基于高速摄像技术空气喷嘴雾化特性研究

为提高农药有效利用率,基于2400×1500×1500(mm)透明雾化实验平台选用外混式空气雾化喷嘴,利用激光检测和高速摄相机拍摄,针对雾化液滴在3个自变量:气体压力、液体流量、液体温度工艺条件下,同时引入索太尔平均粒径(SMD)计算公式,展开喷嘴雾化液滴粒径特性影响的研究。并基于ANSYS Fluent17.0软件,仿真模拟喷嘴外雾化粒径。由实验获得了影响最佳工况液体流量15kg/h、气体压力0.20MPa、液体温度30℃。同时获得结论:随着液体温度、气体压力的增大,SMD值逐渐减小,雾化效果逐渐上升,农药利用率逐渐提高。     

双通道近地遥感图像采集处理系

利用2CCD多光谱相机设计了近地遥感图像采集平台,同步获取小范围区域作物的可见光和NIR图像,通过图像处理技术从作物图像获得反射光谱信息.采集平台包括一个2CCD多光谱相机,两个采集盒,一台具有两个千兆网口的田间计算机.图像处理部分通过2GRB灰度化、中值滤波和Otsu二值化,从背景中分割出作物图像,结合作物原始R分量灰度图像,提取出作物红光图像平均灰度值,利用建立的灰度值与反射率的线性模型,计算得到作物红光波段的反射率.试验结果表明,图像采集平台工作稳定,利用图像处理方法提取的反射率与ASD光谱仪测量结果有较好相关性,为从作物冠层图像探测生长状况提供了理论依据.     

农业科技摄影中人物拍摄技巧

农业科技摄影作为摄影的一个重要类别,涵盖面广,甚至延伸到整个农业领域。概述农业摄影及其人物摄影的特点,浅析农业摄影中拍摄人物需注意的问题,旨在为广大农业科研工作者更好地掌握农业摄影技术提供参考。     

不同植被指数和无人机航高对草地盖度估测精度的影响

搭载高清数码相机的无人机在草地资源调查等方面具有成本低廉、机动性高、观察范围大等突出优势,拥有广阔的发展前景.本研究使用小型无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)、手机相机等设备获取草地盖度数据,选用植被因子指数(vegetative index,VEG)、超绿指数(excess green index,ExG)、超绿超红差分指数(excess green minus excess red index,ExGR)和绿叶指数(green leaf index,GLI)4种基于可见光的植被指数提取草地盖度信息,从无人机航高、草地盖度水平等方面分析各植被指数的适用性.结果表明:1)VEG和ExG方法估测草地盖度的效果较好,平均精确度均在93％以上.ExGR与GLI方法的估测效果较差,平均精度仅75％～80％.2)4种方法的估测精度均随盖度增加而降低.VEG方法估测草地盖度的精度受盖度水平影响最小,ExG方法次之,ExGR和GLI方法对高盖度草地的估测效果较差.3)VEG方法在高、中盖度水平下的最适航高为100 m,在低盖度水平下为40 m;ExG和ExGR方法在高、中盖度水平下的最适航高为100 m,在低盖度水平下为80 m;GLI方法在高盖度水平下的最适航高为100 m,在中、低盖度水平下为20 m.     

关于我国宏观调控相机抉择原则的思考

基于相机抉择原则在我国宏观调控中的实际运用,从制度背景、国情实际、自身特性及操作难度等方面,简要分析相机抉择在运用过程中产生宏观调控实际效应偏差的主要原因,并提出政策建议     

Identification and determination of antigenic proteins of Korean ranavirus-1 (KRV-1) using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis

Ranaviruses are serious pathogens of fish, amphibians, and reptiles, and pose a major threat to global biodiversity. A ranavirus isolated from tissues of diseased tadpoles and frogs in Gangwon province, Korea, in 2006 and 2007, was designated Korean ranavirus-1 (KRV-1) and was infectious in a variety of fish cell lines with highest titers (10¹⁰ TCID₅₀/ml) in Epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells (EPCs) and baby hamster kidney-21 (BHK-21) cells. Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles challenged by immersion in 10⁵ TCID₅₀/ml of KRV-1 showed 60% mortality within 10 days. SDS-PAGE of frog virus 3 (FV3) and KRV-1 proteins yielded several bands 35-49 kDa in size, which were identified as major capsid proteins (MCPs) by MALDI-TOF MS. Immunoblotting of FV3 proteins showed antigenic bands 34 kDa and 93 kDa in size which were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS as MCP and neurofilament triplet H1-like protein (NF-H1), respectively. In KRV-1, antigenic bands at 32 kDa, 69 kDa, and 72 kDa were identified as MCP, Hypothetical protein, and NF-H1, respectively. The genes encoding these KRV-1 proteins were sequenced. KRV-1 appeared to be closely related to the soft-shelled turtle iridovirus (STIV), based on alignments of amino acid sequences from various ranaviruses. Variability in ranavirus antigenic proteins was apparent in an earlier study. It is expected that use of the methods employed here, together with the results of the present work, will contribute to an understanding of the pathogenesis of ranaviruses, and will further the development of DNA- or protein-based bait vaccines for conservation of natural habitats.     

名优绿茶嫩芽识别与定位方法研究

由于人工采摘名优绿茶效率太低,严重制约了名优绿茶产业的发展。研究具有选择性且能快速准确采摘名优绿茶的智能系统迫在眉睫。而嫩芽识别和定位则是实现名优绿茶机械采摘的前提,因此,开展了名优绿茶嫩芽识别与定位方法的研究。基于RGB颜色空间采用三基色以及组合因子对图像进行灰度化处理,利用维纳滤波和梯度增强技术对处理后的图像进行滤波去噪,采用大津法和迭代法分割图像获取二值图像;借助MATLAB软件对相机进行标定处理获取各项内外参数,然后采用质心法对目标进行定位。结果表明,利用G-B索引因子结合迭代法能较大程度地识别出嫩芽目标,采用张氏标定法能在误差要求范围内对目标质心进行定位,且实时性较高。     

Estimating abundance and density of Amur tigers along the Sino–Russian border

As an apex predator the Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) could play a pivotal role in maintaining the integrity of forest ecosystems in Northeast Asia. Due to habitat loss and harvest over the past century, tigers rapidly declined in China and are now restricted to the Russian Far East and bordering habitat in nearby China. To facilitate restoration of the tiger in its historical range, reliable estimates of population size are essential to assess effectiveness of conservation interventions. Here we used camera trap data collected in Hunchun National Nature Reserve from April to June 2013 and 2014 to estimate tiger density and abundance using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) methods. A minimum of 8 individuals were detected in both sample periods and the documentation of marking behavior and reproduction suggests the presence of a resident population. Using Bayesian SECR modeling within the 11 400 km² state space, density estimates were 0.33 and 0.40 individuals/100 km² in 2013 and 2014, respectively, corresponding to an estimated abundance of 38 and 45 animals for this transboundary Sino–Russian population. In a maximum likelihood framework, we estimated densities of 0.30 and 0.24 individuals/100 km² corresponding to abundances of 34 and 27, in 2013 and 2014, respectively. These density estimates are comparable to other published estimates for resident Amur tiger populations in the Russian Far East. This study reveals promising signs of tiger recovery in Northeast China, and demonstrates the importance of connectivity between the Russian and Chinese populations for recovering tigers in Northeast China.     

基于无人机遥感影像的大豆叶面积指数反演研究

作物叶面积指数的遥感反演是农业定量遥感研究热点之一,利用无人机遥感监测系统获取农作物光谱信息精确反演叶面积指数对精准农业生产与管理意义重大。本研究以山东省嘉祥县一带的大豆种植区为试验区,设计以多旋翼无人机为平台同步搭载Canon Power Shot G16数码相机和ADC-Lite多光谱传感器组成的无人机农情监测系统开展试验,分别获取大豆结荚期和鼓粒期的遥感影像。使用比值植被指数(RVI)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、土壤调整植被指数(SAVI)、差值植被指数(DVI)、三角植被指数(TVI)5种植被指数,结合田间同步实测叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)数据,采用经验模型法分别构建了单变量和多变量LAI反演模型,通过决定系数(R2)、均方根误差(RMSE)和估测精度(EA)3个指标筛选出最佳模型。研究表明,有选择性地分时期进行农作物的叶面积指数反演是必要的,鼓粒期作为2个生育期中大豆LAI反演的最佳时期,其NDVI线性回归模型对大豆LAI的解释能力最强,R2=0.829,RMSE=0.301,反演大豆LAI最准确,EA=85.4%,生成的鼓粒期大豆LAI分布图反映了当地当时大豆真实长势情况。因此,以多旋翼无人机为平台同步搭载高清数码相机和多光谱传感器组成的无人机农情监测系统对研究大豆叶面积指数反演是可行性,可作为指导精准农业研究的一种新方法。     

主动式车辆红外夜视系统的研究

由于车辆红外夜视系统对于夜间驾驶具有重要意义,车辆夜视技术得到了很快的发展,同时被逐渐应用于车辆上,车辆夜视系统的应用将成为一种趋势.在本论文中对车辆主动式红外夜视系统的成像原理、系统总体设计和技术设计进行研究,通过对现有红外夜视技术及相关器件的借鉴与改造,对红外发光二极管的照射距离增加和系统使用中实际技术问题及解决方案从理论与实践上进行了探索.所提出的设计思路与技术方法,可为相关行业研究人员提供参考.