分散大红S-3GFL和分散红3B的微生物降解和表面活性剂的作用

对于绍兴地区来说,纺织业是绍兴的支柱产业,作为纺织业下游工业的印染业也就成为绍兴经济中的重要组成部分,但是工业废水对环境的破坏性影响也越来越严重.文章对纺织行业的染料废水的脱色和降解进行了一些实验.     

Role of Tween 80 in biobleaching of unbleached hardwood kraft pulp with manganese peroxidase

The role of Tween 80 in biobleaching of unbleached hardwood kraft pulp (HWKP) with manganese peroxidase (MnP) was investigated. Among the surfactants (e.g., Tween 80, Tween 20, CHAPSO) the most significant brightness increase was obtained with Tween 80. Tween 80 and Tween 20 exhibited several effects, such as dispersion of degraded lignin and activation of MnP, that partly contributed to the brightening of HWKP during MnP treatment. However, these characteristics did not explain the most appreciable effect on the brightness increase by Tween 80. Lipid peroxidation of surfactants during MnP biobleaching was determined by measuring the peroxide value (POV). The order of the POV increase was consistent with that of the brightness increase of pulp during MnP treatment in the presence of various surfactants or linolenic acid. However, radicals and peroxides derived from lipid (linolenic acid) peroxidation by lipoxidase hardly brightened the HWKP by themselves. These results suggested that Tween 80 was peroxidized by Mn(III), and that Mn(III) and lipid peroxidation of Tween 80 synergistically brightened HWKP.This study was presented in part at the 43rd lignin symposium, Fuchu, Tokyo, Oct. 26–27, 1998 and the 49th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2–4, 1999     

表面活性剂淋洗修复土壤中重金属污染研究进展

随着工业的不断发展,土壤重金属污染问题日益严峻,寻找到一种高效处理重金属污染土壤的方法刻不容缓。土壤淋洗是土壤修复的一种重要方法,其中表面活性剂作为一种相对环保的处理剂被广泛地应用在土壤淋洗之中。文章概括了土壤重金属的修复方法与表面活性剂的种类,阐述了表面活性剂淋洗土壤的机理,总结了不同类型表面活性剂淋洗土壤重金属的应用,最后对表面活性剂淋洗土壤中重金属的应用前景与发展趋势进行了展望。     

表面活性剂溶液清洗油污土壤试验研究

选用两种阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)及两种非离子型表面活性剂Triton X-100和Tween 80,研究了临界胶束浓度(CMC)附近各表面活性剂溶液对柴油的增溶及一次性清洗油污土壤的能力。结果表明:在CMC附近,各表面活性剂对柴油的增溶能力大小顺序为SDSSDS>Triton X-100>Tween 80,两种阴离子型表面活性剂的清洗效果优于两种非离子型表面活性剂。     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠对五氯酚钠光解体系的影响

研究了不同浓度的阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对五氯酚钠在水溶液中光解的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂不直接参与五氯酚钠的光反应;在(ρSDBS)小于其临界胶束浓度(CMC)时,SDBS对五氯酚钠的光反应有抑制作用,而ρ(SDBS)大于其CMC时,SDBS胶束的形成对五氯酚钠的光反应有加速的趋势。推测是由于ρ(SDBS)在达到CMC之前,对光解的影响以光吸收作用为主,对五氯酚钠光解有一定的抑制;而达到CMC后,胶束内部类似有机相的环境,对五氯酚钠有富集作用,从而加速五氯酚钠的光反应。     

Characterization of rosemary essential oil for biodegradable emulsions

The characterization of rosemary essential oil (EO) for its formulation in biodegradable emulsions has been carried out. Firstly, the required HLB (hydrophile-lipophile balance) value of the oil was determined to be 15 based on droplet size analysis and the stability of emulsions with synthetic surfactants. Moreover the emulsion resulted to be stable after 50 days of storage in ambient conditions. Secondly, four biodegradable and non-toxic surfactants derived from starch were tested. The effect of these surfactants was analyzed by measuring interfacial tension between the oil and the aqueous phase.     

胺唑草酮的光解动力学研究

为了研究胺唑草酮的光解规律及其对环境的影响,笔者采用液液分配-高效液相色谱法,通过室内模拟试验研究胺唑草酮在不同自然水体、不同pH缓冲溶液、不同表面活性剂、不同浓度腐殖酸中的光解动态。研究结果表明：胺唑草酮在碱性条件下光解最快,中性条件次之,半衰期分别为2.9h和6.4h。在酸性条件下最缓慢,半衰期为7.6h。胺唑草酮在4种不同类型水体中的光解速率顺序为：河水＞稻田水＞湖水＞蒸馏水。胺唑草酮在不同浓度腐殖酸中的光解半衰期分别为1.3、3.5和5.8h。在不同表面活性剂试验中,胺唑草酮在Span60中的光解最快,十二烷基苯磺酸钠次之,在Tween80存在的条件下降解最慢,其半衰期分别为2.1、2.5、10.2h。可得出结论,胺唑草酮在碱性和中性环境中不稳定;在河水中能较快光解;低浓度腐殖酸对胺唑草酮的光解有促进作用;在Span60存在的条件下最不稳定。     

表面活性剂强化土壤中PCBs的解吸研究

[目的]为研究表面活性剂对PCBs的解吸效果的强化提供理论依据。[方法]通过研究十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）、Tween 80和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（HTAB）三种表面活性剂对土壤中多氯联苯（PCBs）解吸效果及其本身在水和土壤中的分配,并分析了表面活性剂在水和土壤中的定量分配对PCBs的解吸行为的影响。[结果]单种表面活性剂对PCBs的解吸效果的强化作用为：Tween 80〉SDBS〉HTAB;3种表面活性剂在土壤上都有较大的吸附,吸附作用大小为：HTAB〉Tween 80〉SDBS;表面活性剂对PCBs解吸效果的强化作用主要由表面活性剂水相胶束浓度贡献,且PCBs的解吸率同水相胶束浓度正线性相关。[结论]得到了3种表面活性剂对土壤中的PCBs的解吸效果的强化作用,为进一步分析提供了理论依据。     

表面活性剂增效微波提取紫荆花红色素的研究

以表面活性剂为增溶剂，微波水相提取紫荆花红色素的工艺。筛选出紫荆花红色素的最佳增溶剂为十二烷基硫酸钠(K12)，确定最佳提取的条件为：微波档数高火，提取时间50s，K12浓度0．03％，提取料液比1：80g／mL。     

木质素胺的合成及表面活性的研究

研究木质素胺的合成及表面活性。用木质素胺与石油磺酸盐复配,可以有效地降低表面张力。这种表面活性剂用于原油的乳化降粘,具有性能好,成本低的优点。