基于向日葵DUS测试的遗传多样性分析及代码分级

通过对来源于全国各地的253份向日葵种质资源进行相关、回归、遗传多样性分析,为向日葵种质资源开发、利用、评价提供参考;利用2倍标准差法对数量性状进行代码分级,并采用频次分析对代码分级的科学性进行探讨,为向日葵DUS测试[对申请保护的植物新品种进行特异性（distinctness）、一致性（uniformity）和稳定性（stability）的栽培鉴定试验或室内分析测试]指南的修订提供依据。通过相关分析和回归分析发现叶片大小与叶长、叶宽,瘦果大小与瘦果长度、瘦果宽度存在极显著相关关系且存在着一定的线性函数关系。通过性状代码分级和频次分析发现苞叶密度、舌状花密度、叶长、瘦果厚度分级比较少,且数据较为集中,不利于区分不同品种。瘦果长度、瘦果宽度、瘦果大小虽然分级较多,但不符合正态分布,表明代码分级不够科学合理。而主茎叶数、叶宽、叶片大小、花盘直径、株高这些性状数据分布符合正态分布,代码分级较为科学,便于区分不同品种。造成代码分级不合理的主要原因是人工选择的结果,同时也受品种保护意识淡薄、法律法规不完善的影响。     

Moderate quantity of lard mixed with sunflower oil attenuate lipid accumulation in mice

Lard, a fat rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), is regarded as a risk factor for metabolic diseases. In the present study, effect of different lard blended with sunflower oil diets on lipid accumulation in adipose tissue, liver, and serum by mouse model was researched. Body weight, body fat percentage, cross-sectional area of adipocytes, liver triglycerides (TGs), and oil red stained area in mice liver of lard blend sunflower oil (L-SFO) group were significantly lower than those of sunflower oil (SFO) group, whereas no significant differences were observed between mice of lard and L-SFO groups. Serum TG and free fatty acid levels were significantly lower in L-SFO group than in other two groups. Furthermore, data showed that sunflower oil decreased contents of hormone-sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT-1) and increased fatty acid synthase activity in liver tissue. A mixture of lard and sunflower oil rather than only sunflower oil or lard might promote body fat loss and reduce lipid accumulation in adipose tissue, serum, and liver by promoting hydrolysis of TG, increasing β-oxidation of fatty acids. These data suggested that mixing lard and vegetable oil (e.g. sunflower oil) for cooking, or alternate using lard and vegetable oil could be beneficial for reducing body fat.     

向日葵新品种LD5009特征特性及配套高产栽培技术

[目的]为宁夏地区优质向日葵新品种的选育及其生产利用提供技术支持。[方法]通过多年对向日葵新品种筛选及配套栽培技术的研究,宁夏农业科学院作物研究所成功筛选出了适合宁夏种植的食葵杂交种LD5009,并总结出了与之配套的向日葵沟种垄植机械化精量栽培技术。[结果]LD5009产量高,籽粒饱满,商品性好,抗病性强,但不抗黄萎病,种子价格高。沟种垄植机械化精量栽培技术能极大地节省农户的种植成本,提高种植户的经济效益,实现大面积机械化精量播种,对宁夏向日葵产业的发展有推动作用。[结论]LD5009的综合农艺性状较好,是一种高产优质的食葵杂交种。沟种垄植机械化精量栽培技术实现了大面积全程机械化种植,可以节约时间和成本。     

The Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on the Phosphorus Absorption by Sunflowers

Little is known about the effect of fertilization on the P uptake of sunflowers. A 4² factorial trial with 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha⁻¹ and 0, 15, 30, and 45 kg P ha⁻¹ was conducted over three years. The P content and concentration of leaves, stems and capitula were determined at three growth stages. High N levels increased the P content and concentration of all plant components in early growth stages only. High P levels increased the P content and concentration of all plant components sharply almost throughout. Plants seem to recover some lost growth towards the end of the season so that at physiological maturity there are no significant differences in P content among N levels. The translocation of P from the stems is very effective but P can accumulate in the leaves if a luxury quantity of P is present in the plants. In terms of seed yield a significant N × P interaction was found, indicating a sharp response to both N and P only in the presence of a sufficient quantity of the other element. The response of seed yield was in agreement with the P absorption by the plants.     

食用向日葵高产栽培技术

介绍了食用向日葵的高产栽培技术,包括轮作选地、施肥、品种选择与种子处理、播种、田间管理等。     

陇葵杂2号对氮磷钾平衡吸收动态研究

以陇葵杂2号为指示品种,研究了不同施肥条件下向日葵生育期植株干物质积累量与氮、磷、钾积累量间的平衡关系,结果表明,向日葵植株干物质的积累量与氮、磷、钾积累量之间,以及氮、磷、钾在植株中的积累量间均呈极显著的线性正相关.以施尿素225 kg/hm2、普通过磷酸钙150 kg/hm2、氯化钾150 kg/hm2处理的氮、磷、钾施用量配比合理,在该施肥条件下,氮（N）、磷（P2O5）、钾（K2O）平衡施肥比例为4.119.4.     

山西省向日葵列当初报

阐述了山西省向日葵列当发生的一些情况及向日葵列当的一般形态特征、传播方式、寄生规律,简要介绍了向日葵列当的防治措施。     

渭北旱塬油葵高产优化数学模型研究

选取对油葵产量影响较大的施Ｎ量，施Ｐ量和密度等因子，采用三元二次回归正交旋转组织设计，研究了渭北旱塬油葵高产优化数学模型。     

Seed treatments to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

The treated seeds (control, KNO₃ and hydropriming) of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivar Sanbro were evaluated at germination and seedling growth for tolerance to salt (NaCl) and drought conditions induced by PEG-6000 at the same water potentials of 0.0, −0.3, −0.6, −0.9 and −1.2 MPa. Electrical conductivity (EC) values of the NaCl solutions were 0.0, 6.5, 12.7, 18.4 and 23.5 dS m⁻¹, respectively. The objective of the study was to determine factors responsible for germination and early seedling growth due to salt toxicity or osmotic effect and to optimize the best priming treatment for these stress conditions.

Results revealed that germination delayed in both solutions, having variable germination with different priming treatments. Germination, root and shoot length were higher but mean germination time and abnormal germination percentage were lower in NaCl than PEG at the same water potential. Seeds were able to germinate at all concentrations of NaCl but no seed germination was observed at −1.2 MPa of PEG treatments. NaCl had less inhibitor effect on seedling growth than the germination. It was concluded that inhibition of germination at the same water potential of NaCl and PEG resulted from osmotic effect rather than salt toxicity. Hydropriming increased germination and seedling growth under salt and drought stresses.     

向日葵菌核病消长动态分析模型

向日葵菌核病是内蒙古自治区向日葵生产上的一个严重病害,其流行有突增突降的特点。本文探索了向日葵种植面积与病因产量、菌核生成量之间关系。在此基础上应用突变(Catastrophe)理论对向日葵菌核病的消长动态作了分析,并给出了一个说明菌核突增、突降动态及原因的分析模型的实例。