表面活性剂-超声协同提取刺五加苷的工艺优选

以药用植物刺五加根茎为原料,采用食品表面活性剂吐温80-超声协同提取刺五加苷B和E。考察了表面活性剂浓度、液料比、超声功率、超声时间对刺五加苷B和E得率的影响,得到的最佳提取条件分别为:表面活性剂浓度0.3%,液料比20 mL·g-1,超声功率200 W,超声时间30 min。与传统的乙醇水溶剂提取法相比,表面活性剂-超声协同提取具有刺五加苷得率高、绿色环保等特点。     

Lung surfactant function and composition in neonatal foals and adult horses

BACKGROUND: Lung surfactant function and composition are varied and adapted to the specific respiratory physiology of all mammalian species. HYPOTHESIS: Lung surfactant function and composition are different in neonatal foals as compared to adult horses. ANIMALS: Six adult horses, 7 term foals (<24 hours old), and 4 premature foals were used. Animals were part of the Auburn University teaching herd except for 3 client-owned premature foals. METHODS: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained from all animals. Ultracentrifugation of cell-free BALF separated surfactant into crude surfactant pellets (CSP) and supernatant. Both fractions were analyzed for phospholipid and protein content with the Bartlett and bicinchoninic acid method, respectively. Phospholipid composition of the CSP was determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography with an evaporative light scatter detector. Surface tension of the CSP was measured with a pulsating bubble surfactometer. Results from term foals (<24 hours old) were compared statistically to those from adult horses. Values of P < .05 were considered significant. RESULTS: BALF phospholipid content was similar between adult horses and term foals, but BALF protein content was significantly decreased in term foals. Phosphatidylglycerol was significantly decreased, phosphatidylinositol was significantly increased, and the minimum surface tension was significantly increased in the CSP from term foals compared to adult horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Surface tension and phospholipid composition of surfactant in neonatal foals are significantly different compared to adult horses. These changes may influence biophysical and immunologic functions of surfactant.     

叶面肥和表面活性剂对辣椒表皮百菌清的光化学降解的影响

[目的]探究叶面肥和表面活性剂对辣椒表皮百菌清的光化学降解的影响。[方法]以高压汞灯为光源,在辣椒表面定量添加百菌清,研究叶面肥(叶面微肥和叶面氮肥)和3种不同类型的表面活性剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠、吐温-80和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)对百菌清在辣椒表皮光化学降解的影响。[结果]在高压汞灯下,按推荐剂量添加的叶面微肥和叶面氮肥对百菌清的光化学降解都有强烈的光猝灭作用,光猝灭率分别为89.5%和174.6%。添加十二烷基苯磺酸钠和吐温-80对百菌清的光化学降解均具有光敏作用,光解半衰期T1/2分别为2.23和4.30 h;添加十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对百菌清的光化学降解具有光猝灭作用,光解半衰期T1/2为7.10 h。[结论]为实际农业生产选择肥料农药及研究百菌清在环境中转化及归趋提供了理论依据。     

嗜酸乳杆菌细菌素的分离纯化及表面活性剂对其活性的影响

从本研究室保藏的一株来自于凯菲尔粒的嗜酸乳杆菌培养基质中分离出具有抑菌活性的蛋白组分——细菌素,对该嗜酸乳杆菌所产生的细菌素的分离方法及表面活性剂对其抑菌活性的影响作用进行了研究。结果表明,嗜酸乳杆菌在添加了油酸的MRS培养基中培养16h后达到产细菌素高峰;对细菌素分离纯化研究包括三个步骤：硫酸铵沉淀、离子交换色谱（IEC）和疏水作用色谱（HIC）。不同类型的表面活性剂对细菌素的抑菌活性具有不同的影响。     

一种热雾施药专用沉降稳定剂的研发

为解决热雾机施药时热雾微粒飘逸及发烟载体与常规商品农药不相容的问题,通过对发烟载体、表面活性剂、凝结核物质及防冻剂、分散剂、增稠剂、消泡剂等助剂进行筛选和组配,开发出一种热雾沉降稳定剂,为热雾施药技术在农作物病虫害防治上的推广应用提供技术支持.     

表面活性剂对土壤中石油类污染物的洗脱效果研究

表面活性剂具有增溶和乳化性质,能够有效去除土壤中的石油类污染物。本研究以实验室配制的原油污染土壤和苯并[a]蒽污染土壤为供试土壤,采用批量洗脱方法,研究阴、阳离子和非离子等11种表面活性剂的洗脱效果,从而筛选出效果较好的单一表面活性剂进行阴–非复配,并以苯并[a]蒽污染土壤为试验土样,采用单一控制变量法研究复配比、浓度、液固比、温度和添加无机盐种类对洗脱效果的影响。结果表明:对单一表面活性剂,洗脱效果最好的为SDS、Tw80和TX100,三者在浓度10 g/L,液固比为40︰1时对苯并[a]蒽去除率分别为85.3%、74.3%和67.9%;在浓度6 g/L,液固比为20︰1时对原油的去除率分别为65.3%、57.6%和67.3%。SDS-Tw80混合表面活性剂对苯并[a]蒽有协同增溶作用,SDS-Tw80在25℃,浓度6 g/L,液固比20︰1,复配比例6︰4,添加0.02 mol/L碳酸钠为助剂条件下洗脱效果最好,苯并[a]蒽去除率为84.5%。     

Preparation of Magnetic Activated Carbon

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表面活性剂辅助植物修复重金属污染土壤研究进展

介绍了常用表面活性剂的种类和特点,分析了其辅助植物修复重金属污染土壤的作用机理,综述了表面活性剂在植物修复重金属污染土壤中的应用,总结了影响重金属在植物体内累积的因素,并展望了表面活性剂辅助植物修复重金属污染土壤的研究方向.     

螯合剂与表面活性剂强化东南景天修复Cd污染土壤的研究

通过盆栽试验,研究了螯合剂与表面活性剂混合添加对东南景天修复重金属Cd污染土壤的影响。结果表明:螯合剂EDTA-Na2与表面活性剂SAA的使用能促进土壤中的Cd由可还原态、可氧化态、残渣态向酸溶态转化,提高重金属的生物有效性,同时还能促进东南景天吸收Cd,强化植物修复的效果。在植物收割前7 d,当添加p H为7的TX-100以及4.0 mmol/kg EDTA-Na2(即A2B2C2D2E1)时,植物生物量较好,植物吸收重金属Cd含量较高,植物修复效果较好。这就是最佳试验组。     

几种表面活性剂及营养物对虫生真菌孢子萌发的影响

研究了球孢白僵菌、金龟录僵菌和粉拟青霉在吐温－８０及６种不同的洗衣粉中的分散性及活力。结果表明,３种真菌在这些表面活性剂中的分散指数差异不显著。白僵、绿僵不同浓度的吐温－８０液中的发芽同于不加表面活性剂的对照。多数洗衣粉显著抑制３种真菌的萌发,但白僵菌在０．１％和０．０５％白猫牌无泡超浓缩洗衣粉中发芽 对照差异不显著,在５％和２％葡萄糖液,２％和１％蛋白胨液中,白僵菌孢子在发者发育率最高。