Synovial fluid analysis revealed nonseptic suppurative inflammation, and a diagnosis of immune‐mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) was made. After 3 months of treatment with prednisone and later cyclosporine, the dog developed multiple firm cutaneous and subcutaneous masses and a focal mass within the jejunum. Cultures of blood, urine, skin lesions, and the jejunal mass identified Nocardia veterana by matrix‐absorption laser desorption ionization‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) and allowed for earlier identification of the organism compared to more traditional secA1 gene sequencing. Immunosuppressive drug treatment was discontinued, and the dog was treated for 3 months by administration of trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMS). No recurrence of clinical signs was reported 1 year later. This case report highlights the clinical utility of MALDI‐TOF MS, particularly for the rapid identification of slow‐growing, fastidious organisms.     

基于CAN总线技术的客车远程监测系统设计

为保障营运车辆安全运行,提高运营企业的管理水平,避免财产损失和灾难性事故的发生,本设计整合了MC9S12DG128B微控制器及DS-8104HM-M嵌入式车载录像机,采用CAN总线技术及3G无线通信技术等,开发了营运客车运行状态远程监测系统。通过系统研究和多次试验表明:该系统能实时采集并上传CAN总线信息和视频数据流,监控管理平台可实时监测到营车辆状态参数及车内影像,完成了预期的各项功能。     

Digital imaging as a tool to study the structure of porous baked foods

Processing of images captured by a digital camera showed to be useful in studying the microstructure (porosity characteristics and fractal dimension) of leavened baked products. Five different samples were baked including a control and 4 other samples in which wheat flour was partially replaced with other plant flours. Pasting temperature (°C) ranged from 72.94 to 76.25 with chickpea flour showing the highest value. The sample containing amaranth flour presented high porosity (8.23%) with high number of large pores. Whereas, the number of pores was highest for teff flour with 209 pores. This is an indication of weak potential of amaranth flour in stabilizing gas cells. The fractal dimension ranged from 1.644 to 1.683, where amaranth flour showed the lowest fractal dimension. The pore characteristics evaluation, pore size distribution, number of pores, mean area and largest area of pores were influenced when gluten was reduced. Processed images proved that coalescence can be a cause of large pore development when gluten is partially removed.     

基于红外相机技术的广东曲江沙溪省级自然保护区兽类资源分析

2019年7月,使用网格法布设了11台红外相机首次对广东曲江沙溪省级自然保护区大中型兽类资源进行了调查研究,调查累计102天,累计回收1 123个相机工作日的数据,共拍摄到兽类独立有效照片数103张,鉴定出兽类3目6科9种,分别为黄腹鼬Mustela kathiah、鼬獾Melogale moschata、斑林狸Prionodon pardicolor、豹猫Prionailurus bengalensis、野猪Sus scrofa、小麂Muntiacus reevesi、赤腹松鼠Callosciurus erythraeus、倭花鼠Tamiops maritimus和红腿长吻松鼠Dremomys pyrrhomer,其中,斑林狸和红腿长吻松鼠为沙溪自然保护区新纪录种;发现相对多度指数最高的兽类是野猪,为29.39,分布最广泛的地栖兽类是鼬獾;建立兽类累积曲线发现前31天兽类种数上升较快,后71天趋于平缓;研究进一步证实了红外相机技术可以作为保护区兽类补充调查的重要手段,可以在保护区兽类物种编目、相对多度指数、分布现状与凭证标本等收集上发挥重大作用。     

Anterior and posterior segment photography. An alternative approach using a dSLR camera adaptor

Purpose To describe a novel digital single lens reflex (dSLR) camera adaptor for anterior and posterior segment photography. Methods The adaptor was used to evaluate canine, feline, and equine patients presenting to Tufts Ophthalmology service. Anterior segment imaging was conducted with the adaptor mounted between a dSLR camera body (Canon 7D) and a macro lens (Canon EF‐S 60mm/f2.8). Posterior segment imaging was performed with the aid of an indirect ophthalmic lens mounted in front of the macro lens. Coaxial illumination during viewing was provided by a single white light‐emitting diode (LED) within the adaptor, while illumination during exposure was provided by the pop‐up flash or an accessory flash. Corneal and/or lens reflections were eliminated using a pair of linear polarizers, having their azimuths at right angles to one another. Results This dSLR camera adaptor provides quality high‐resolution, reflection‐free, images of both the anterior and posterior segments. It was easy to transport, assemble, and handle. The necessary adjustments, positioning, and focusing required for quality images were easily performed. Conclusion The described dSLR camera adaptor provides an alternative to existing imaging systems. High‐resolution image acquisition occurred at a fraction of the cost of established imaging system, particularly those devoted to the posterior segment.