盆栽草莓基质筛选试验初报

试验目的为筛选出最佳盆栽无土草莓基质,适应盆栽草莓工厂化生产的技术体系,为相关园艺植物无土栽培技术研究和工厂化生产提供实践和理论依据。用河沙、珍珠岩、煤渣和草炭不同比例的11种组合为处理,试种品种为丰香,进行单因素随机区组试验,研究不同基质配方对盆栽草莓的生长结果影响。结果表明不同处理的生长结果指标差异显著。利用加权平均数的评价,筛选出三个较好的盆栽草莓基质配方:草炭:煤渣(体积比1:1),珍珠岩:煤渣(1:1)和珍珠岩:河沙:煤渣(1:1:1)。     

不同基质和不同浓度的生根剂对文冠果的扦插育苗的影响

采用不同母株年龄的穗条,不同基质及不同浓度的生根剂进行文冠果的扦插育苗试验。结果表明：文冠果插条随母株年龄的增大其生根率、生长量下降;温室内扦插生根率高、地径大,生长快;用ABT6号生根粉处理的插条生长势好、生根率高;温室扦插总体要比大田扦插效果好;用质量分数为100×10-6~200×10-6浓度的IBA浸泡1h,能大幅度的提高扦插成活率。     

基质和激素对无刺枸骨扦插成活率及其生长影响研究初报

无刺枸骨在5种不同基质中,以及在经用NAA,IAA和IBA等3种激素处理的山黄土中扦插后,对其下端伤口愈合率、生根率、成苗率以及苗高、地径、新梢长、根数量、最大根长、最小根长、根系幅度和鲜重等11个指标进行了研究。结果表明:在3号基质(山黄土与珍珠岩容积比为1∶1)中插穗下端伤口愈合率、生根率、成苗率分别为90.67%,85.33%和71.33%,高于其他基质中的插穗,且3号基质中苗高、新梢长、最大根长、最小根长和鲜重等5个指标的平均值也都优于其他几种基质,与对照(砻糠灰)相比,增幅分别为0.18%,55.56%,22.80%,30.00%和13.66%;100 mg/L NAA浸泡2 h或1 000 mg/L IBA速蘸5 s,能显著提高插穗的下端伤口愈合率、生根率和成苗率。其中,经100 mg/L NAA处理过后的插穗,其苗高、新梢长、根系数量、鲜重等指标较对照(清水)增幅分别为18.79%,128.57%,43.90%和14.39%,生长优势最强。     

基质和遮阴对结缕草冷季生长幼苗构件及生物量分配的影响

通过设置5种基质和5个遮阴梯度,对结缕草（Zoysia japonica）扦插苗进行交叉处理,经3个月的冷季生长后,测定幼苗的存活率、生长特性、构件性状及生物量等指标,分析基质和遮阴对冷季生长结缕草幼苗构件性状及生物量分配的影响。结果表明：基质对结缕草存活率、干重、鲜重及生物量分配均有极显著影响,利于结缕草冷季存活与生长的基质顺序为成熟紫色土 > 建渣土 > 粗砂土 > 石谷子土 > 腐殖土;遮阴度对结缕草存活率有极显著影响,30%左右遮阴利于结缕草在冷季存活与生长;基质和遮阴度互作对结缕草幼苗构件性状及生物量分配有显著影响,基质是影响主要因子,遮阴度次之;基质和遮阴协同作用对结缕草构件生物量分配影响为叶 > 根 > 茎,结缕草可依据基质和遮阴采取相应的形态塑性和生长策略,以提高适应性和抗寒性。     

橘色海菊蛤人工繁育技术研究

本研究以野生橘色海菊蛤(Spondylus aurantius)为材料,观察了橘色海菊蛤的亲体催熟、胚胎及稚贝的发育过程,比较了不同温度条件下胚胎发育速度及不同材质和采苗深度对海菊蛤附着效果的影响。结果显示,野生橘色海菊蛤在养殖池经自然催熟后性腺饱满,发育成熟;采用“晾干+流水+高温”刺激获得了橘色海菊蛤优质精卵,并成功完成了受精;受精卵通过不均等卵裂,依次发育为多细胞卵裂期、囊胚、担轮幼虫、D形幼虫、壳顶幼虫、匍匐幼虫和稚贝,累计耗时25～27 d。受精卵在温度为28℃和32℃时均可发育至稚贝,且在水温为32℃时,胚胎各个阶段发育速度均快于28℃。室内不同水层采苗结果显示,底层采苗器附着密度要显著高于上层(P<0.05);不同附着基材质附着密度结果显示,室内采苗阶段黑蝶贝壳附着效果最好,而后依次为海菊蛤壳>牡蛎壳>混凝土饼>黑色遮阳网>绿色聚乙烯网片。在自然海区养殖30d后,海菊蛤壳和牡蛎壳附着及生长效果最优。本研究首次成功开展了橘色海菊蛤人工繁育,获得了其胚胎和稚贝发育规律,研究结果可为该物种在南海人工规模化养殖提供支撑。     

不同基质和育苗方式对新铁炮百合幼苗素质的影响

以新铁炮百合为试材,比较了不同基质和育苗方式对新铁炮百合幼苗的生长和移栽及成花的影响.结果表明,草炭是最适合新铁炮百合幼苗培育的基质;以草炭为基质、采用穴盘育苗,可以提高新铁炮百合幼苗的质量、移栽质量和成花率.     

瓜果类蔬菜木薯渣育苗基质配方筛选研究

以腐熟的木薯渣作为主要原料,与草炭、蛭石和珍珠岩按照不同体积比混配成12个基质配比,以市场上成品蔬菜育苗基质作为对照,研究不同配比基质的理化性质及其对不同种类瓜果蔬菜幼苗生长的影响,筛选出适合黄瓜、番茄、西瓜生长的育苗基质配方。结果表明,木薯渣、草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩体积比为40∶40∶10∶10(T5处理)和20∶40∶20∶20(T6处理)的复配基质各项理化性质均在瓜果类蔬菜幼苗生长要求的适宜范围内,2个基质配方培育的瓜果类蔬菜幼苗出苗率、壮苗指数、叶绿素含量、根系活力、根体积、根尖数等生长和生理指标均表现较好。根据瓜果类蔬菜幼苗的生长状况,并结合环境和经济方面等因素,在生产上推荐使用木薯渣比例更高的T5处理作为黄瓜育苗专用基质配方,T6处理可作为瓜果类蔬菜通用育苗基质配方。     

玉米芯栽培鲍鱼菇试验

传统的鲍鱼菇栽培多以棉子壳、杂木屑为主.当地这2种物质来源有限,成本偏高,而玉米芯价格十分便宜,我国有大量的玉米产地,特别是北方地区,可为鲍鱼菇的栽培提供大量原料,通过3 a 试验,证明用玉米芯做主料栽培鲍鱼菇即可降低成本,又可达到高产的目的.     

Microbial dynamics in RAS water: Effects of adding acetate as a biodegradable carbon-source

This study evaluated the effect of an abrupt increase in easily biodegradable carbon (acetate) on bacterial activity and abundance in the water of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). The study included a batch experiment with RAS water only, and an experiment at system level where twelve pilot scale RAS were used. The batch experiment was made to test how acetate concentration would influence the microbial state in RAS water. Further, we wanted to observe if the selected microbial analysis tools would be able to detect these changes. The second experiment was carried out in twelve identical and independent RAS that had been operated under constant loading conditions (1.6 kg/m³ make-up water) for five months prior to the trial. The twelve RAS were divided into four treatment groups in triplicates: i) control with submerged biofilter (Ctrl + bf); ii) control without submerged biofilter (Ctrl-bf); iii) acetate addition in RAS with submerged biofilter (Ac + bf); and iv) acetate addition in RAS without submerged biofilter (Ac-bf). The biofilter media from the groups without submerged biofilter (Ac-bf and Ctrl-bf) was removed just 5 h prior to the start of the trial. The two acetate treatment groups (Ac + bf and Ac-bf) were spiked with 40 mg/L of acetate three consecutive times (0, 24 and 48 h). Consumption of acetate, bacterial abundance and bacterial activity were followed for 72 h after the first acetate spike for both experiments. Bacterial activity was quantified by BactiQuant^® and hydrogen peroxide (HP) degradation assay. Bacterial abundance was assessed by quantifying micro-particles and free-living bacteria. In the batch experiment we observed a significant increase in bacterial activity proportional to the amount of acetate added, and a corresponding significant increase in microparticles (1–3 μm). In the pilot scale RAS experiment, the acetate addition in RAS with submerged biofilter did not cause an increase in bacterial activity, or in the number of microparticles in the water phase but a significant increase in bacterial activity and number of microparticles were observed in the RAS without submerged biofilter (Ac-bf). These changes were particularly pronounced shortly after each acetate spike.In RAS with submerged biofilters, the acetate was presumably consumed primarily by the bacterial community within the biofilm, and consequently, only minor changes were observed in densities of free-living bacteria in the water phase. The results of the study suggest that heterotrophic bacteria in the submerged biofilter have a high capacity to handle fluctuation of organic matter loading in RAS, thereby stabilizing the abundance and activity of bacteria in the water column.     

过量浸水对基质块N、P、K流失及秧苗生长的影响

[目的]研究过量浸水对基质块N、P、K流失及秧苗生长的影响。[方法]设计让基质块吸水饱和膨胀后再多加其体积1/2的过量水,并设13个时间梯度用来研究一次性过量浸水与基质块N、P、K养分浸出、损失的回归关系,并种植西红柿研究基质块泡水后对植株养分吸收及生长的影响。[结果]3种养分在浸泡水中的浓度与时间都存在回归方程分别为:N=-2E-05t2+0.016 1t+2.055 3、P=0.002 2t+2.248 5及K=0.004 7t+0.875 8。虽然3种养分都有损失,但氮损失总量与时间的回归方程方差分析差异不显著,这与其挥发性质有关,而P、K的回归方程为:P=0.125 7t-0.117、K=0.022 5t0.1514。这样造成植株地上部对N、K的吸收产生不利影响,回归方程分别为:N=20.64e-4E-04t、K=E-06t2-0.011 3t+29.055。同时,在该试验条件下,过量浸水未对壮苗指数造成显著不利影响。[结论]为指导基质块浸水方式及其栽培管理和育苗提供理论依据,同时指导农业生产。