克里雅河流域水中氟离子的空间分布特征

氟是对生物圈、地圈及人类健康都具有重要影响的化学元素。2014年夏季和2015年冬季沿克里雅河上游山区-中游于田人工绿洲-尾闾沙漠腹地达里雅布依天然湖沼湿地采集测定了1个乌鲁克库勒湖水、21个河水和8个地下水样品的F-、pH和TDS(可溶性固体总量)。测得流域河水F-含量在0.09~6.08 mg·L~(-1),地下水在2.68~6.0 mg·L~(-1),高山湖为4.81 mg·L~(-1);河水和地下水pH分别在7.28~8.60和7.26~7.87,湖水为8.95;河水和地下水TDS分别在216~2 884 mg·L~(-1)与1 113~3 884 mg·L~(-1),湖水为17 281 mg·L~(-1)。结果显示:1上游乌鲁克库勒湖为高F-、高矿化度碱性盐湖;2在上游,克里雅河地表水各参数基本不受季节影响,但中、下游因洪水期,除pH以外,夏季F-、电导率、TDS和硬度等参数均低于冬季,而冬季中下游河水则因枯水期地下水的补给,氟化明显;3因蒸发和溶解等作用,自上游至下游,河水F-及TDS总体呈逐渐增加趋势,其中,上游河道F-远低于中游于田人工绿洲及尾闾达里雅布依天然湖沼湿地的地下水,而于田绿洲地下水F-含量反高于达里雅布依,或因苏打盐渍化引起;4流域水中F-与TDS之间存在一定相关性,与pH间相关但不显著;5本流域F-含量略高于阿克苏河及叶尔羌河等塔里木盆地其他河流。     

TDS调节剂对板栗营养状况的影响*

ＴＤＳ调节剂对板栗营养状况的影响苏梦云，周国璋，吴祖洪关键词ＴＤＳ调节剂，板栗，营养状况板栗（ＣａｓｔａｎｅａｍｏｌｌｉｓｓｉｍａＢＬ．）是我国重要的经济林树种，具有悠久的栽培历史。近年来，在南方山区发展很快，但是产量一直不高，不能有效地授粉受精无疑...     

TDS生长调节剂提高板栗结果率技术的研究

在板栗雄花序开始出现前后,以０．２５－１．０％的ＴＤＳ调节剂喷布处理,均能提高板栗结果率２０％以上,但以０．５％较为合适。除了喷布处理外,ＴＤＳ也适合注干和烧根处理。如在喷布时配合喷施多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）或异戊烯腺嘌呤（ＩＰＡ）５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ,表现明显的增效作用,在冬季或春季施肥也能提高ＴＤＳ的增产效果,试验结果表明,每年喷施ＴＤＳ,可年年获得增产。     

Soil salinity development in the yellow river delta in relation to groundwater dynamics

The Yellow River Delta occupies an important position in the global ecosystem because of its valuable wetland habitat resources for migratory birds on the Eastern Pacific migration route. However, it has suffered from severe land degradation because of soil salinization. This paper assesses the distribution maps of saline soils during the past two decades, using field observations at three points in time using remote sensing images for the same periods, in combination with spatial models. Soil salinization appears to have expanded from the coastline to inland areas of the Yelow River Delta at a surprising speed during that period. The spatio‐temporal dynamics of the groundwater table and total dissolved solids (TDS) during the last 20 years were analyzed using maps based on Kriging interpolation. Kriging helped substantially to improve the accurateness of the predicted values of soil salt content, using a random subsample of the observation points as validation basis. Correlation analysis of the spatial data revealed that the distribution and evolution of saline soils are closely related to the dynamics of groundwater: the aggravation of soil salinization is associated with a rising groundwater table and increasing TDS. Insufficient recharge of the groundwater with fresh surface water due to reduced Yellow River discharge and subsequent seawater intrusion are therefore serious environmental problems in the Yellow River Delta ecosystem. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation of the Suitability of Sewage and Recycled Water for Irrigation of Ornamental Plants

The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential benefits and risks of the sewage water and recycled treated water on three ornamental plant species, including Umbrella plant (Cyperus alternifolius), Euonymus (Euonymus japonicas), and Dracaena (Cordyline terminalis). Plants in the pots were irrigated with equal volumes of water in 2-day intervals. Treatment plants were analyzed for sodium (Na), potassium (K), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and lead (Pb) concentrations, in roots and shoots. The experiment was conducted by using a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance technique and least significance difference (LSD) test was applied at 5% probability level. Plants species performed better in sewage water after recycled water, in terms of growth, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, and leaf thickness, which proved sewage water accelerates the growth and development of ornamental foliage plants, but plants irrigated with this water exhibited greater concentration of Pb than other treatments.     

深圳市宝安区浅层地下水时空变异分布

运用地质统计方法研究浅层地下水在丰水期和枯水期的总矿化度以及丰水期Br-的时空变异特征,并应用GMS软件中的kriging插值模块估算它们的空间分布。研究结果表明:总矿化度和Br-在一定范围内存在空间相关性,而总矿化度在丰枯两个时段也存在时间相关性。该研究对于合理利用水资源,防止海水入侵及污染有着重要的意义。     

The migration of total dissolved solids during natural freezing process in Ulansuhai Lake

High total dissolved solids (TDS) content is one of the most important pollution contributors in lakes in arid and semiarid areas.Ulansuhai Lake,located in Urad Qianqi,Inner Mongolia,China,was selected as the object of study.Temperatures and TDS contents of both ice and under-ice water were collected together with corresponding ice thickness.TDS profiles were drawn to show the distribution of TDS and to describe TDS migration.The results showed that about 80% (that is 3.602×10 8 kg) of TDS migrated from ice to water during the whole growth period of ice.Within ice layer,TDS migration only occurred during initial ice-on period,and then perished.The TDS in ice decreased with increasing ice thickness,following a negative exponential-like trend.Within under-ice water,the TDS migrated from ice-water interface to the entire water column under the effect of concentration gradient until the water TDS content was uniform.In winter,6.044×10 7 kg (16.78% of total TDS) TDS migrated from water to sediment,which indicated that winter is the best time for dredging sediment.The migration effect gives rise to TDS concentration in under-ice water and sediment that is likely to affect ecosystem and water quality of the Yellow River.The trend of transfer flux of ice-water and water-sediment interfaces is similar to that of ice growth rate,which reveals that ice growth rate is one of the determinants of TDS migration.The process and mechanism of TDS migration can be referenced by research on other lakes with similar TDS content in cold and arid areas.     

TDS调节剂对板栗叶片光合强度及其产物输出的影响*

ＴＤＳ调节剂对板栗叶片光合强度及其产物输出的影响苏梦云，胡小明，吴祖洪，应廷龙，周国璋关键词ＴＤＳ调节剂，板栗，光合强度，光合产物输出ＴＤＳ调节剂处理对板栗（ＣａｓｔａｎｅａｍｏｌｌｉｓｓｉｍａＢｌ．）具有提高结果率和增加产量的作用［１，２］，但对其...     

兰州市区地下水矿化度分布特征及成因分析

以兰州市地下水样宏量化学组分测试结果为依据,采用统计分析和对比分析方法,研究了兰州市区地下水矿化度的分布及其成因。结果表明:现状条件下研究区地下水矿化度(TDS)普遍偏高,变化范围在340至18300mg/L之间,平均值为2212mg/L。广泛分布的第三系地层是地下水盐分的重要来源,开采引起的地下水位下降是引起市区水源地地下水矿化度升高的重要驱动因素,工业污染是引起地下水矿化度升高的潜在因素。     

螺威4%粉剂防治水稻福寿螺药效田间药效试验

田间药效试验结果表明,螺威4%粉剂对水稻福寿螺有较好的防效。施药剂量为90~150g(a.i.)/ha,药后7d防效为89.30%~94.79%。在试验剂量范围内,试验药剂对水稻安全。